CN106199061B - A kind of device and method based on thermal pulse method measurement soil water flow velocity - Google Patents
A kind of device and method based on thermal pulse method measurement soil water flow velocity Download PDFInfo
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- CN106199061B CN106199061B CN201610729579.4A CN201610729579A CN106199061B CN 106199061 B CN106199061 B CN 106199061B CN 201610729579 A CN201610729579 A CN 201610729579A CN 106199061 B CN106199061 B CN 106199061B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/10—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring thermal variables
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of device and methods based on thermal pulse method measurement soil water flow velocity, the device includes probe, acquisition module and controller, probe is all inserted perpendicularly into soil and is in close contact with the soil, probe includes heat-conducting metal steel sheel, resistive heater and thermocouple bare wire, through-hole is arranged in heat-conducting metal steel sheel top center, resistive heater, which passes through through-hole and plugs, is fixed on probe interior, the periphery of resistive heater is uniformly distributed the thermocouple bare wire for measuring heat-conducting metal steel sheel surface temperature signal, the output end of thermocouple bare wire connects the input port of acquisition module by signal transmssion line respectively, controller is separately connected resistive heater and acquisition module, for controlling the heating time of resistive heater, heat is set to enter soil in the form of a transient pulse, acquisition module is controlled simultaneously carries out data acquisition, Present invention measurement is accurate and heat transfer is stablized, and can be widely applied in the measurement of soil water flow velocity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device and methods for measuring soil water flow velocity, are surveyed especially with regard to one kind based on thermal pulse method
Measure the device and method of soil water flow velocity.
Background technique
The soil water refers to ground surface with the moisture in groundwater level (phreatic surface) above soil horizon, be in water resource most
Important and most complicated part, the reasonable research of the soil water can give agricultural production, ecological recovery, environmental improvement and water resource
Rationally need accurately to grasp its parameter of migration, due to by ground for the research of the soil water using the effective theoretical direction of offer
The influence of the conditions such as shape, soil, vegetation, weather, Soil Moisture Movement feature is complicated, therefore can accurately measure soil in research
Earth water flow velocity is just particularly important.
Color generally can be used such as the water flow speed measurement on gravel superficial layer or road in porous media or skin layer
The measurement method of element or electrolyte pulse obtains accurate flow speed data, and electrolyte pulse method is in flowing water flow upstream
Water supply stream injection electrolyte (its process can regard the minimum impulse waveform of duty ratio as) in the extremely short time, when being arranged in water
When flowing down the probe in detecting of trip to electrolyte, to the time for detecting electrolyte since electrolyte injection under instrument record, this
A time corresponds to a flow velocity relation at a distance from probe to electrolyte pulse generating device, and the water flow of superficial layer may be implemented
Tachometric survey, although electrolyte pulse method is easy precisely, in the dead leaf layer in soil or similar forest, because of its porous media
Complicated component, electrolyte can largely be absorbed wherein, can not provide accurate water flow data using this trace method.
Thermal pulse method measurement corresponds to electrolyte pulse method, and this method uses heat substitution electrolyte as tracer, passes through inspection
The water flow temperature variation surveyed on porous media flows direction comes calculating speed, presently used thermal pulse probe, the structure taken
It is the superfine probe mode of upper lateral arrangement three of popping one's head at one, intermediate probe is resistive heater, and two sides probe is thermoelectricity
Even sensor, three probes are inserted into soil, and parallel with water flowing direction, intermediate probe gives a thermal pulse, the heat provided
Amount makes the soil silicon carbide around probe change under the action of the conduction of soil and water flow, is distributed by probe
The Temperature-time delta data of the thermocouple acquisition of two sides, is fitted the heat transfer model relational expression of its theory deduction, the model with
(i.e. three-dimensional unstable state has a convection action in a cartesian coordinate system based on the heat conductive relationship formula of porous media flow field
The differential equation of heat conduction), it gives a limited heat time and unlimited heat source is boundary condition, obtain the heat transfer of its flow field and close
It is formula analytic solutions, the difference of solution flow field upstream and downstream two o'clock position (the i.e. probe thermocouple location) temperature extremal is variable,
To obtain flow field velocity, still, such probe has problems in that its diameter is meticulous, thermoelectricity when being inserted into soil
The distance between even sensor and resistive heater will receive influence, and then influence its measurement accuracy；The theory of the probe simultaneously
Deriving heat transfer model is to consider that probe finiteness influences (finite heat conductivity and finite diameter), and the result calculated after measuring it is deposited
Centainly influencing.
Summary of the invention
It is surveyed in view of the above-mentioned problems, and a kind of biography accurate the object of the present invention is to provide measurement is heat-staple based on thermal pulse method
Measure the device and method of soil water flow velocity.
To achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: one kind measuring soil water flow velocity based on thermal pulse method
Device, which is characterized in that the device includes probe, acquisition module and controller；The probe include heat-conducting metal steel sheel,
Resistive heater and thermocouple bare wire, the heat-conducting metal steel sheel inside is filled with high-temperature insulation Heat Conduction Material, described to lead
Through-hole is set at the top of thermometal steel sheel, and the resistive heater plugs across the through-hole and is fixed on the insulating heat-conduction material
In, the resistive heater periphery is uniformly distributed the thermocouple bare wire, and the thermocouple bare wire is successively longitudinal solid from top to bottom
It is fixed to be arranged in the heat-conducting metal steel sheel inner wall；The output end of the thermocouple bare wire passes through described in acquisition module connection
Controller, the controller adopt the heat-conducting metal steel sheel surface temperature data by controlling the acquisition module
Collection；In addition, the controller is also connected with the resistive heater, for controlling heating method and the heating of the resistive heater
Time.
Preferably, the quantity of the thermocouple bare wire is three, and three thermocouple bare wires are separated by 120 degree of settings and exist
The periphery of the resistive heater.
Preferably, the insulating heat-conduction material uses magnesium oxide material.
Preferably, the method based on thermal pulse method measurement soil water flow speed variator, comprising the following steps:
1) all vertically it is placed in saturated soil and make soil and probe to be in close contact entire probe；
2) after to waterflow stabilization in soil, controller controls acquisition module starting, and controls resistive heater and added
Heat, the heat that resistive heater issues is transmitted on heat-conducting metal steel sheel through insulating heat-conduction material becomes case temperature
Change；
3) probe temperature rises rapidly in a short time, under temperature starts under flow action after arrival maximum value
Drop, is slowly restored to steady temperature, three thermocouple bare wires by the heat-conducting metal steel sheel surface measured since rising to
The acquired module of temperature data change procedure of stable state is sent to controller；
4) data that controller will acquire are fitted to obtain temperature-time graph, and obtain relational expression:
T=(T1-T0)e-Ht+T0 (1)
Wherein, T is detecting probe surface temperature described in t moment, and t is time, T1It is the maximum temperature that the probe reaches, T0It is
The probe reaches the mean temperature after stable state, and H is Convection Parameters coefficient directly relevant to flow velocity, Convection Parameters system
Several relational expressions with flow velocity:
Wherein, h0For the coefficient of heat transfer under no convection action, b is heat exchange parameter related coefficient, and C is the probe thermal capacitance, V
It is flow rate；
5) flow velocity is obtained according to formula (1) and (2) and solves relational expression:
According to known parameters h0, b, C and the data obtained T, T0、T1And t, and pass through the stream that relational expression (3) calculate the soil water
Fast V.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme, which has the following advantages: 1, design feature of the invention is device
It is designed using Single probe, probe interior assembles resistive heater and thermocouple rather than the multiprobe of multiprobe formula assembles respectively
Resistive heater and thermocouple, compared to multiprobe, Single probe has larger diameter, has not only met assembly demand, but also guarantee sufficiently strong
Degree, such probe will not be bent etc. when be placed in soil the case where influencing its measurement accuracy, and measurement is more accurate.2, of the invention
In probe flow relocity calculation method, based on the heat exchange models of probe bodies, its analytic solutions model is released, and according to convection current system
Several relation derivations with flow velocity go out flow velocity and solve relational expression and find out soil water flow velocity, and analysis mode is more easy, and take
Analytic method is conducted heat more stable, the present invention can be widely applied to soil water flow velocity based on Single probe analysis of Heat Transfer
Measurement in.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the structural schematic diagrams of the device of thermal pulse method measurement soil water flow velocity；
Fig. 2 is probe structure schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 3 is temperature-time plot of probe of the present invention, and abscissa is the time, and unit is the second, and ordinate is temperature,
Unit is Kelvin.
Specific embodiment
Come to carry out detailed description to the present invention below in conjunction with attached drawing.It should be appreciated, however, that attached drawing has been provided only more
Understand the present invention well, they should not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
As shown in Fig. 1~2, the device of the invention based on hot pulpating method measurement soil water flow velocity includes probe 1, acquisition module
2 and controller 3；Probe 1 is all inserted perpendicularly into soil 4, and is in close contact with soil 4, and probe 1 includes heat-conducting metal steel sheel
11, insulating heat-conduction material 12, resistive heater 13 and thermocouple bare wire 14 are filled with high temperature resistant inside heat-conducting metal steel sheel 11
Insulating heat-conduction material 12 such as magnesia, insulating heat-conduction material 12 issues when being powered on for conduction heating resistance wire 13
Heat, 11 top center of heat-conducting metal steel sheel are provided with through-hole (not shown), and resistive heater 13 is plugged across through-hole
It is fixed in insulating heat-conduction material 12, the periphery of resistive heater 13 is separated by 120 degree of one thermocouple bare wires 14 of setting, three thermocouple
Bare wire 14 is successively longitudinally fixed from top to bottom to be arranged in 11 inner wall of heat-conducting metal steel sheel, and three thermocouple bare wire 14 is used to measure
The temperature signal on 11 surface of heat-conducting metal steel sheel, three thermocouple bare wire 14 are located at different height and make collected temperature signal
Reflect the whole heat-transfer character of probe 1；The output end of three thermocouple bare wire 14 connects acquisition module 2 by signal transmssion line respectively
Input terminal, acquisition module 2 is for acquiring 11 surface temperature data of heat-conducting metal steel sheel that thermocouple bare wire 14 measures；Control
Device 3 processed is separately connected resistive heater 13 and acquisition module 2, for controlling the heating time of resistive heater 13, enables heat
Enter soil in the form of a transient pulse, while controlling acquisition module 2 and carrying out data acquisition.
It is described in detail below by specific embodiment using the dress of the invention based on thermal pulse method measurement soil water flow velocity
Set the method measured to the flow velocity of the soil water:
1) entire probe 1 is all vertically placed in saturated soil 4 when measuring soil water flow velocity and guarantees soil by the present invention
Earth 4 and probe 1 are in close contact；
2) after to waterflow stabilization in soil 4, controller 3 controls acquisition module 2 and starts, and gives resistive heater 13 automatically
There is provided a timing voltage makes resistive heater 13 obtain enough power, and resistive heater 13 reaches (40 DEG C to 60 of sufficient temp
Between DEG C), when resistive heater 13 works, the heat that resistive heater 13 issues is through 12 magnesia of insulating heat-conduction material
Being transmitted on heat-conducting metal steel sheel 11 makes case temperature change；
3) 1 temperature of probe rises rapidly in a short time, and temperature is begun to decline under flow action after arrival maximum value, slowly
Slowly it is restored to steady temperature, three thermocouple bare wires 14 are by 11 surface of heat-conducting metal steel sheel measured to steady since rising
The acquired module 2 of temperature data change procedure for determining state is sent to controller 3；
4) data of acquisition are fitted to obtain temperature-time graph as shown in Figure 3 by acquisition module 2, with probe sheet
Based on the heat exchange models of body, it is assumed that probe is under endless Source, same sex homogeneous, and is in same with surrounding water flow soil
Under one initial temperature condition, relational expression is obtained:
T=(T1-T0)e-Ht+T0 (1)
Wherein, T is t moment detecting probe surface temperature (K), and t is time (s), T1It is the maximum temperature (K) that probe reaches, T0It is
Probe reaches the mean temperature (K) after stable state, and H is Convection Parameters coefficient directly relevant to flow velocity, Convection Parameters system
Several relational expressions with flow velocity:
Wherein, h0For the coefficient of heat transfer (W/m under no convection action2K), b is heat exchange parameter related coefficient, and C is probe heat
Hold (J/m3K), V is flow rate (m/s)；
5) flow velocity is obtained according to formula (1) and (2) and solves relational expression:
According to known parameters h0, data T, T given in b, C and Fig. 20、T1And t, and soil is calculated by relational expression (3)
The flow velocity V of water.
The various embodiments described above are merely to illustrate the present invention, wherein the structure of each component, connection type and manufacture craft etc. are all
It can be varied, all equivalents and improvement carried out based on the technical solution of the present invention should not exclude
Except protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method based on thermal pulse method measurement soil water flow velocity, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
It is provided with the device including probe, acquisition module and controller, the probe includes heat-conducting metal steel sheel, adding thermal resistance
Silk and thermocouple bare wire, the heat-conducting metal steel sheel inside are filled with high-temperature insulation Heat Conduction Material, the heat-conducting metal steel
Through-hole is arranged in case top, and the resistive heater is plugged across the through-hole and is fixed in the insulating heat-conduction material, described
Resistive heater periphery is uniformly distributed the thermocouple bare wire, and successively longitudinally fixed setting exists the thermocouple bare wire from top to bottom
The heat-conducting metal steel sheel inner wall；The quantity of the thermocouple bare wire is three, and three thermocouple bare wires are separated by 120
The periphery of the resistive heater is arranged in degree；The output end of the thermocouple bare wire connects the control by the acquisition module
Device processed, the controller are acquired the heat-conducting metal steel sheel surface temperature data by controlling the acquisition module；
In addition, the controller is also connected with the resistive heater, when for controlling heating method and the heating of the resistive heater
Between, specific measurement process:
1) all vertically it is placed in saturated soil and make soil and probe to be in close contact entire probe；
2) after to waterflow stabilization in soil, controller controls acquisition module starting, and controls resistive heater and heated, and adds
The heat that hot water radiation wire issues is transmitted on heat-conducting metal steel sheel through insulating heat-conduction material makes case temperature change；
3) probe temperature rises rapidly in a short time, and temperature is begun to decline under flow action after arrival maximum value, slowly
Slowly it is restored to steady temperature, three thermocouple bare wires are by the heat-conducting metal steel sheel surface measured to stablizing shape since rising
The acquired module of temperature data change procedure of state is sent to controller；
4) data that controller will acquire are fitted to obtain temperature-time graph, and obtain relational expression:
T=(T1-T0)e-Ht+T0 (1)
Wherein, T is detecting probe surface temperature described in t moment, and t is time, T1It is the maximum temperature that the probe reaches, T0It is described
Probe reaches the mean temperature after stable state, and H is Convection Parameters coefficient directly relevant to flow velocity, Convection Parameters coefficient with
The relational expression of flow velocity:
Wherein, h0For the coefficient of heat transfer under no convection action, b is heat exchange parameter related coefficient, and C is the probe thermal capacitance, and V is water
Flow velocity rate；
5) flow velocity is obtained according to formula (1) and (2) and solves relational expression:
According to known parameters h0, b, C and the data obtained T, T0、T1And t, and pass through the flow velocity V that relational expression (3) calculate the soil water.
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| CN109916947A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-21 | 中国农业大学 | Saturated soil water flow is measured to the method and apparatus with flow velocity based on thermal pulse principle |
| TWI724831B (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2021-04-11 | 國立臺灣海洋大學 | Submerged heating and temperature control system for thermal energy tracer test |
| CN114624466B (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-07-12 | 西南石油大学 | Hot wire anemometer-based testing device and testing method |
| CN115191384B (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2023-06-02 | 西双版纳云博水产养殖开发有限公司 | Artificial breeding method for double-hole fish |
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