CN106213069B - Artificial feed for larva of onychomycosis - Google Patents
Artificial feed for larva of onychomycosis Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of insect breeding, in particular to a spade beetle larva artificial feed which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 86-88% of raw wood chips, 8-10% of wheat bran, 1.0-1.2% of cane sugar, 0.8-1.0% of medical gypsum powder and 1.8-2.2% of silkworm chrysalis powder. The invention has the advantages that: the invention carries out the research on the nutrition biology of the larva of the spade beetle and the screening and planting proportion of the inoculation species of the artificial feed, the obtained result can provide a basis for developing the artificial mixed feed which is suitable for the nutrition required by the normal growth and development of the larva of the spade beetle, also provides guidance for optimizing the feed formula, promotes the healthy and stable development of the breeding industry of the spade beetle in China, lightens the situation that the market of insect artware is greatly supplied for a long time, and also provides a feeding platform for breeding the treasure spade beetle in China and recording the juvenile stage. Meanwhile, the silkworm chrysalis powder is introduced into the compound feed, so that a new market for selling and utilizing the silkworm chrysalis powder is opened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of insect breeding, in particular to an artificial feed for larva of a spade beetle.
Background
Spade beetles (stag beetles), commonly known as deer horns and sandwiches, belong to the class Insecta (Insecta) and Coleoptera (Coleoptera) family Deuterobeetles (Lucanidae). There are about 1000 more species all over the world, nearly two thirds of species are distributed in Asia, and one quarter of species are distributed in China. Spade beetles belong to metamorphosis insects, and the life cycle of spade beetles includes four forms of eggs, larvae, pupae and adults. The spade beetles have a single inhabitation environment and mainly live in broad-leaved forests or mixed forests. Most species are distributed in the subtropical and tropical regions. The variety of spade A in north China is less, but the variety of the spade A in south China is more. The larva of the spade nail is rotten and inhabited on the stump and the root thereof and is eaten by rotten wood with bacteria. Adults ingest nectar, sap and rotten fruits. Under the condition of artificial feeding, rotten wood chips are planted in the larvae, but the death rate is extremely high.
At present, the feed for breeding the larvae of the onychomycosis still mainly comprises fermented sawdust, but the fermented sawdust has poor palatability and less nutrition, so that the death rate of the larvae is high and the bodies of the grown adults are small. However, although the natural rotten wood or wood chips have a comprehensive nutritional structure, the natural rotten wood resources are limited, the supply cannot be guaranteed, the use is inconvenient (the mixed insects need to be cleaned), and the natural rotten wood carries pathogenic bacteria, so that the disease spread is easy to cause, and the tendency that the cultivation scale is continuously enlarged cannot be adapted. The inoculation section wood is mostly a wood section after edible fungi are fruiting, and has certain pesticide residue due to different inoculation types, the death rate of the larva of the spade beetle is low, the quality difference of the grown larva is large, the probability of the occurrence of defective goods is high, and the growth of the larva of the spade beetle is not favorably managed finely. Therefore, the development of high-quality artificial feed which can meet the nutritional requirements of the larva of the spade beetle and is convenient to prepare is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method.
The invention provides a first aspect of artificial feed for larva of onychomycosis, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 86-88% of raw wood chips, 8-10% of wheat bran, 1.0-1.2% of cane sugar, 0.8-1.0% of medical gypsum powder and 1.8-2.2% of silkworm chrysalis powder.
The wood chips are commercially available raw wood chips.
Preferably, the artificial feed for the larva of the onychomycosis spade consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 88% of wood chips, 8% of wheat bran, 1% of sucrose, 1% of medical gypsum powder and 2% of silkworm chrysalis powder.
The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of the artificial feed for the larva of the spade beetle, which comprises the following steps: weighing according to the proportion of the formula, uniformly mixing raw sawdust, wheat bran, medical gypsum powder and silkworm chrysalis powder, uniformly filling cane sugar water into the material, supplementing water until the water content is 60%, and performing high-pressure sterilization after mixing; cooling to room temperature, inoculating coriolus versicolor with the size of quail egg (0.8-1 cm)3) (ii) a Culturing at 25 deg.C for about 60 days after inoculation.
The third aspect of the invention provides the application of the artificial feed for the larva of the spade nail in artificial breeding of the larva of the spade nail.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention carries out the research on the nutrition biology of the larva of the spade beetle and the screening and planting proportion of the inoculation species of the artificial feed, the obtained result can provide a basis for developing the artificial mixed feed which is suitable for the nutrition required by the normal growth and development of the larva of the spade beetle, also provides guidance for optimizing the feed formula, promotes the healthy and stable development of the breeding industry of the spade beetle in China, lightens the situation that the market of insect artware is greatly supplied for a long time, and also provides a feeding platform for breeding the treasure spade beetle in China and recording the juvenile stage. Meanwhile, the silkworm chrysalis powder is introduced into the compound feed, so that a new market for selling and utilizing the silkworm chrysalis powder is opened.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1: research on nutriology of larva of onychomycosis
1 materials and methods
1.1 Experimental animals
During the period from 10 months to 2015 6 months in 2011, 3 spade beetle larvae are directly dug out from the rotten wood in the Shandong city, 4 times of Shanxi Dayaoshan protection areas, 4 times of Shandong Yuan mountains, and the number of the spade beetle larvae is 6: spade beetle Serrognathus titanus (boisdival, 1835); the serotonella serodonata sympantaeus (Albers, 1886); yellow line saw spade A prosopocoius biplanatus (Westwood, 1855); kongfu saw spade A prosapocoius convicus (Hope, 1842); chinese spade A, Dorcus hopei (Saunders, 1854); anta big spade Dorcus antaaeus Hope, 1842.
1.2 Experimental methods
1.2.1 experiment 1 spade beetle larva feeding analysis experiment
Collecting larva of spade beetle 1 time every season (except summer), and collecting fruiting body of the larva on rotten wood; after collection, the seeds are refrigerated and stored, and then are taken back to a laboratory; firstly determining the types of larvae and fungi, then measuring the weight of the larvae, dissecting under a dissecting mirror, cutting off the gastrointestinal tract, observing the degree of filling, checking the content of the stomach, and identifying the types and the occurrence times of the food in the gastrointestinal tract by microscopic detection. The food composition, orientation and seasonal change of food of the spade beetles in the natural forest area environment are analyzed, and a basis is provided for the screening and proportioning of the artificial feed strains.
1.2.1 experiment 2 analysis experiment of muscle nutrient content of larva of spade beetle
The muscle nutrient components of the larva of the spade beetle are analyzed (crude fat, crude egg and amino acid), and the obtained result is used as the basis for formulating the artificial feed formula of the larva of the spade beetle.
Measuring moisture: the moisture content of the muscle around the head shell of the 3 rd instar spade nail larva is measured by a direct drying method (refer to GB/T5009.3-2010). Measurement of crude protein: and calculating the mass of the crude protein by adopting a Kjeldahl method (refer to GB/T5009.5-2010). ③ measuring crude fat: soxhlet extraction was used (see GB/T5009.6-2003). Ash content determination: the method adopts a burning weighing method (refer to GB/T9695.18-2008).
1.3 analytical determination of indices
Experiment 1 spade beetle larva feeding analysis experiment
The types of food of the spade beetle larvae are listed, and the occurrence frequency and the total occurrence ratio of various types of food are listed.
Frequency of food appearance-the number of stomachs in the stomach and intestine where a certain food appears
Total ratio of food appearance ═ frequency of food appearance/number of anatomical stomachs (the empty stomach is not counted)
Experiment 2 analysis experiment of muscle nutrient components of larva of spade beetle
Crude protein content, crude fat content, moisture content, ash content in muscle.
2 conclusion
1. The larva of the spade beetle is a saprophagous animal, rotten wood rotten by fungus is used as food, and the strains mainly comprise: pleurotus ostreatus, Auricularia auricula and Coriolus versicolor. The difference of the eating seasons is not obvious.
2. Spade nail larva (taking spade nail as an example) has muscle with 3.8% of crude fat, 11.8% of crude protein, 81.3% of water and 3.1% of ash.
The muscle of the larva of the spade nail contains rich protein and fat, and the spade nail has special feeding property and can phagocytize the larva of the same small individual or other larvae, so the designed artificial feed in the experiment should select the proper inoculation type and require the ingredients to provide enough protein and nutrition so as to keep the normal growth of the larva of the spade nail.
Example 2: research on artificial feed for larva of onychomycosis
1 materials and methods
1.1 Experimental animals
Various spade beetle larvae for experiments are artificially bred in July laboratory of insects of Shanghai university and environmental science college, and the spade beetle larvae of 3 rd age at the early stage (L3) with similar weight, yellow head shell color, glossy body surface and strong vitality are selected.
1.2 Experimental methods
1.2.1 preparation of inoculum cut-log feed
The first-class strains of Pleurotus ostreatus, Auricularia auricula and Coriolus versicolor are provided by the Union edible fungus promotion center, and the fermented sawdust is provided by the Internet shop (the family of the Dujiao Xian). Culture material raw materials: short wood sections, raw wood chips, silkworm chrysalis meal, cane sugar, wheat bran and medical gypsum are used as main raw materials, and the raw materials can be purchased from the market.
The preparation process of the inoculated cut-log feed comprises the following steps: in winter, selecting 7-10 years old poplar with thickness of about 10cm, removing twigs and cutting into 20cm sections. And (4) inoculating the artificially cultured hypha onto the wood sections, and carrying out fungus growth for 60 days for use.
The artificial feed processing technology comprises the following steps: the expected amount of each feed prepared per time was 5 kg. Calculating the required amount of various raw materials according to the formula; weighing the raw materials according to the formula amount, gradually adding samples according to the principle of gradual amplification, fully mixing, mixing uniformly, adding water for modulation, subpackaging into 1.1L edible fungus cultivation bottles, then performing high-temperature sterilization (121 ℃, 30min), cooling the culture material, inoculating a first-level strain of the inoculation strain type required by the experiment, and performing spawn running for 45 days.
1.2.2 experiment 1 screening of artificial feed inoculation species of larva of spade beetle
Experimental group 1 (lateral ear group): selecting 60 pleurotus ostreatus inoculation log with excellent and uniform thickness, and 5 healthy spade nails, abdomen-pointing spade nails, yellow line saw spade nails, Kong-Fu saw spade nails, Chinese spade nails and Anda big spade nails for larvae of the 3 rd age; punching a hole with the diameter of about 2cm and the depth of 4cm in the center of the cross section of the inoculation log, weighing larvae, putting the larvae into the hole which is punched in advance, and sticking a label to the larvae.
Experimental group 2 (wood chip group): fermented sawdust with the largest domestic sales amount at present and 5 healthy spade nails, abdomen spade nails, yellow line saw spade nails, hole-couple saw spade nails, Chinese big spade nails and Anda big spade nails of 3 rd instar larvae are used respectively; pressing fermented sawdust into 2L packing box, punching a hole with diameter of about 2cm and depth of 4cm at the center, weighing larva, placing into the hole, and sticking label.
Experimental group 3 (coriolus versicolor group): the experimental group 1 was used except that 60 Yunzhi inoculated strain log with excellent fungi-walking property and uniform thickness was used.
Experimental group 4 (auricularia group): the experimental group 1 was used except that 60 pieces of the agaric inoculated wood with excellent fungi-feeding property and uniform thickness were used.
The method comprises the following steps: the inoculated log of 4 experimental groups was placed in a worm house, and the temperature was controlled at 24 ℃. And digging the inoculated fungus log every 30 days, and taking out the larva of the spade A for weight measurement and recording. After recording, the larvae were replaced in the same inoculum log and measured again after 30 days. The gravimetric test is performed a total of 4 times (over 120 days) and is not performed, waiting for the larvae to pupate. Until the adult eclosion, adult body length was measured and recorded.
1.2.3 experiment 2 selection of culture material proportion of artificial feed for larva of spade beetle
Five experimental formulas for gradient wheat bran addition are designed, 120-day comparison experiments are carried out, and the optimal addition concentration is screened out through mathematical statistics of experimental results; and observing the growth condition of the larva of the spade beetle to carry out comprehensive analysis.
The formulation is shown in Table 1. According to the proportion of culture materials for cultivating edible fungi and the feeding property of the larva of the spade beetle and by combining the results obtained in the experiment 1, the following five nutrition levels of experiment feed formulas are designed by utilizing a gradient successive subtraction method.
TABLE 1 culture material formula of artificial feed for larva of spade beetle
According to the correct proportion of each component in the formula, the weighing is accurate, the wood chips, the bran and the medical gypsum powder are uniformly mixed, then the cane sugar water is uniformly filled into the material, the water content is replenished to 60%, and after the material mixing process is finished, the material is immediately bottled (1.1L wide-mouth fungus bottle). And (4) placing the bacteria bottles filled with the materials into an autoclave, and then carrying out sterilization operation. Maintaining for 10 hr after the temperature reaches 100 deg.C, opening the pot cover when the fog disappears at the exhaust outlet, taking out the bacteria bottle, and sending into a cooling chamber. After the bottles cooled to room temperature, they were inoculated in a clean bench. And (4) sending the inoculated bacteria bottles into a culture room, wherein the temperature of the culture room is 25 ℃, and culturing for about 60 days to obtain the strain bottles for experiments.
1.2.4 experiment 3 comparative feeding experiment of artificial feed for larva of spade beetle added with silkworm chrysalis powder
Designing 3 experimental formulas for gradient addition of silkworm chrysalis powder, taking an experimental group with the optimal formula obtained in the experiment 2 as a blank control, carrying out a 120-day comparison experiment, and screening the optimal addition concentration according to mathematical statistics of experimental results; and observing the growth condition of the larva of the spade beetle to carry out comprehensive analysis.
The formulation is shown in Table 2. According to the optimal inoculation variety obtained in the experiment 1 and the optimal culture material ratio obtained in the experiment 2, and the special character that the larva of the spade beetle has certain meat eating quality, the following three nutrition level experimental feed formulas are designed.
Table 2 formula of artificial feed additive silkworm chrysalis meal for larva of onychomycosis
See experiment 2 for the procedure for making the flasks.
1.3 analytical determination of indices
1.3.1 Performance testing of self-made Artificial feed
10 parts of artificial feed for the larva of the spade beetle of each formula are placed at 24 ℃ to record the bacteria removal completion time. Then, the artificial feed for the spade beetle larvae of each formula was placed in a non-sterile room and the time until the larvae became mildewed was recorded at normal temperature, and the average time for the mildewing was counted.
The mildew time is as follows: 10 parts of artificial feed for the larva of the onychomycosis larva at normal temperature, the time required for the larva to go mouldy or deteriorate is taken as a survey index
And (3) bacterium walking time: 10 parts of artificial feed for larva of onychomycosis spade, at 24 deg.C, the average time required for growth completion in 1.1L bacteria bottle is used as index for investigation
The nutritional indexes of the feed are as follows: determining actual nutrient content (crude fat, crude egg) of the feed
1.3.2 determination of growth index in feeding experiments
Average larval weight gain [ [ (end average individual weight-initial average individual weight of experiment)/(initial average individual weight of experiment/4) ]. ] 100
Larva mortality [ (% of experimental terminal imago eclosion number-experimental initial larva number)/experimental initial larva number ]. 100
1.4 results and analysis
1.4.1 screening of bacterial species inoculated by artificial feed for larva of spade beetle
The weight gain, the weight gain rate, the mortality rate and the length of the adult insects after emergence of the larva of the spade beetles by the cut-log feed and the fermented sawdust feed of different inoculants are shown in tables 3 to 5. The analysis of each nutrient component in the cut-log feed and the fermented wood chip feed of different inoculum is shown in Table 6. Male larva of spade first is with the earlier stage that various log fodder and fermentation saw-dust fodder were raised, and larva growth rate phase difference is almost no, and the later stage obviously feeds the male larva growth rate of eating rainbow conk log fodder all obviously to be greater than other three groups, and saw-dust group weight growth rate is slowest, and the male larva growth rate of spade first of edible fungus group is slower than the side ear group, and the male adult somatic body of spade first after the eclosion is long: the coriolus versicolor group, the lateral ear group, the agaric group and the sawdust group; female larva of panus flat nail has had obvious difference from earlier stage with various log fodder and fermentation saw-dust fodder feeding, wherein the larva growth rate in the coriolus versicolor group is the fastest, secondly is the oyster mushroom group, and the oyster flat nail female larva weight growth rate in the oyster mushroom group than the saw-dust group is slightly fast, and the female adult somatic length of panus flat nail after eclosion: coriolus versicolor group, lateral ear group, agaric group and sawdust group. The weight difference of male larva of acupunctate concha in coriolus versicolor group and lateral ear group is not big and slightly higher than that of auricle group, but larva weight gain of auricle group is slowest, and the later stage of raising, the male larva growth rate of acupunctate concha in coriolus versicolor group is higher than other three groups, and the male larva of acupunctate concha in the auricle group appears because of refusing food and individual death in the later stage of growth and development. Male adult length of aphrodite spade beetle after emergence: the coriolus versicolor group, the lateral ear group, the shiitake mushroom group and the agaric group; the weight of female larva of jia of point abdomen is slightly less than other three groups in the wood chip group in the early stage of raising, and in the later stage of raising, the larva in the coriolus versicolor group is gained weight more fast, and the wood chip group is slowest, and the larva in other two log fodder experimental groups is gained weight difference not much, and the larva in the group of only the lateral ear is slightly heavy, and the female adult of jia of point abdomen is grown after eclosion: coriolus versicolor group > lateral ear group ≈ agaric group > sawdust group. The male larvae of the yellow vein saw beetles are fed in each group of section wood feed and fermented wood chip feed until 120 days, the weight gain rate is different, but the weight gain rate is not obvious, and the male adults of the yellow vein saw beetles grow after emergence: the lateral ear group is approximately equal to the coriolus versicolor group, and the sawdust group is approximately equal to the agaric group; the breeding weight gain rate of the female larva of the yellow vein sawing shovel beetle in each group of section wood feed and fermented wood chip feed is not large, the female adult of the yellow vein sawing shovel beetle after eclosion is long: the lateral ear group is approximately equal to the wood chip group and the coriolus versicolor group is greater than the agaric group. Male larvae of the chafer esculenta are fed with the coriolus versicolor cut-log feed in the early stage, the growth rate of the larvae is high and the larvae are continued to the later stage of growth and development of the larvae, the growth speed of the larvae in the lateral ear group and the auricularia auricula group is higher than that of the sawdust group, the weight of the larvae in the oyster ear group is slow, 1 larva has food refusal and dies, and the weight of the larvae in the sawdust group is slowest and 2 larvae has food refusal and dies; male adult length of foramen shiba after eclosion: the coriolus versicolor group, the lateral ear group, the agaric group and the sawdust group; female larvae of the first female fleshy beetles of the Kongfu beetles are fed by various section wood feeds and fermented wood chip feeds in the early stage, the growth speeds of the larvae fed by the section wood feeds are almost the same, only the wood chip groups are far inferior to other three groups, but the differences of the larvae in the later stage are obvious; female adult length of foramen saw spade after emergence: the lateral ear group is approximately equal to the coriolus versicolor group, the agaric group and the sawdust group. In the early growth and development stage of male larvae of the Chinese big spade beetle, the weight of the larvae in the lateral ear group is slightly higher than that of the larvae in the other three groups, the weight difference of the larvae in the other two groups of cut log feed is small, the weight of the larvae in the sawdust group is slowest, and 2 larvae are refused to eat and die, and the larvae in the coriolus versicolor group are slightly heavier than the larvae in the lateral ear group in the later growth and development stage; after eclosion, male adult bodies of Chinese big spade beetles grow: the coriolus versicolor group, the lateral ear group, the agaric group and the sawdust group; the growth condition of female larvae of the Chinese big spade beetle is similar to that of male larvae, but the weight of the female larvae in the lateral ear group and the coriolus versicolor group is slightly higher than that of the other two groups, only the female larvae of the sawdust group are lighter than that of the other three groups, 1 larva has food refusal and dies, and the female adults of the Chinese big spade beetle have a longer body after eclosion: the lateral ear group is approximately equal to the coriolus versicolor group and the agaric group > the sawdust group. The growth rate of the male larva of Anda big spade beetle in the earlier stage of raising is faster than other two sets of log fodder in the coriolus versicolor group, and the larva growth situation that other two sets of log fodder were raised is little, and the larva grows slowly and has many larvae to appear refusing food and die in the saw-dust group, the male larva growth rate that the later stage obviously fed the coriolus versicolor log fodder all is obviously greater than other three groups, and the side ear group is slightly faster than the larva weight growth rate of auricularia auriculajudae group larva and these two sets of raising later stages all have a small amount of larva to refuse food and die, the male larva of Anda big spade beetle in the saw-dust group grows at the slowest and larva refuses food and dies a lot more, the male adult length of Anda big spade beetle after eclosion: the coriolus versicolor group, the lateral ear group, the agaric group and the sawdust group; the growth condition of female larvae of Anda big spade beetles is similar to that of male larvae, the weight of the female larvae in the coriolus versicolor group is higher than that of the female larvae in the other three groups, the larvae are not cannibalistic and died, the female larvae of the sawdust group are slightly lighter than the larvae of the other two cut-log feed experimental groups, the 3 experimental groups have larvae which are cannibalistic and died, and the female adults of the Anda big spade beetles after eclosion are long: the lateral ear group is approximately equal to the coriolus versicolor group and the sawdust group is approximately equal to the agaric group. Therefore, under the experimental condition, the segmented wood feed inoculated with the coriolus versicolor has the best comprehensive effect.
TABLE 3 average weight of larvae of spade beetles of the experimental groups of different inoculum sections (unit: g)
TABLE 4 average body length (unit: mm) of beetle adults of different inoculum cut-log experimental groups
TABLE 5 larval mortality under different log feed rearing
TABLE 6 analysis of various nutritional ingredients in cut-log feeds of different inoculants
The measured values of the nutrition of the experimentally prepared log feed and the fermented wood chip feed of 3 different inoculum strains are shown in Table 5; the quality guarantee period of the log feed is longer than 2 months at normal temperature, but the quality guarantee period can be prolonged only after the fermented wood chip feed is dried due to the fact that nematodes easily grow on the fermented wood chip feed. The fermented sawdust feed has lower fat and protein contents, and the nutrient components required by the larva of the spade beetle are slightly insufficient compared with the cut-log feed. The pleurotus ostreatus feed has higher water content, white color and loose texture, and sporophores are easy to grow out in the later period of the pleurotus ostreatus and agaric seclude feed, so that the nutrient in the culture material is consumed quickly. The coriolus versicolor log feed has the advantages of high protein and oil content, dark apparent color, hard texture and fine surface texture, fruiting bodies are not easy to grow out of the coriolus versicolor log feed, and nutrient consumption in culture materials is much slower than that of other two kinds of log feeds.
1.4.2 selection of culture material proportion of artificial feed for larva of spade beetle
The weight gain and weight gain rate of different artificial feed for the larva of spade beetle and the length of the adult larva after eclosion are shown in tables 6 and 7. In the early stage of feeding male larva of the spade beetle by using different formula feeds, the larva growth speed is obvious, the weight gain of the male larva of the spade beetle eating the formula 1, the formula 2 and the formula 3 is obviously lower than that of the larva eating the formula 4 and the formula 5, in the later stage of feeding, the weight gain rate of the male larva of the spade beetle still follows the early stage growth rule and has more obvious difference, and certain individuals die due to food refusal in the feeding process of the male larva of the spade beetle in the formula feeds 1 and 2; body growth of male adult spade beetles after eclosion: the formula 1 is more than the formula 2 and more than the formula 3 and more than the formula 4 are approximately equal to the formula 5; in the whole process, the weight gain of the female larva of the spade beetle eating the feed of the formula 1 and the feed of the female larva of the spade beetle eating the feed of the formula 2 is obviously lower than that of the larva of the eating formula 3, 4 and 5; after emergence, the bodies of the female beetle larvae grow: the formula 1 is approximately equal to the formula 2, the formula 3 is approximately equal to the formula 4, and the formula 5 is approximately equal to the formula 4; under the condition of feeding with different formula feeds, the weight gain rate of male larvae of the pangolin beetles eating the feeds of the formula 1 and the formula 2 is almost the same and slightly lower than that of male larvae eating the feed of the formula 3, but is obviously lower than that of larvae eating the feeds of the formula 4 and the formula 5, the weight gains of the two groups are not different, and some individuals in the formula feeds 1, 2 and 3 die due to food refusal in the feeding process; male adult length of aphrodite spade beetle after emergence: the formula 1 is approximately equal to the formula 2, the formula 3 is more than the formula 4, and the formula 5 is approximately equal to the formula 4; the weight gain of the female larva of the Jian-belly spade beetle in the edible formula 1 and the edible formula 2 is obviously lower than that of the larva in the edible formula 3, 4 and 5; the female larvae of the Hedera acuta in the formula feeds 1 and 2 die due to food refusal in the early stage of feeding; after emergence, the female adult bodies of the acromegala cunea grow: the formula 1 is approximately equal to the formula 2, the formula 3 is approximately equal to the formula 4, and the formula 5 is approximately equal to the formula 4; the weight of male larvae of yellow vein saw spade beetle is not big in the early stage of feeding with feeds with different formulas, but in the later stage, the weight gain rate of male larvae of yellow vein saw spade beetle eating the feeds of formulas 1, 2 and 3 is almost the same and lower than that of male larvae eating the feeds of formulas 4 and 5; male adult length of yellow vein saw spade beetle after eclosion: the formula 1 is approximately equal to the formula 2, the formula 3 is approximately equal to the formula 4, and the formula 5 is approximately equal to the formula 4; the weight gain of female larvae of the yellow vein saw beetles fed by the feed in the formula 1 and the formula 2 is slightly lower than that of the larvae fed by the feed in the formula 3, and is obviously lower than that of the larvae fed by the feed in the formula 4 and the formula 5, and the female larvae of the yellow vein saw beetles fed by the feed in the formula 4 gain the fastest weight gain in the feed in the formula 5; the yellow line saw spade beetle female imagoes after eclosion grow: the formula 1 is approximately equal to the formula 2, the formula 3 is more than the formula 4, and the formula 5 is more than the formula 4; compared with the feeds of the formula 4 and the formula 5, the feed of the formula 4 has similar weight gain rate of male larvae of the yellow vein saw beetles raised by the feed of the rainbow conk log, and the weight gain rate of female larvae of the yellow vein saw beetles raised by the formula 4 is higher than that of the feeds of the rainbow conk log. The weight gain rate of male larvae of the Kongfu saw spade beetles eating the formula 1 is slightly lower than that of male larvae of the Kongfu saw spade beetles eating the formula 2, the weight gain rate of male larvae of the Kongfu saw spade beetles eating the formula 5 is slightly lower than that of male larvae of the Kongfu saw spade beetles eating the formula 4, the male larvae of the Kongfu saw spade beetles fed with the formula 4 grow fastest, and a large amount of male larvae of the Kongfu saw spade beetles in the formula 1, 2 and 3 die due to food refusal in the feeding process; male adult length of foramen shiba after eclosion: the formula 1 is more than the formula 2, more than the formula 3, more than the formula 4 and more than the formula 5; the weight gain rate of female larva of the chafer beetle which eats the feed of the formula 1 and the formula 2 is slightly lower than that of the larva which eats the formula 3, and the weight gain rate of the feed of the formula 4 and the formula 5 is the highest; formula 1 and 2 female larvae of Mucuna koenigii died due to food refusal in the early stage of feeding; female adult length of foramen saw spade after emergence: the formula 1 is approximately equal to the formula 2, the formula 3 is more than the formula 4, and the formula 5 is approximately equal to the formula 4; the feed of formula 4 has a slightly higher rate of male larva weight gain than that of male larva of Kongfu saw spade A raised by Yunzhi log feed, compared with Yunzhi log feed, the feed of formula 5 has almost the same rate of male larva weight gain as that of male larva of Kongfu saw spade A raised by Yunzhi log feed, and the rest 3 groups are all lower than that of Yunzhi log feed. The weight gain rate of male larvae of the large Chinese spade beetles eating the feed of the formula 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 is arranged in a step shape from small to large, while the weight gain rate of male larvae of the large Chinese spade beetles eating the feed of the formula 5 is not much different from that of male larvae of the large Chinese spade beetles eating the feed of the formula 4, only 1 larva of male larvae of the large Chinese spade beetles eating the feed of the formula 1 are hatched during the feeding process due to food refusal death, and the male larvae of the large Chinese spade beetles eating the feed of the formula 2 and 3 are slightly dead due to food refusal; after eclosion, male adult bodies of Chinese big spade beetles grow: the formula 1 is more than the formula 2 and more than the formula 3 and more than the formula 4 are approximately equal to the formula 5; the weight gain rate of the feed for the female larva of the Chinese spade beetle to eat the formula 1 and the formula 2 is lower than that of the larva to eat the feed of the formula 3, 4 and 5; in the formula feed 1, 2 and 3, female larvae of Chinese spade beetles die due to food refusal in the early feeding period; after eclosion, the female adult of the Chinese big spade beetle grows: the formula 1 is approximately equal to the formula 2, the formula 3 is approximately equal to the formula 4, and the formula 5 is approximately equal to the formula 4; compared with the feeds fed by the rainbow conk log feeds, the feed of formulas 4 and 5 has the weight gain rate of male larvae of Chinese spade beetles slightly higher than that of larvae fed by the rainbow conk log feeds, the rest 3 groups are lower than the rainbow conk log feeds, and the weight gain rate of female larvae of Chinese spade beetles fed by the feeds of formulas 4 and 5 is almost equal to that of larvae fed by the rainbow conk log feeds. Male larvae of Anda spade beetles eating the feed of the formula 1 and the feed of the formula 2 drop weight in the early stage until death, while male larvae of Anda spade beetles eating the feed of the formula 3 have a greatly different weight gain rate and die in a large amount in the later stage of feeding than male larvae of Anda spade beetles eating the feed of the formula 4 and the feed of the formula 5, and only one example of antifeedant death occurs in the feed of the formula 4; adult male adult Anta da after emergence: the formula 3 is more than the formula 4 and is approximately equal to the formula 5; the weight gain rate of the feed for eating the female larvae of Anda spade beetles in the formula 1, 2 and 3 is obviously lower than that of the larvae of the feed for eating the formula 4 and 5, and the weight gain rate of the female larvae is the maximum when the feed for the formula 5 is fed; in the formula feed 1, 2 and 3, the female larvae of Anthoides androsaceus die due to food refusal in the early stage of feeding, and the number of the female larvae of Anthoides androsaceus in the formula feed 1 and 2 is the most; after emergence, the bodies of the female adult Anthoides A are long: the formula 1 is approximately equal to the formula 2, the formula 3, the formula 4 and the formula 5; compared with the feed for the rainbow conk cut-log, the feed for the formulas 4 and 5 has a little difference in the weight gain rate of the larva of the Anda spade A under the feeding of the rainbow conk cut-log, and the rest 3 groups are obviously lower than the feed for the rainbow conk cut-log. Thus, formulations 4 and 5 were the best combined in this experiment.
TABLE 6 weight of spade beetle larvae in the experimental groups of different formulations (unit: g)
TABLE 7 average length of adults (unit: mm) raised in experimental groups of different formulations
TABLE 8 mortality of larvae raised in experimental groups of different formulations
TABLE 9 Artificial feed Properties for the experimental groups of different formulations
1.4.3 contrast feeding experiment of artificial feed for larva of spade beetle added with silkworm chrysalis powder
At the initial stage of the experiment, the weight of the larva of the spade beetle in each experimental group is not obviously increased; with the extension of the breeding period, the weight of male larvae of the spades A of each experimental group is obviously increased, and some individuals die; female larvae also vary in body weight, but generally less than males. In the early stage of feeding male larva of the spade beetle by using feeds with different silkworm chrysalis powder proportions, the growth speed of the larva is obviously different, the weight gain of the male larva of the spade beetle of the feed with the silkworm chrysalis powder formula I is obviously higher than that of the larva of the edible formulas II and III, in the later stage of feeding, the weight gain rate of the male larva of the spade beetle still follows the early stage growth rule and has more obvious difference, and certain individuals die due to fungus-coated feed or refusal of other factors in the feeding process of the male larva of the spade beetle in the feed formula III; body growth of male adult spade beetles after eclosion: formula I, formula II, formula III; in the whole process, the weight gain of female larva of the spade beetle fed with the formula I is obviously higher than that of the larva fed with the formulas II and III, the larva fed with the formulas II and III in the early stage has little difference, but has a certain difference in the later stage, the weight of the female larva of the spade beetle fed with the formula II is slightly heavier than that of the female larva fed with the formula III, and the female larva of the spade beetle after eclosion is dead due to food refusal: formula I > formula II > formula III. Under the condition of feeding with silkworm chrysalis meal formula feeds with different concentrations, male larvae of the Platyda acutangula in the feed formulas I, II and III have almost the same weight gain rate in the early growth stage and the weight gain of the 3 groups is not greatly different, the larvae in the formulas II and III in the later stage have individual death phenomenon caused by mildew of the feeds, and the weight gain of the larvae fed by the formulas II and III is slowed down; male adult length of aphrodite spade beetle after emergence: formula I, formula II, formula III; the weight gain speed of female larva of the Jian-Fu spade A is similar to that of the male larva, and the difference is that the larva in the formula I and the larva in the formula II are fed in a later period with little difference; the female larva of the medium abdomen spade beetle in the formula II and the formula III die due to food refusal in the later feeding period; after emergence, the female adult bodies of the acromegala cunea grow: formula I is approximately equal to formula II and formula III; during the period that male larvae of yellow vein saw spade beetle are fed with silkworm chrysalis meal formula feeds with different adding concentrations, the weight of the larvae is not large enough all the time, the dead individual condition of food refusal does not occur, and the male adults of the yellow vein saw spade beetle after eclosion have long bodies: formula I is approximately equal to formula II is approximately equal to formula III; the female larva of the yellow line sawing spade beetle is similar to the male larva in the feeding period by the silkworm chrysalis meal formula feed with different adding concentrations, the weight gain of the larva in each experimental group is almost the same, and the female adult of the yellow line sawing spade beetle after eclosion is long: formula I is approximately equal to formula II is approximately equal to formula III. The weight gain of male larvae of the chafer beetle in the silkworm chrysalis meal formula 1 is obviously higher than that of larvae in the formulas II and III in the feed of the formula 2, the weight gain rate of the male larvae of the chafer beetle is still following the earlier stage growth rule and has more obvious difference in the later stage of feeding, and certain individuals die due to fungus bag feed mildew or food refusal of other factors in the male larvae of the chafer beetle in the formula feed III; male adult length of foramen shiba after eclosion: formula I, formula II, formula III; in the whole process, the weight gain of female larva of the chafer beetle fed by the formula I is obviously lower than that of the larva fed by the formulas II and III, the larva fed by the formulas II and III in the early stage is not greatly different, but has a certain difference in the later stage, the weight of the female larva in the formula II is slightly heavier than that of the female larva in the formula III, and a certain larva dies due to food refusal, and the female larva of the chafer beetle after eclosion grows: formula I > formula II > formula III. Under the condition of feeding with silkworm chrysalis meal formula feeds with different concentrations, the weight gain rates of male larvae of Chinese spade beetles in feed formulas I, II and III in the early growth stage are almost the same, the weight gain difference of the 3 groups is small, the larvae in later formulas II and III have the phenomenon of individual death due to feed mildew, the later-stage weight gain of the larvae fed by formulas II and III is slowed down, and the weight difference of the two groups of larvae is small; after eclosion, male adult bodies of Chinese big spade beetles grow: formula I > formula II is approximately equal to formula III; the weight gain speed of female larva of the onychomycosis acutangula is similar to that of male larva, and a small amount of female larva of the onychomycosis acutangula in formula II and formula III die due to food refusal in the later feeding period; after emergence, the female adult bodies of the acromegala cunea grow: formula I > formula II ≈ formula III. In the early stage of feeding male larvae of Anda spade beetles by using feeds with different silkworm chrysalis meal proportions, the growth speed of the larvae is obvious, the weight gain of male larvae of Anda spade beetles in the feed of the silkworm chrysalis meal formula I is far higher than that of larvae eating the feeds of the formulas II and III, in the later stage of feeding, the weight gain rate of male larvae of Anda spade beetles in the feed of the formula I is more obvious and has huge difference with the feeds of the formulas II and III, each group has individual larvae dead due to food refusal, but certain individuals die due to mildew of the feed wrapped by fungi or food refusal of other factors in the feeding process of male larvae of Anda spade beetles in the feeds of the formulas II and III; adult male adult Anta da after emergence: formula I, formula II, formula III; in the whole process, the early-stage effect of feeding the feed of the formula I by the female Anda beetles is compared with that of the other two groups, the effect is not obvious, the later-stage weight gain is faster than that of the other two groups, the weight difference of the female Anda beetle larvae fed by the formula II and the formula III is not large, certain individuals die due to mildew of the feed in the fungus bags or refusal of feeding by other factors in the formula II and the formula III, and the female adult of the Anda beetles after eclosion grows up: formula I > formula II > formula III. Therefore, in the experiment, the comprehensive effect of the silkworm chrysalis powder formula I feed is optimal.
TABLE 10 weight of spade beetle larvae in the experimental groups of different formulations (unit: g)
TABLE 11 average length of adults (unit: mm) raised in experimental groups of different formulations
TABLE 12 mortality of larvae fed to experimental groups of different formulations
TABLE 13 Artificial feed Properties for the experimental groups of different formulations
3.3 discussion
3.3.1 Effect of inoculum species on feeding of spade beetle larvae
According to the characteristics of the feeding property of the larva of the spade beetle, the larva belongs to rotten wood which is rotten and likes fungus to rot, and has certain preference on animal protein, so that pleurotus ostreatus, coriolus versicolor and agaric which are common in the market are selected as inoculation bacteria, and common fermented sawdust is used as a control group. The experimental results show that the food intake of various spade beetle larvae is larger and the growth is faster in the experimental group inoculated with the coriolus versicolor. And the hypha of the segmented wood inoculated with the coriolus versicolor is not easy to age, the shelf life is also long, and the hypha is similar to that of other feeds, namely the segmented wood feed inoculated with the coriolus versicolor is not easy to age in the air, and nutrient components are not easy to dissipate, which may be one of the reasons for the high growth rate of the experimental group of the segmented wood feed inoculated with the coriolus versicolor. The pleurotus ostreatus feed is quick in mushroom growth, fast in decomposition of the wood sections and easy in loss of nutrient components, so that large spade beetle larvae such as Anda spade beetles grow slowly to the later stage of three ages and even die a little. The palatability of the wood fodder is poor for some spade beetles, probably because the wood fodder contains a small amount of porphyrin, and the substance can be a main reason for the death of larva of spade beetles after refusing to eat. The fermented sawdust has the worst palatability and the lowest nutrient content, and is formed by aerobic fermentation of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria, the fermentation degree is unstable and uncontrollable, so that the larva of the spade beetle is easily hindered to develop or die in an unstable food material environment.
Meanwhile, some spade beetle larvae have low feeding property and large size, such as Anda spade beetles. The inoculation bacteria of the inoculated log feed is not suitable for the larva of the spade beetle to eat, a large amount of food refusal phenomenon is found in the feeding process, and when the larva of the Anda spade beetle is fed by fermented sawdust with low nutrition, a large amount of male larva dies due to food refusal. Meanwhile, the experimental observation shows that except for the larva of male beetle which is fed with the Kongfu saw spade fed with the coriolus versicolor cut-log feed, other larva have food refusal behavior in the later stage, and the individual is thin and weak, even dies, and the adult individual is generally smaller after eclosion. The weight increase difference of various spade nail larvae of the pleurotus ostreatus group and the shiitake mushroom group is small, the length difference of adults is small, only two types of yellow saw spade nails and Chinese big spade nails are slightly different from the coriolus versicolor group, and the growth conditions of other types of spade nails are poor. Therefore, according to the food habits of various spade nails, the yellow-grain saw spade and the Chinese spade nail with wider food habits can be inferred to be suitable for 3 groups of section wood feeds, and the Anga spade nail and the Kongfu spade nail with less food habits and larger body sizes are particularly prominent in experiments, thereby further explaining the importance of strain selection.
3.3.2 influence of different Nutrition levels of cut-log feed of different inoculum on growth of larva of Hedgehog beetle
The experimental result shows that the inoculated section wood feed and the fermented sawdust feed have comprehensive effects on the growth of various spade beetle larvae: the Chinese herbal medicines comprise coriolus versicolor cut-log feed, agaric cut-log feed, and fermented wood chip feed. The inoculated coriolus versicolor is superior to other strains, namely the nutrition level is 11.8 percent of crude protein, and the crude fat is 3.8 percent of the best inoculated strain variety screened in the experiment.
3.3.3 discussion of Artificial feed ingredient selection for larva of spade beetle
The ingredients of the artificial feed for the larva of the onychomycosis larva are selected according to factors such as life habits, feeding modes, nutritional requirements and the like of the larva of the onychomycosis larva and according to the principles of convenient sources, proper feed nutrition proportion, proper cost and stable quality.
Among the ingredients of the feed, wood chips are one of the basic ingredients of artificial feed for the spade beetles, are one of the main sources of carbon sources for the growth of fungi and are also one of the main nutrient sources of larva of the spade beetles. The palatability of the larvae to the artificial feed and the body length of the adults can be greatly improved within a certain range (90-95%). However, the nutrition of the raw wood chips is that the larva of the spade nail can not digest and absorb, but is decomposed by hyphae and is digested by the flora in the intestinal tract of the larva of the spade nail again, and finally the larva can absorb and utilize the nutrition. The bacterial species, the degree of hyphal development and the wood chips interact and affect the larvae extremely complex.
Wheat bran is rich in nutrients, protein and vitamins, so that wheat bran is widely used as a culture material for various edible fungi. In the artificial feed culture of spade first larva, the wheat bran is the composition that makes the hypha grow indispensable, but too high wheat bran interpolation proportion makes spade first larva refuse to eat easily, and too low wheat bran interpolation proportion lets the hypha grow extremely slowly again easily, so the wheat bran must have better ratio with living wood bits, just can reach spade first larva's palatable degree (3 ~ 8%). The wheat bran is convenient to obtain, low in price and economical in dosage.
The artificial feed is added with sugar, not for eating larva of the spade beetle, but for providing carbon source and necessary growth factors for the fungus. The larva of the stag beetle is digested by intestinal bacteria and then absorbs sugar in food materials, the sugar is monosaccharide which cannot be directly absorbed in the food materials, and the sugar is an essential element for bacteria to form nucleic acid, protein, polysaccharide and the like in fungal cells, so that the sugar can enable mycelium to form high-quality hypha.
In the artificial feed formula for the larva of the spade beetle, the medical gypsum plays a role in buffering the pH value, can continuously neutralize organic acid generated by metabolism in the fungus growth process, adjust the pH value in the feed of the spade beetle and stabilize the pH value of a hypha growth environment in the feed formula within a certain range. In the mixture ratio, the addition amount of the medical gypsum is 1 percent, and the medical gypsum cannot be excessively added, because the calcium sulfate has certain toxicity to spade beetle larvae. The gypsum added in the formula of the common edible fungi generally has many impurities and may contain toxic substances, but plays a great role in the growth of the fungi, so that the medical gypsum is selected instead of the gypsum special for the edible fungi.
Because the larva of the spade nail has the habit of eating the same species with weak bodies or other larvae through mutual silkworms, the silkworm chrysalis meal becomes one of the basic components of the artificial feed for the larva of the spade nail and is the main source of protein of the larva of the spade nail. Within a certain range (2 percent), the weight of the larva of the spade beetle can be greatly increased, and the body length of the adult beetle is improved. It can meet the requirement of larva on B vitamins, provide rich protein, inorganic salt, carbohydrate, etc. and make silkworm chrysalis powder possess stout hypha and is convenient for eating larva of spade nail. However, the excessive silkworm chrysalis powder is added, so that the palatability of the artificial feed is obviously reduced, and the shelf life of the artificial feed is greatly shortened.
3.3.4 Effect of different formula feeds on feeding and growth of larva of Hedgehog beetle
Compared with natural rotten wood or inoculated cut-log feed, the palatability of the artificial formula feed is one of the most critical factors for the development of the artificial feed for the spade beetles. The experimental result shows that the palatability of the artificial formula feed is directly influenced by the proportion of the wheat bran and the wood dust. Through 3 used spade first meticulous observations of 6 kinds of difference spade first larvae and the contrast of the coriolus versicolor log fodder circumstances of raising to the experiment, discovery wheat bran content reduces gradually, and spade first is got and is eaten and more tends to normally, and even after the wheat bran surpassed certain ratio, be fatal place to certain kind spade first, if: in the experiment of feeding male larvae of Anda spade beetles, the larvae have severe food refusal behavior in the early stage in two groups with the wheat bran content of 18-23%, the weight is not increased or decreased, and finally all the larvae die due to food refusal. Also, by comparing the results of the other groups, it was found that when the wheat bran content was reduced below 8%, the spades were fed normally and the mortality rate approached zero.
However, the reduction of the wheat bran content directly influences the fungus running time and the success rate of preparing the formula feed, when the wheat bran content is 3%, the fungus running time is 37 days averagely, the failure rate of the prepared fungus bottles is more than 50%, and the palatability and the experimental group with the wheat bran content of 8% are not different. Therefore, the wood chips and the wheat bran with the mixture ratio of 90 percent and 8 percent respectively are selected as the basis of further experiments in comprehensive consideration.
3.3.5 influence of formula feed with different addition concentrations of silkworm pupa powder on feeding and growth of larva of Hedgehog beetle
According to the different additive concentration's of silkworm chrysalis powder compound feed to the influence result analysis of three growth performance of spade first larva weight, larva growth rate and adult length, contrast formula fodder 4 th group simultaneously can know, and when silkworm chrysalis powder additive concentration was 2%, spade first larva growth effect was the best. When the weight gain is lower than the range, the weight gain rate is improved along with the addition of the silkworm chrysalis powder; above 4% the effect is not satisfactory. The growth performance of the larvae is correspondingly improved along with the improvement of the protein level and the food calling performance caused by the increase of the silkworm chrysalis meal in a certain range; however, the nutrition balance of the artificial compound feed is gradually changed along with the continuous addition of the single protein source such as the silkworm chrysalis meal, when a certain value is exceeded, the nutrition balance is broken, excessive nutrient substances become a trigger for the generation of the mold or become redundant energy consumption, and the growth rate of the larva of the spade beetle is reduced or the larva of the spade beetle is dead.
For small spade nails, such as: the yellow line saw spade nail is not added with silkworm chrysalis powder, so that the weight gain rate of the larva is obviously improved, and the growth of the adult larva is not obviously changed, probably because the larva of the small spade nail needs less nutrient substances and has wider eating habits. But for large spade nails, such as: the addition of a certain amount of silkworm chrysalis powder not only obviously increases the weight gain rate of the larva, but also obviously improves the growth of the male adult. Therefore, the adding proportion of the silkworm chrysalis powder can be adjusted according to the types of the larva of the spade nails, and the best value of the adding amount of the silkworm chrysalis powder is 2 percent when the artificial feed is used as a conventional artificial feed for the spade nails.
3.4 conclusion
According to research on the aspect of the spade beetle larva nutrition biology, spade beetle larva samples in the Shanghai, Lin-an, Guangxi and other regions are respectively collected in each season for food habit analysis, and the results show that the spade beetle larvae are predatory animals, rotten wood which is favored by edible fungus, coriolus versicolor and other funguses to rot. The inoculated cut wood is used as the basis of the feed for breeding instead of the field rotten wood, and the fermented wood chips are used as a control group. Screening strains of artificial feed by using 6 species of the 3 genus Dermata spades, and screening Coriolus versicolor (Coriolus versicolor) which has the best palatability to the Dermata spades and obvious larva weight gain from 3 representative strains (Pleurotus ostreatus, Auricularia auricula and Coriolus versicolor) as the best inoculation strain of the artificial feed for the Dermata spades. And then, based on the traditional planting proportion of the coriolus versicolor, the initial detection type experiment is carried out on the proportion of the artificial feed for the larva of the spade beetle. 6 kinds of spade first larva (totally 3 genera, every belong to 2 kinds, each 5 each female and male of every group) have designed 5 sets of prescription feeds respectively for the experiment altogether, and the inoculation basswood of above an experiment is the control group, has finally confirmed the batching proportion of planting that is applicable to saw-dust, wheat bran, sucrose, calcium sulfate and silkworm chrysalis powder in the spade first larva feed, promptly: 88% of wood chips, 8% of wheat bran, 1% of cane sugar, 1% of medical gypsum powder and 2% of silkworm chrysalis powder, and analysis is made on interaction of all factors, so that an ideal artificial feed for the larva of the spade beetle is finally invented.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the scope of the appended claims is to be accorded the full range of equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. The artificial feed for the larva of the onychomycosis larva is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 88% of raw wood chips, 8% of wheat bran, 1% of sucrose, 1% of medical gypsum powder and 2% of silkworm chrysalis powder; the preparation method of the artificial feed for the larva of the onychomycosis larva comprises the following steps: weighing according to the proportion of the formula, uniformly mixing raw sawdust, wheat bran, medical gypsum powder and silkworm chrysalis powder, uniformly filling cane sugar water into the material, supplementing water until the water content is 60%, and performing high-pressure sterilization after mixing; cooling to room temperature, inoculating corious versicolor with an inoculum size of 0.8-1cm3(ii) a Culturing at 25 deg.C for about 60 days after inoculation.
2. The method for preparing artificial feed for larva of onychomycosis according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: weighing according to the proportion of the formula, uniformly mixing raw sawdust, wheat bran, medical gypsum powder and silkworm chrysalis powder, uniformly filling cane sugar water into the material, supplementing water until the water content is 60%, and performing high-pressure sterilization after mixing; cooling to room temperature, inoculating corious versicolor with an inoculum size of 0.8-1cm3(ii) a Culturing at 25 deg.C for about 60 days after inoculation.
3. Use of the artificial feed according to claim 1 for artificial breeding of larva of onychomycosis.
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