CN108871241A - A kind of method that degree of roughness changes after the coarse crack acid etch of quantitative assessment - Google Patents
A kind of method that degree of roughness changes after the coarse crack acid etch of quantitative assessment Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
- G01B11/306—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces for measuring evenness
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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Abstract
The invention discloses the methods that degree of roughness after a kind of coarse crack acid etch of quantitative assessment changes, and successively include the following steps:(1)Laser scanning is carried out to the coarse rock beam before acid etch, coarse crack pattern 3D data is obtained and rejects noise data, then calculates the two-dimensional fractal dimension of fracture surface before acid etch;(2)To step(1)In coarse rock beam carry out acid etch physical simulation experiment, using laser scanner obtain acid etch after crack pattern 3D data simultaneously reject noise data, then calculate acid etch after fracture surface two-dimensional fractal dimension;(3)According to step(1)And step(2)Degree of roughness changes after the variable quantity of fracture surface fractal dimension determines coarse hydraulic fracture acid etch before and after middle acid etch.The present invention can degree of roughness variation after the coarse hydraulic fracture acid etch of quantitatively characterizing on acid solution difference flow direction, the flowing law for be acid solution in coarse hydraulic fracture, which is studied, provides accurately and reliably underlying parameter and theoretical foundation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of quantitative assessments in petroleum works field, especially carbonate rock hydrocarbon reservoir acid fracturing stimulation process
The method that degree of roughness changes after coarse crack acid etch.
Technical background
Acid fracturing is one of the trump card technology that carbonate rock hydrocarbon reservoir builds production, volume increase, and when site operation usually first uses stickiness
Prepad fluid (such as fracturing fluid) seam, that is, form hydraulic fracture, be then injected into acid solution;Acid solution is flowed along hydraulic fracture, due to runner
Complications and the stronger heterogeneity of carbonate rock, acid solution and crack wall surface rock occur non-homogeneous chemical corrosion reaction, make acid
It is more complicated to lose crack;After construction, under clossing pressure effect, undissolved region has certain as supporting point, formation
The acid-etched fracture of geometric dimension and certain flow conductivity substantially increases the percolation ability of reservoir, realizes building production, increasing for oil/gas well
Produce (MJ Economides, AD Hill, C Ehlig-Economides, Ding Zhu.Petroleum production
systems[M].New York:Pearson Education International,p553-554)。
Acid etch physical simulation experiment is flowed in hydraulic fracture using rock beam acid solution in laboratory simulation scene acid fracturing
Dynamic reaction, and the process of etching fracture wall surface rock, it provides sample for acid corrosion fracture experiment test, is also harsh
It loses crack Study on Mathematic Model and reliable underlying parameter is provided.Before acid etch physical simulation experiment often uses slickrock template die quasi- at present
The hydraulic fracture surface of liquid seam formation is set, however a large amount of experiment and theoretical research confirm:Since carbonate rock is stronger non-
Homogenieity, very coarse (Liu Z, Chen M, the Zhang G.Analysis of the of the hydraulic fracture wall surface of formation
Influence of a Natural Fracture Network on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in
Carbonate Formations[J].Rock Mechanics&Rock Engineering,2014,47(2):575-587),
Hydraulic fracture with certain degree of roughness more meets waterpower fracture pattern under reservoir conditions.Coarse fracture faces will have a direct impact on
Flow behavior (Tsang Y M, Witherspoon P A.The dependence of of the fluid in hydraulic fracture
fracture mechanical and fluid flow properties on fracture roughness and
simple size[J].Water Resource Research,1983,88(3):2359~2366).A small amount of experiment in recent years
Research is also observed:Degree of roughness is changed after coarse crack acid etch, and this variation will affect acid-etched fracture guide energy
Power (Al-Momin A, Zhu D, Hill A D.The effects of initial condition of fracture
surfaces,acid spending and acid type on conductivity of acid fracture[C].OTC
24895,2014), therefore after the coarse crack acid etch of quantitative assessment degree of roughness changes, and is conducive to coarse acid fracturing under reservoir conditions
The Accurate Prediction of fracture condudtiviy improves acid fracturing effect.However after lacking a kind of coarse crack acid etch of quantitative assessment at present
The method of degree of roughness variation causes degree of roughness variation before and after coarse hydraulic fracture acid etch indefinite, directly affects thick
The accuracy of rough crack acid etching flow conductivity prediction and acid fracturing full scale constructed wetland project design.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the methods that degree of roughness after a kind of coarse crack acid etch of quantitative assessment changes, should
Method is easy to operate, principle is reliable, and degree of roughness changes after the energy coarse crack acid etch of quantitative assessment, is acid-etched fracture guide energy
Power prediction and acid fracturing Optimum design of engineering structure provide guidance.
To reach the above technical purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme.
The present invention carries out acid etch physical simulation experiment using the coarse rock beam of oil and gas reservoir, is tested and is obtained by laser scanning
Coarse rock beam configuration of surface data, are then based on data before and after acid etch, calculate acid etch front and back rock using two-dimensional fractal dimension
The fractal dimension of plate surface, hydraulic fracture degree of roughness changes after changing quantitative assessment acid etch according to fractal dimension.
A kind of method that degree of roughness changes after the coarse crack acid etch of quantitative assessment, successively includes the following steps:
(1) laser scanning is carried out to the coarse rock beam before acid etch, obtains coarse crack pattern 3D data and rejects noise
Then data calculate the two-dimensional fractal dimension of fracture surface before acid etch;
(2) acid etch physical simulation experiment is carried out to the coarse rock beam in step (1), is obtained using laser scanner harsh
Crack pattern 3D data after erosion simultaneously reject noise data, then calculate the two-dimensional fractal dimension of fracture surface after acid etch;
(3) coarse waterpower is determined according to the variable quantity of fracture surface fractal dimension before and after acid etch in step (1) and step (2)
Degree of roughness changes after the acid etch of crack.
In the present invention, laser scanning is carried out to the coarse rock beam before acid etch in the step (1), obtains coarse crack
Pattern 3D data simultaneously reject noise data, then calculate the two-dimensional fractal dimension of fracture surface before acid etch, and process is as follows:
1) one layer of very thin developer is uniformly sprayed on coarse rock beam surface, using 3D laser scanner to coarse rock beam table
Face is scanned, and obtains the 3D point cloud data of description fracture surface, and then the 3D point cloud data that scanning obtains are imaged, will be bright
The aobvious point for deviateing rock beam geometric dimension range is considered as noise, and weeds out.
2) based on rock beam topographic data after denoising, two rock beams are in the flat of rock beam length direction (direction x) before calculating acid etch
Equal fractal dimensionAnd the average fractal dimension of rock beam width direction (direction y)
In formula:For rock beam length direction (direction x) average fractal dimension, zero dimension;For rock beam width direction (y
Direction) average fractal dimension;I, j are respectively the direction x, the direction y node location;For the direction y j-th strip fractal dimension of curve;For i-th, the direction x fractal dimension of curve;N is that rock beam width etc. divides number;M is that rock beam length etc. divides number.
Wherein, n, m are calculated by formula (3), formula (4) respectively:
In formula:Wo, Lo, doRespectively rock beam width, length, rock beam length, the equal part step-length of width, mm;[] indicates to be rounded
Number oeprator.
Formula (1)The derivation process of calculating is as follows:
Fig. 1 is shown in two coarse rock beam simulation hydraulic fracture signals, by taking one of rock beam as an example, in rock beam width direction, that is, y
Direction a, it is assumed that horizontal plane is parallel to the direction x (rock beam length direction), then can obtain the fracture surface in 1 direction x in the direction y
Contour curve (see Fig. 2), taking the equal part step-length in the direction y is do, n+1 crack facial contour curve can then be obtained by formula (3).
For the contour curve in the direction any j-th strip x, fractal dimension is calculated using variation function method
The projection straight line of contour curve in the horizontal plane is divided into K (s) part, corresponding contour curve using step-length h (s)
It is also divided into K (s) part, then can get+1 node of K (s) on contour curve.
Step-length h (s) successively takes 5 different values, and value is determined by following formula:
H (s)=2sho(s=1,2,3,4,5) (5)
In formula:H (s) is s-th of step-length, hoFor the calibration step-length of rock beam surface scan data.
Variation function is defined by the formula (Burrough P A.Fractal dimensions of landscapes and
other environmental data[J].Nature,1981,294(5838):240-242):
In formula:The variation function value of j-th strip contour curve, mm when γ (s) is s-th of step-length h (s)2;Zi+1,j(s)、Zi,j
It (s) is (directly to be obtained by laser scanning data using the height value of any two adjacent node after s-th of step-length h (s) subdivision curve
Take), mm.
Hurst index and variation function value meet following power law relation:
γ (s)=ch (s)2H (7)
In formula:H is Hurst index, zero dimension;C is proportionality coefficient, mm(2-2H)。
Hurst index H and fractal dimension of curveThere is following relationship:
Logarithm is taken to (7) formula both sides, can be obtained:
Log γ (s)=2Hlogh (s)+logc (9)
(8) formula, (9) formula simultaneous can obtain:
5 different step-length h (s) are calculated according to formula (5), calculate the variation function value γ under different step-lengths according to formula (6)
(s), log γ (s) and logh (s) curve graph are drawn, the linear regression of curve is carried out, the slope for obtaining matched curve is B, then easily
?Calculating formula be:
In formula:B is matched curve slope, zero dimension.
Similar, it can calculate
In the present invention, the crack pattern 3D data after obtaining acid etch in the step (2) using laser scanner are simultaneously
Noise data are rejected, then calculate the two-dimensional fractal dimension of fracture surface after acid etch, detailed process and step (1) are similar.
In the present invention, according to fracture surface FRACTAL DIMENSION before and after acid etch in step (1) and step (2) in the step (3)
Degree of roughness changes after several variable quantities determines coarse hydraulic fracture acid etch, and process is as follows:
1) the normal direction side of acid etch front and back acid solution flow direction (rock beam length direction, the direction x), acid solution flow direction is calculated
To the variable quantity of (rock beam width direction, the direction y) average fractal dimension:
In formula:Rock beam length direction (direction x), the rock beam width direction (side y respectively before and after acid etch
To) be averaged fractal dimension variable quantity;Rock beam length direction (direction x), rock beam width side respectively after acid etch
To (direction y) average fractal dimension.
2) degree of roughness changes after determining coarse hydraulic fracture acid etch:
1. whenWhen, the normal orientation of acid solution flow direction, acid solution flow direction after acid etch
Crack degree of roughness increases, and shows that acid solution has mainly deepened the pit portion of entire coarse rock beam, increases degree of roughness;
2. whenWhen, acid solution flow direction degree of roughness increases after acid etch, acid solution flowing side
To normal orientation crack degree of roughness reduce, show on acid solution flow direction, acid solution has mainly deepened pit portion, coarse
Degree increases;Normal orientation in acid solution flow direction, acid solution have mainly scabbled cusp part, and degree of roughness reduces;
3. whenWhen, acid solution flow direction degree of roughness reduces after acid etch, acid solution flowing side
To normal orientation crack degree of roughness increase, show on acid solution flow direction, acid solution has mainly scabbled cusp part, coarse
Degree reduces;Normal orientation in acid solution flow direction, acid solution have mainly deepened pit portion, and degree of roughness increases;
4. whenWhen, the normal orientation of acid solution flow direction, acid solution flow direction after acid etch
Crack degree of roughness reduces, and shows that acid solution has mainly scabbled the cusp part of entire coarse rock beam, degree of roughness reduces.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Using this method can after the coarse hydraulic fracture acid etch of quantitatively characterizing acid solution not
With the degree of roughness variation on flow direction, the flowing law for be acid solution in coarse hydraulic fracture is studied and is provided accurately and reliably
Underlying parameter also provides foundation to study the acid corrosion fracture model of true hydraulic fracture.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the coarse rock beam in laboratory simulates hydraulic fracture schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that coarse rock beam fractal dimension calculates schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is rock beam pattern comparison before and after rejecting noise.
Fig. 4 is log γ (s) and logh (s) relational graph of certain curve.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with application example with reference to the accompanying drawing, it is intended to the present invention is schematically illustrated, and
It does not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method that degree of roughness changes after the coarse crack acid etch of quantitative assessment, detailed process is as follows:
(1) laser scanning is carried out to the coarse rock beam before acid etch, obtains the 3D data of coarse crack pattern and reject and makes an uproar
Then point data calculates the two-dimensional fractal dimension of fracture surface before acid etch.
Using the coarse rock sample in Sichuan Basin stratum, the length of rock sample is 175mm, width 34mm, before acid etch
Coarse rock beam carries out laser scanning, obtains the 3D data of coarse crack pattern, then uses 3D imaging software, rejects noise.It picks
Except the pattern signal of the rock sample before and after noise is as shown in Figure 3;Rock beam 1,2 exists before calculating separately acid etch according to formula (1), formula (2)
Rock beam length direction (direction x) is averaged fractal dimensionWith the average fractal dimension of rock beam width direction (direction y)Wherein
d0=0.1mm, therefore n=340, m=1750.By taking a wherein curve as an example, initial step length h is demarcatedoFor 0.1mm, according to (9)
Formula, successively taking step-length h (s) is 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.8mm, 1.6mm, 3.2mm, by the corresponding change of the different step-lengths of formula (5) calculating
Different functional value γ (s) is then drawn log γ (s) and logh (s) curve graph (see Fig. 4), and acquiring slope of curve B is 1.7078, then
By formula (11) be easy to get this curve fractal dimension be 1.15.It is similar, can obtain before acid etch 1, No. 2 rock beam fractal dimension (see
Table 1).
(2) carry out acid etch physical simulation experiment using the coarse rock beam in step (1) to calculate according to similar approach
The fractal dimension (being shown in Table 1) of 1,2 rock beams after acid etch.
(3) the fractal dimension variable quantity before and after acid etch is calculated according to formula (12).
As shown in Table 1, in embodiment 1 after coarse rock beam acid etch,Acid solution stream after acid etch
Dynamic direction, acid solution flow direction normal orientation crack degree of roughness reduce, show that acid solution has mainly scabbled entire coarse rock
The cusp part of plate, degree of roughness reduce;And wherein the amplitude of acid solution flow direction (direction x) reduction is greater than acid solution flow direction
Normal orientation (direction y);This is with after slickrock version acid etch, and rock beam is by smooth roughening, situation that degree of roughness obviously increases
It is different.
Fractal dimension comparison before and after 1 acid etch of table
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method that degree of roughness changes after coarse crack acid etch of quantitative assessment, successively includes the following steps:
(1) laser scanning is carried out to the coarse rock beam before acid etch, obtains coarse crack pattern 3D data and rejects noise data,
Then calculate acid etch before fracture surface two-dimensional fractal dimension;
(2) acid etch physical simulation experiment is carried out to the coarse rock beam in step (1), after obtaining acid etch using laser scanner
Crack pattern 3D data and reject noise data, then calculate acid etch after fracture surface two-dimensional fractal dimension;
(3) coarse hydraulic fracture is determined according to the variable quantity of fracture surface fractal dimension before and after acid etch in step (1) and step (2)
Degree of roughness changes after acid etch.
2. the method that degree of roughness changes after the coarse crack acid etch of quantitative assessment as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
Laser scanning is carried out to the coarse rock beam before acid etch in the step (1), coarse crack pattern 3D data is obtained and rejects and make an uproar
Point data, then calculates the two-dimensional fractal dimension of fracture surface before acid etch, and process is as follows:
1) one layer of developer is uniformly sprayed on coarse rock beam surface, coarse rock beam surface is swept using 3D laser scanner
It retouches, obtains the 3D point cloud data of description fracture surface, be imaged, the point for deviating considerably from rock beam geometric dimension range is considered as and is made an uproar
Point, and weed out;
2) according to the following formula calculate acid etch before two rock beams rock beam length direction (direction x) average fractal dimensionAnd rock
The average fractal dimension in board width direction (direction y)
In formula:For rock beam length direction (direction x) average fractal dimension, zero dimension;For rock beam width direction (direction y)
Average fractal dimension;I, j are respectively the direction x, the direction y node location;For the direction y j-th strip fractal dimension of curve;For x
I-th, direction fractal dimension of curve;N is that rock beam width etc. divides number;M is that rock beam length etc. divides number.
3. the method that degree of roughness changes after the coarse crack acid etch of quantitative assessment as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that
Fractal dimension is calculated using variation function methodProcess is as follows:
The projection straight line of contour curve in the horizontal plane is divided into K (s) part using step-length h (s), step-length h (s) successively takes 5
Different values, value are determined by following formula:
H (s)=2sho(s=1,2,3,4,5)
In formula:H (s) is s-th of step-length, hoFor the calibration step-length of rock beam surface scan data;
The variation function value γ (s) of j-th strip contour curve when being calculate by the following formula s-th of step-length h (s):
In formula:Zi+1,j(s)、Zi,j(s) for using any two adjacent node after s-th of step-length h (s) subdivision curve height value,
mm;
Log γ (s) and logh (s) curve graph are drawn, the slope for obtaining matched curve is B, is obtainedCalculating formula:
It is similar to obtainCalculating formula.
4. the method that degree of roughness changes after the coarse crack acid etch of quantitative assessment as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
Coarse water is determined according to the variable quantity of fracture surface fractal dimension before and after acid etch in step (1) and step (2) in the step (3)
Degree of roughness changes after the acid etch of power crack, and process is as follows:
1) normal orientation of acid etch front and back acid solution flow direction (rock beam length direction, the direction x), acid solution flow direction is calculated
The variable quantity of (rock beam width direction, the direction y) average fractal dimension:
In formula:Respectively rock beam length direction (direction x), rock beam width direction (direction y) are flat before and after acid etch
Equal fractal dimension variable quantity;Rock beam length direction (direction x), the rock beam width direction (side y respectively after acid etch
To) be averaged fractal dimension;
2) degree of roughness changes after determining coarse hydraulic fracture acid etch:
1. when When, acid solution flow direction, the normal orientation crack of acid solution flow direction are thick after acid etch
Rough degree increases, and shows that acid solution has mainly deepened the pit portion of entire coarse rock beam, increases degree of roughness;
2. when When, acid solution flow direction degree of roughness increases after acid etch, the method for acid solution flow direction
It reduces, shows on acid solution flow direction to direction crack degree of roughness, acid solution has mainly deepened pit portion, and degree of roughness increases
Add;Normal orientation in acid solution flow direction, acid solution have mainly scabbled cusp part, and degree of roughness reduces;
3. when When, acid solution flow direction degree of roughness reduces after acid etch, the method for acid solution flow direction
Increase to direction crack degree of roughness, show on acid solution flow direction, acid solution has mainly scabbled cusp part, degree of roughness drop
It is low;Normal orientation in acid solution flow direction, acid solution have mainly deepened pit portion, and degree of roughness increases;
4. when When, acid solution flow direction, the normal orientation crack of acid solution flow direction are thick after acid etch
Rough degree reduces, and shows that acid solution has mainly scabbled the cusp part of entire coarse rock beam, degree of roughness reduces.
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