CN106203699A - A kind of Forecasting Methodology of the initial flow conductivity in coarse crack - Google Patents
A kind of Forecasting Methodology of the initial flow conductivity in coarse crack Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the Forecasting Methodology of the initial flow conductivity in a kind of coarse crack, including: (A) contacts with each other the matsurface of two equivalently-sized rock beams, forms one piece of centre model with coarse crack, the height h of sample plate；(B) utilize three-dimensional laser scanner respectively two matsurfaces in crack in step (A) to be scanned, obtain the three-dimensional data of matsurface；(C) utilize the three-dimensional data that obtains in the model height h in step (A) and step (B) calculate various location fracture aperture W (x, y)；(D) W (x, y) the average aperture in calculating crack obtained in step (C) is utilized(E) according to the W obtained in step (C), (x y), uses cube cladding process to calculate the fractal dimension D of fracture aperture；(F) utilize and step (D) and step (E) obtain
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the prediction side of the initial flow conductivity in a kind of coarse crack in the hydraulic fracturing process of petroleum works field
Method.
Background technology
Hydraulic fracturing technology is the important measures of Low permeable oil and gas reservoirs storey increase design.Fracturing is to utilize ground high-pressure pump
Group, pumps into fracturing fluid stratum to produce crack exceeding the discharge capacity of formation absorption ability, then proceedes to inject with proppant
The fracturing fluid of (sand grains), makes crack continue to extend and filling proppant wherein, when after fracturing fluid recovery (backflow), in strata pressure effect
Under, proppant plays the effect of supporting crack in crack, stops crack closure, thus is formed in the earth formation and have a fixed length
Degree, the sand packed fracture of permission fluid flowing.
Riverfrac treatment is a kind of form of fracturing, is widely used in the volume increase of the oil-gas reservoir such as tight sand, shale
In transformation.Its feature is to be added without proppant, only by pumping into low viscosity fracturing fluid, produces coarse crack in reservoir.By
Uneven in the fracture faces formed, even if being added without proppant, rat can also mutually support, and makes crack in Guan Bi
The effect of pressure is lower keeps certain opening degree, provides flow channel as fluid, reach to improve oil gas flox condition and
The purpose of well production increment.The flow conductivity in coarse crack is one of important indicator evaluating riverfrac treatment success or not, and first
Beginning flow conductivity is then to affect the key factor of fracture condudtiviy under formation condition.So, predict initial water conservancy diversion energy exactly
Power has important directive significance to fracturing parameter optimization.
Flow conductivity is to evaluate fluid index of fluid ability in coarse crack, and fracture condudtiviy is the highest, illustrates same
A kind of fluid mobility in crack is the best.Initial flow conductivity refer to crack not by clossing pressure effect, two split
Seam surface just contacts but flow conductivity under the state that the most mutually extrudes.
The fracture aperture i.e. stretching degree in crack, refers at same position, the difference of the height on upper and lower two surfaces, crack.By
Aperture in coarse crack is not the most equal, and various location fracture aperture difference is very big, the most generally uses not coordination
The arithmetic mean of instantaneous value (the average aperture in crack) putting place's fracture aperture describes the stretching degree that crack is overall.
Fractals are the geometry with irregular geometric shape as object of study, the degree of irregularity of geometric shape
Can be characterized by fractal dimension.According to the theory of fractals, the dimension of curved surface between the plane of two dimension and three-dimensional solid it
Between, i.e. fractal dimension is between 2～3.Fractal dimension is the biggest, shows curved surface more irregularly, and bending change is the most violent.Extensively adopt at present
Calculate the fractal dimension of curved surface with cube cladding process, the method is the computational methods on a kind of pure geometric meaning, result of calculation
Accurately and reliably.
The research of flow conductivity Forecasting Methodology initial for coarse crack at present, the work carried out both at home and abroad is still in starting
Stage, and existing achievement in research is the most unsatisfactory, on the one hand due in existing Forecasting Methodology partial parameters be difficult to directly
Connect measurement, it was predicted that the poor operability of method；On the other hand, if by Forecasting Methodology over-simplification, then meter can be greatly lowered
Calculate precision, it is difficult to meet production requirement.Therefore the research work of flow conductivity Forecasting Methodology initial to coarse crack is the most comprehensive,
Not accurate enough.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the Forecasting Methodology of the initial flow conductivity in a kind of coarse crack, the method principle can
Lean on, simple to operate, it is possible to provide foundation for fracturing parameter optimization, there is wide market prospect.
For reaching above technical purpose, the present invention provides techniques below scheme.
The present invention utilizes three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain the three-dimensional data of two matsurfaces in crack, and calculates crack not coordination
Put the aperture at place.Based on this, the average aperture in crack is calculatedWith two parameters of fractal dimension D.Final utilizationSet up with D
Play the Forecasting Methodology of the initial flow conductivity in coarse crack.
The Forecasting Methodology of the initial flow conductivity in a kind of coarse crack, comprises the following steps successively:
(A) rock sample is processed into cuboid rock beam, the matsurface of two equivalently-sized rock beams is contacted with each other, shape
Become one piece of centre with the model in coarse crack, the height h of sample plate.
(B) utilize three-dimensional laser scanner respectively two matsurfaces in crack in step (A) to be scanned, obtain coarse
The three-dimensional data in face.
(C) three-dimensional data obtained in the model height h in step (A) and step (B) is utilized to calculate various location
Fracture aperture W (x, y).
(D) W (x, y) the average aperture in calculating crack obtained in step (C) is utilized
(E) according to the W obtained in step (C), (x y), uses cube cladding process to calculate the fractal dimension D of fracture aperture.
(F) utilize and step (D) and step (E) obtainInitial flow conductivity F with the coarse crack of D calculating:
In formula: the initial flow conductivity in the coarse crack of F, D cm；
D fractal dimension, zero dimension；
The average aperture in crack, mm.
Obtaining the three-dimensional data of matsurface in described step (B) and have X, Y, Z tri-row, wherein row X and row Y is each on matsurface
The plane coordinates of point, row Z is the height value of matsurface each point.
In described step (C), if one, crack matsurface is a face, another matsurface is b face, splitting of various location
Seam aperture W (x, y) uses below equation to calculate:
W (x, y)=h-Za(x,y)-Zb(x,y)
In formula: W (x, y) fracture aperture of various location, mm；
H model height, mm；
Za(x, y) matsurface a is at plane coordinates (x, y) height value at place, mm；
Zb(x, y) matsurface b is at plane coordinates (x, y) height value at place, mm.
In described step (D),For the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of fracture aperture, below equation is used to calculate:
In formula:The average aperture in crack, mm；
W(xi,yj) x=x in cracki, y=yjThe aperture of point, mm；
NxIn X-direction, the number of scanning element；
NyIn Y direction, the number of scanning element.
In described step (E), fractal dimension employing cube cladding process calculating (Zhou Hongwei, thanks to peace,
Kwasniewskima. the cube cladding process [J] of rough surface fractal dimension calculation. friction journal, 2000,20 (6): 455～
459).Cube cladding process refers to that the cube using the different length of side covers matsurface, and wherein, the cubical length of side is deposited with number
In following relation:
N (δ)=c δ-D
LnN (δ)=lnc-Dln δ
In formula: the δ cube length of side, mm；
When N (δ) the cube length of side is δ, cover the cubical number needed for whole matsurface；
C constant；
D fractal dimension, zero dimension.
N (δ) uses following formula to calculate:
In formula: NxNumber along X-direction scanning element；
NyNumber along Y direction scanning element；
Ni,jCover (i, j) the cube number needed for individual local roughness face；
INT bracket function；
Max () takes max function；
Min () takes minimum value function；
W(xi,yj) x=x in cracki, y=yjThe aperture of point, mm；
Change cube number N (δ) needed for cube length of side δ, and calculating.Respectively δ and N (δ) is taken the logarithm, and draw
In coordinate diagram, it is established that the line relationship of ln δ and lnN (δ), the opposite number of straight slope is fractal dimension D.
In described step (F), the fit procedure of crack initial flow conductivity computing formula includes:
Result of study (A study of groundwater flow in jointed rock and according to Louis
its influence on the stability of rock masses[M].London:Imperial College of
Science and Technology, 1969), the cube of the flow conductivity in coarse crack aperture average to crack is directly proportional.
Due to the flexural deformation of flow channel, extra flow resistance, and water conservancy diversion energy can be produced when fluid flows in coarse crack
Power is inversely proportional to flow resistance, and fractal dimension D can be used to characterize the size of flow resistance.So, according to flow conductivity withAnd D
Variation tendency, drafted 4 kinds of model of fit in following table.Result shows, the surface fitting degree of experimental data is up to by model 4
0.92 (maximum is 1), therefore the empirical equation that selected model 4 calculates as initial flow conductivity, and obtain model by matching
In coefficient to be solved.
6 kinds of models surface fitting degree to 50 pairs of rock beam initial flow conductivity experimental datas
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: use the method can more calculate to a nicety coarse splitting
Stitching initial flow conductivity, the parameter that the method uses more easily obtains, and calculation is simple, carries for fracturing parameter optimization
Supply important guidance foundation.
Detailed description of the invention
Below the step of the present invention is described in detail:
Randomly select 10 to the rock sample with matsurface, the most numbered: 1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#,
9#, 10#, calculated the initial flow conductivity of every pair of rock beam successively by the step of the present invention.
The Forecasting Methodology of the initial flow conductivity in a kind of coarse crack, comprises the following steps successively:
(A) rock sample is processed into cuboid rock beam, wherein needs the matsurface of research to maintain the original state, remaining five face
Polish smooth.The matsurface of two equivalently-sized rock beams is contacted with each other, forms one piece of centre model with coarse crack,
The height h of sample plate.10 groups of models with coarse crack have been selected in this test altogether.
(B) utilize three-dimensional laser scanner respectively two matsurfaces of crack every in step (A) to be scanned, obtain
The three-dimensional data of matsurface.
The three-dimensional data of matsurface has X, Y, Z tri-row, and wherein row X and row Y is the plane coordinates of each point on matsurface, arranges Z
Height value for matsurface each point.
(C) the three-dimensional data meter of 10 models obtained in the height h of 10 models in step (A) and step (B) is utilized
Calculate various location fracture aperture W (x, y).
If one, crack matsurface is a face, another matsurface is b face, and (x y) adopts fracture aperture W of various location
Calculate by below equation:
W (x, y)=h-Za(x,y)-Zb(x,y)
In formula: W (x, y) fracture aperture of various location, mm；
H model height, mm；
Za(x, y) matsurface a is at plane coordinates (x, y) height value at place, mm；
Zb(x, y) matsurface b is at plane coordinates (x, y) height value at place, mm.
(D) W (x, y) the average aperture in calculating crack obtained in step (C) is utilized
Crack average aperture result of calculation
(E) according to the W obtained in step (C), (x y), uses cube cladding process to calculate the fractal dimension D of fracture aperture.
Calculated Values of Fractal Dimensions
(F) utilize and step (D) and step (E) obtainThe flow conductivity F that coarse crack is initial is calculated with D.
In formula: F coarse crack initial ability, D cm；
D fractal dimension, zero dimension；
The average aperture in crack, mm.
In order to verify the reliability of these computational methods, these 10 pairs of models are utilized to carry out initial flow conductivity test experiments, and
Above-mentioned result of calculation and experimental results are contrasted, uses relative error to evaluate the computational accuracy of the method.Result is such as
Shown in following table:
Actual measurement flow conductivity and the contrast predicting flow conductivity
As seen from the above table, the value of calculation of the present invention and the relative error of experiment value all control below 10%, minimum are only
2.5%, averagely less than 5%, illustrate that the present invention has higher computational accuracy.
Claims (5)
1. a Forecasting Methodology for the initial flow conductivity in coarse crack, comprises the following steps successively:
(A) rock sample is processed into cuboid rock beam, the matsurface of two equivalently-sized rock beams is contacted with each other, form one
With the model in coarse crack in the middle of block, the height h of sample plate；
(B) utilize three-dimensional laser scanner respectively two matsurfaces in crack in step (A) to be scanned, obtain matsurface
Three-dimensional data；
(C) three-dimensional data obtained in the model height h in step (A) and step (B) is utilized to calculate the crack of various location
Aperture W (x, y)；
(D) (x y), calculates crack average aperture to utilize the W that obtains in step (C)
(E) according to the W obtained in step (C), (x y), uses cube cladding process to calculate the fractal dimension D of fracture aperture；
(F) utilize and step (D) and step (E) obtainAnd D, calculate the initial flow conductivity F in coarse crack:
In formula: the initial flow conductivity in the coarse crack of F, D cm,
D fractal dimension, zero dimension,
The average aperture in crack, mm.
The Forecasting Methodology of the initial flow conductivity in a kind of coarse crack the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
(B) three-dimensional data obtaining matsurface in has X, Y, Z tri-row, and wherein row X and row Y is the plane coordinates of each point on matsurface, arranges Z
Height value for matsurface each point.
The Forecasting Methodology of the initial flow conductivity in a kind of coarse crack the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
(C) in calculate various location fracture aperture W (x, y), if one, crack matsurface is a face, another matsurface is b face,
Employing below equation:
W (x, y)=h-Za(x,y)-Zb(x,y)
In formula: h model height, mm；
Za(x, y) matsurface a is at plane coordinates (x, y) height value at place, mm；
Zb(x, y) matsurface b is at plane coordinates (x, y) height value at place, mm.
The Forecasting Methodology of the initial flow conductivity in a kind of coarse crack the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
(D) the average aperture in crack is calculated inEmploying below equation:
In formula: W (xi,yj) x=x in cracki, y=yjThe aperture of point, mm；
NxIn X-direction, the number of scanning element；
NyIn Y direction, the number of scanning element.
The Forecasting Methodology of the initial flow conductivity in a kind of coarse crack the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
(E) using cube cladding process to calculate the fractal dimension D of fracture aperture in, process is as follows:
LnN (δ)=lnc-Dln δ
In formula: the δ cube length of side, mm；
When N (δ) the cube length of side is δ, cover the cubical number needed for whole matsurface；
C constant；
NxNumber along X-direction scanning element；
NyNumber along Y direction scanning element；
Ni,jCover (i, j) the cube number needed for individual local roughness face；
INT bracket function；
W(xi,yj) x=x in cracki, y=yjThe aperture of point, mm；
Change cube number N (δ) needed for cube length of side δ, and calculating, respectively δ and N (δ) is taken the logarithm, and be plotted in seat
On marking on a map, the opposite number of straight slope is fractal dimension D.
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| CN108871241A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-11-23 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of method that degree of roughness changes after the coarse crack acid etch of quantitative assessment |
| CN110926328A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and device for measuring characteristics of crack surface of rock crack |
| CN111852431A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-10-30 | 西南石油大学 | Optimization method and device for slotted net structure parameters in slotted net fracturing |
| CN114049453A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-02-15 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Seam plate and modeling method of seam plate model |
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| CN111852431A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-10-30 | 西南石油大学 | Optimization method and device for slotted net structure parameters in slotted net fracturing |
| CN114049453A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-02-15 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Seam plate and modeling method of seam plate model |
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