CN106199061A - A kind of device and method measuring soil water flow velocity based on thermal pulse method - Google Patents
A kind of device and method measuring soil water flow velocity based on thermal pulse method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106199061A CN106199061A CN201610729579.4A CN201610729579A CN106199061A CN 106199061 A CN106199061 A CN 106199061A CN 201610729579 A CN201610729579 A CN 201610729579A CN 106199061 A CN106199061 A CN 106199061A
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- heat
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- resistive heater
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/10—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring thermal variables
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
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Abstract
nullThe present invention relates to a kind of device and method measuring soil water flow velocity based on thermal pulse method，This device includes probe、Acquisition module and controller，Probe is all inserted perpendicularly in soil and is in close contact with soil，Probe includes heat-conducting metal steel sheel、Resistive heater and thermocouple bare wire，Heat-conducting metal steel sheel top center arranges through hole，Resistive heater plugs through through hole and is fixed on probe interior，The periphery of resistive heater is uniformly distributed the thermocouple bare wire for measuring heat-conducting metal steel sheel surface temperature signal，The outfan of thermocouple bare wire connects the input port of acquisition module respectively by signal transmssion line，Controller connects resistive heater and acquisition module respectively，For controlling the heat time heating time of resistive heater，Make heat can enter soil with the form of a transient pulse，Control acquisition module simultaneously and carry out data acquisition，The present invention measures accurately and heat transfer is stable，Can be widely applied in the measurement of soil water flow velocity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device and method measuring soil water flow velocity, survey based on thermal pulse method especially with regard to one
The device and method of amount soil water flow velocity.
Background technology
The soil water refer to ground surface with down to the moisture in groundwater level (phreatic surface) above soil horizon, be in water resource
Important and the most complicated part, the reasonable research of the soil water, agricultural production, ecological recovery, environmental improvement and water resource can be given
Appropriate application provides effective theoretical direction, for the research of the soil water, needs accurately to grasp its parameter of migration, due to by ground
The impact of the conditions such as shape, soil, vegetation, weather, Soil Moisture Movement feature is complicated, therefore can accurately measure soil when research
Earth water flow velocity is just particularly important.
At porous media or skin layer, such as the water flow speed measurement on gravel surface layer or road, color typically can be used
The measuring method of element or electrolyte pulse obtains accurate flow speed data, electrolyte pulse method, is in flowing current upstream
In the extremely short time, feedwater stream injects electrolyte (its process can regard a minimum impulse waveform of dutycycle as), when being arranged in water
When flowing down the probe in detecting of trip to electrolyte, inject from electrolyte under instrument record and start to time electrolyte being detected, this
The individual time correspond to a flow velocity relation with the distance of probe to electrolyte pulse generating means, it is possible to achieve the current of surface layer
Tachometric survey, although electrolyte pulse method is easy precisely, but in the dead leaf layer in soil or similar forest, because of its porous media
Complicated component, electrolyte can be absorbed wherein in a large number, it is impossible to uses this tracer method to provide water flow data accurately.
Thermal pulse method is measured corresponding to electrolyte pulse method, and the method heat substitutes electrolyte as tracer, by inspection
Survey the change of the water flow temperature on porous media flows direction and calculate speed, presently used thermal pulse probe, the structure taked
Being the probe mode that lateral arrangement three is superfine on a probe, middle probe is resistive heater, and both sides probe is thermoelectricity
Even sensor, three probes insert soil, parallel with water flow direction, and middle probe gives a thermal pulse, its heat provided
Amount, under the conduction of soil and the effect of current, is made the soil silicon carbide around probe change, is distributed by probe
The Temperature-time delta data that the thermocouple of both sides gathers, the heat transfer model relational expression of its theoretical derivation of matching, this model with
Based on the heat conductive relationship formula of porous media flow field, (i.e. in a cartesian coordinate system, three-dimensional unstable state has a convection action
The differential equation of heat conduction), a given limited heat time and unlimited heat source are boundary condition, obtain the heat transfer of its flow field and close
Being formula analytic solutions, the difference of this 2 positions of solution flow field upstream and downstream (i.e. probe thermocouple location) temperature extremal is variable,
Thus obtain flow field velocity, but, this kind of probe has problems in that its diameter is meticulous, thermoelectricity inserting in soil when
Distance between even sensor and resistive heater can be affected, and then affects its certainty of measurement；The theory of this probe simultaneously
Derivation heat transfer model is for considering probe finiteness impact (finite heat conductivity and finite diameter), and the result calculated after measuring it is deposited
In certain impact.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of measurement and accurately and pass heat-staple based on thermal pulse method survey
The device and method of amount soil water flow velocity.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes techniques below scheme: a kind of based on thermal pulse method measurement soil water flow velocity
Device, it is characterised in that this device includes probe, acquisition module and controller；Described probe include heat-conducting metal steel sheel,
Resistive heater and thermocouple bare wire, be filled with high-temperature insulation Heat Conduction Material inside described heat-conducting metal steel sheel, described in lead
Thermometal steel sheel top arranges through hole, and described resistive heater plugs through described through hole and is fixed on described insulating heat-conduction material
In, described resistive heater periphery is uniformly distributed described thermocouple bare wire, and described thermocouple bare wire is the most solid
Surely described heat-conducting metal steel sheel inwall it is arranged on；The outfan of described thermocouple bare wire connects described by described acquisition module
Controller, described heat-conducting metal steel sheel surface temperature data is adopted by described controller by controlling described acquisition module
Collection；It addition, described controller is also connected with described resistive heater, for controlling mode of heating and the heating of described resistive heater
Time.
Preferably, the quantity of described thermocouple bare wire is three, and three described thermocouple bare wires are separated by 120 degree and are arranged on
The periphery of described resistive heater.
Preferably, described insulating heat-conduction material uses magnesium oxide material.
Preferably, the described method measuring soil water flow speed variator based on thermal pulse method, comprise the following steps:
1) whole probe is the most vertically inserted in saturated soil and is made soil and probe to be in close contact；
2) treating in soil after waterflow stabilization, controller controls acquisition module and starts, and controls resistive heater and add
Heat, the heat that resistive heater sends is transmitted on heat-conducting metal steel sheel make case temperature become through insulating heat-conduction material
Change；
3) described probe temperature rises the most rapidly, under after arrival maximum, under flow action, temperature starts
Fall, slowly returns to steady temperature, three thermocouple bare wires by measurement to heat-conducting metal steel sheel surface from rising start to
The acquired module of temperature data change procedure of steady statue is sent to controller；
4) data of acquisition are fitted obtaining temperature time curve by controller, and obtain relational expression:
T=(T1-T0)e-Ht+T0 (1)
Wherein, T is detecting probe surface temperature described in t, and t is the time, T1It is the maximum temperature that reaches of described probe, T0It is
Described probe reaches the mean temperature after steady statue, and H is the Convection Parameters coefficient the most relevant to flow velocity, Convection Parameters system
Number and the relational expression of flow velocity:
Wherein, h0For without the coefficient of heat transfer under convection action, b is heat exchange parameter correlation coefficient, and C is described probe thermal capacitance, V
It it is flow rate；
5) obtain flow velocity according to formula (1) and (2) and solve relational expression:
According to known parameters h0, b, C and the data obtained T, T0、T1And t, and calculated the stream of the soil water by relational expression (3)
Speed V.
Due to the fact that and take above technical scheme, it has the advantage that 1, the construction features of the present invention is device
Application Single probe design, the multiprobe of its probe interior assembling resistive heater and thermocouple rather than multiprobe formula assembles respectively
Resistive heater and thermocouple, compared to multiprobe, Single probe has larger diameter, has both met assembling demand, has ensured again sufficiently strong
Degree, such probe will not bend when inserting soil etc. affects the situation of its certainty of measurement, measures more accurate.2, the present invention
In probe flow relocity calculation method, based on the heat exchange models of probe bodies, release its analytic solutions model, and according to convection current system
The relation derivation of number and flow velocity goes out flow velocity and solves relational expression and obtain soil water flow velocity, and analysis mode is the easiest, and take
Analytic method is based on Single probe analysis of Heat Transfer, and its heat transfer is more stable, and the present invention can be widely applied to soil water flow velocity
Measurement in.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the present invention measures the device of soil water flow velocity based on thermal pulse method；
Fig. 2 is the probe structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the temperature time curve figure of probe of the present invention, and abscissa is the time, and unit is the second, and vertical coordinate is temperature,
Unit is Kelvin.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is carried out detailed description.It should be appreciated, however, that being provided only more of accompanying drawing
Understanding the present invention well, they should not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
As shown in Fig. 1～2, the device based on hot pulse-taking principle measurement soil water flow velocity of the present invention includes probe 1, acquisition module
2 and controller 3；Probe 1 is all inserted perpendicularly in soil 4, and is in close contact with soil 4, and probe 1 includes heat-conducting metal steel sheel
11, insulating heat-conduction material 12, resistive heater 13 and thermocouple bare wire 14, heat-conducting metal steel sheel 11 inside is filled with high temperature resistant
Insulating heat-conduction material 12 such as magnesium oxide, insulating heat-conduction material 12 sent when conduction heating resistance wire 13 is energized work
Heat, heat-conducting metal steel sheel 11 top center is provided with through hole (not shown), and resistive heater 13 plugs through through hole
Being fixed in insulating heat-conduction material 12, the periphery of resistive heater 13 is separated by 120 degree and arranges a thermocouple bare wire 14, three thermocouple
Bare wire 14 is the most longitudinally fixed is arranged on heat-conducting metal steel sheel 11 inwall, and three thermocouple bare wire 14 is used to measure
The temperature signal on heat-conducting metal steel sheel 11 surface, three thermocouple bare wire 14 is positioned at the temperature signal that differing heights makes to collect
The heat-transfer character of reflection probe 1 entirety；The outfan of three thermocouple bare wire 14 connects acquisition module 2 by signal transmssion line respectively
Input, heat-conducting metal steel sheel 11 surface temperature data that acquisition module 2 arrives for gathering thermocouple bare wire 14 to measure；Control
Device 3 processed connects resistive heater 13 and acquisition module 2 respectively, for controlling the heat time heating time of resistive heater 13, makes heat energy
Enter soil with the form of a transient pulse, control acquisition module 2 simultaneously and carry out data acquisition.
The dress measuring soil water flow velocity based on thermal pulse method using the present invention is described in detail below by specific embodiment
Put the method that the flow velocity to the soil water measures:
1) present invention is when measuring soil water flow velocity, is all vertically inserted in saturated soil 4 and ensures soil by whole probe 1
Earth 4 and probe 1 are in close contact；
2) treating in soil 4 after waterflow stabilization, controller 3 controls acquisition module 2 and starts, and automatically gives resistive heater 13
Thering is provided a timing voltage to make resistive heater 13 obtain enough power, resistive heater 13 reaches sufficient temp (40 DEG C to 60
Between DEG C), resistive heater 13 works when, the heat that resistive heater 13 sends is through insulating heat-conduction material 12 magnesium oxide
It is transmitted on heat-conducting metal steel sheel 11 make case temperature change；
3) probe 1 temperature rises the most rapidly, and after arriving maximum, under flow action, temperature begins to decline, slowly
Slowly return to steady temperature, three thermocouple bare wires 14 by measurement to heat-conducting metal steel sheel 11 surface start to surely from rising
The acquired module of temperature data change procedure 2 determining state is sent to controller 3；
4) data of collection are fitted the temperature time curve obtained as shown in Figure 3 by acquisition module 2, with probe originally
Based on the heat exchange models of body, it is assumed that probe under endless Source, same sex homogenizing, and with surrounding current soil be in
Under one initial temperature condition, obtain relational expression:
T=(T1-T0)e-Ht+T0 (1)
Wherein, T is t detecting probe surface temperature (K), and t is the time (s), T1It is the maximum temperature (K) that reaches of probe, T0It is
Probe reaches the mean temperature (K) after steady statue, and H is the Convection Parameters coefficient the most relevant to flow velocity, Convection Parameters system
Number and the relational expression of flow velocity:
Wherein, h0For without the coefficient of heat transfer (W/m under convection action2K), b is heat exchange parameter correlation coefficient, and C is probe heat
Hold (J/m3K), V is flow rate (m/s)；
5) obtain flow velocity according to formula (1) and (2) and solve relational expression:
According to known parameters h0, data T, T given in b, C and Fig. 20、T1And t, and calculate soil by relational expression (3)
The flow velocity V of water.
The various embodiments described above are merely to illustrate the present invention, and the structure of the most each parts, connected mode and processing technology etc. are all
Can be varied from, every equivalents carried out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention and improvement, the most should not get rid of
Outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the device measuring soil water flow velocity based on thermal pulse method, it is characterised in that this device includes probe, acquisition module
And controller；
Described probe includes heat-conducting metal steel sheel, resistive heater and thermocouple bare wire, inside described heat-conducting metal steel sheel
Being filled with high-temperature insulation Heat Conduction Material, described heat-conducting metal steel sheel top arranges through hole, and described resistive heater passes institute
Stating through hole to plug and be fixed in described insulating heat-conduction material, described resistive heater periphery is uniformly distributed described thermocouple bare wire,
Described thermocouple bare wire is the most longitudinally fixed is arranged on described heat-conducting metal steel sheel inwall；Described thermocouple bare wire
Outfan by described acquisition module connect described controller, described controller by control described acquisition module lead described
Thermometal steel sheel surface temperature data is acquired；It addition, described controller is also connected with described resistive heater, it is used for controlling
The mode of heating of described resistive heater and heat time heating time.
2. measure the device of soil water flow velocity as claimed in claim 1 based on thermal pulse method, it is characterised in that described thermocouple
The quantity of bare wire is three, and three described thermocouple bare wires are separated by 120 degree of peripheries being arranged on described resistive heater.
3. measure as claimed in claim 1 or 2 the device of soil water flow velocity based on thermal pulse method, it is characterised in that described absolutely
Edge Heat Conduction Material uses magnesium oxide material.
4. based on the method measuring soil water flow speed variator based on thermal pulse method as described in any one of Claim 1-3,
It is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) whole probe is the most vertically inserted in saturated soil and is made soil and probe to be in close contact；
2) treating in soil after waterflow stabilization, controller controls acquisition module and starts, and controls resistive heater and heat, and adds
The heat that hot water radiation wire sends is transmitted on heat-conducting metal steel sheel make case temperature change through insulating heat-conduction material；
3) described probe temperature rises the most rapidly, and after arriving maximum, under flow action, temperature begins to decline, slowly
Slowly return to steady temperature, three thermocouple bare wires by measurement to heat-conducting metal steel sheel surface start to stable shape from rising
The acquired module of temperature data change procedure of state is sent to controller；
4) data of acquisition are fitted obtaining temperature time curve by controller, and obtain relational expression:
T=(T1-T0)e-Ht+T0 (1)
Wherein, T is detecting probe surface temperature described in t, and t is the time, T1It is the maximum temperature that reaches of described probe, T0It is described
Probe reaches the mean temperature after steady statue, and H is directly the most relevant to flow velocity Convection Parameters coefficient, Convection Parameters coefficient and
The relational expression of flow velocity:
Wherein, h0For without the coefficient of heat transfer under convection action, b is heat exchange parameter correlation coefficient, and C is described probe thermal capacitance, and V is water
Flow velocity rate；
5) obtain flow velocity according to formula (1) and (2) and solve relational expression:
According to known parameters h0, b, C and the data obtained T, T0、T1And t, and calculated the flow velocity V of the soil water by relational expression (3).
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Cited By (5)
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| CN109550906A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-04-02 | 东北大学 | The measuring device and its measurement method of molten steel flow velocity in a kind of continuous cast mold |
| CN109916947A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-21 | 中国农业大学 | Saturated soil water flow is measured to the method and apparatus with flow velocity based on thermal pulse principle |
| TWI724831B (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2021-04-11 | 國立臺灣海洋大學 | Submerged heating and temperature control system for thermal energy tracer test |
| CN114624466A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-06-14 | 西南石油大学 | Hot wire anemometer-based test device and test method |
| CN115191384A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-10-18 | 西双版纳云博水产养殖开发有限公司 | Artificial propagation method of diplopod |
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| CN109916947A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-21 | 中国农业大学 | Saturated soil water flow is measured to the method and apparatus with flow velocity based on thermal pulse principle |
| TWI724831B (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2021-04-11 | 國立臺灣海洋大學 | Submerged heating and temperature control system for thermal energy tracer test |
| CN114624466A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-06-14 | 西南石油大学 | Hot wire anemometer-based test device and test method |
| CN114624466B (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-07-12 | 西南石油大学 | Hot wire anemometer-based testing device and testing method |
| CN115191384A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-10-18 | 西双版纳云博水产养殖开发有限公司 | Artificial propagation method of diplopod |
| CN115191384B (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2023-06-02 | 西双版纳云博水产养殖开发有限公司 | Artificial breeding method for double-hole fish |
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