CN106197653A - Vehicle air sound and structure-borne sound recognition methods - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to vehicle noise control field, a kind of method particularly relating to Quantitative Separation vehicle noise.A kind of vehicle air sound and structure-borne sound recognition methods, comprise the following steps: noise is divided into air-borne sound and structure-borne sound two class；Selected noise source, and arrange survey sound point according to noise source；Obtaining organizing survey sound point measurement data corresponding under each duty of noise source by the way of changing noise source duty several times, statistical analysis is calculated air-borne sound and structure_borne propagation loss coefficient more；Transmission loss coefficient calculates air-borne sound contribution rate and structure-borne sound contribution rate when reality is tested, it is achieved to air-borne sound and the separation of structure-borne sound.The present invention finds the transmission loss coefficient of two noise likes to be applied in the vehicle noise performance test of reality by the way of changing operating mode, operate respectively for each noise source, can Quantitative Separation noise accurately, find source and type that vehicle noise produces, and then design noise reduction schemes realizes the purpose of energy-saving and noise-reducing targetedly.

Description

Vehicle air sound and structure-borne sound recognition methods

Technical field

The present invention relates to vehicle noise control field, a kind of method particularly relating to Quantitative Separation vehicle noise.

Background technology

Vehicle noise is the important indicator of vehicle riding comfort, and therefore each vehicle producer all can use as far as possible suitably side Method reduces vehicle noise；During reducing vehicle noise, analyze vehicle noise Producing reason, kind and route of transmission It is particularly important；Prior art, discloses a kind of structure borne noise and structure transmission in Chinese patent CN101901597A The separation method of noise, this patent proposes on the premise of not affecting structure borne noise (empty to the structure transmission noise of sound source Gas sound) and structure borne noise (structure-borne sound) separate, fine-resolution goes out the composition of noise, accurately to select the fall used Make an uproar means, improve noise reduction；This patent quantitative judge by the way of some pieces of sound insulating material distributed combination isolation goes out structure Passing noise and structure transmission noise, need constantly to change vehicle interior structure during testing and (change driver's cabin Sound insulationg board around), this test mode seems more inconvenient, and it is same actually to have changed the sound insulationg board around driver's cabin Influencing whether the change of structure-borne sound, therefore measurement result is inaccurate.

Chinese patent CN101464168A discloses a kind of Noise Sources Identification method of vehicle acceleration noise；This patent carries Go out a kind of Noise Sources Identification method of vehicle acceleration noise, utilize vehicle to measure noise source, the vibration source, OK obtained under steam Sail the Main Noise Sources during vehicle is given it the gun by the noise signal of status information and respective point to be identified, and obtain Each noise source is to respective point effect of noise relation, thus provides effective foundation for reducing noise.Noise is drawn by this patent Being divided into noise source sound pressure signal and vibration signal, it divides according to the type that sound source occurs, the mode of this classification noise The most inaccurate, because the percussion that sound pressure signal produces can form the vibration in noise structure equally, and vibration signal Effect of impact the most also has noise and produces, and both and incapability carry out isolating difference from occurring source, and therefore final result deviation is relatively Greatly.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of vehicle air sound and structure-borne sound recognition methods, and the method exists After definition of noise being classified, the transmission loss coefficient of two noise likes is found to be applied to the vehicle of reality by the way of changing operating mode In noiseproof feature test, it is not only able to accurate Quantitative Separation noise, finds source and type, Jin Erzhen that vehicle noise produces Property is designed noise reduction schemes and realizes the purpose of energy-saving and noise-reducing, additionally it is possible to simplify laboratory facilities, shorten the R&D cycle, reduce research and development Cost.

The present invention is achieved in that a kind of vehicle air sound and structure-borne sound recognition methods, comprises the following steps:

S1, is divided into air-borne sound and structure-borne sound two class by noise；

S2, selected noise source, and arrange survey sound point according to noise source；

Arrange air sounding sound point: microphone is set at air sounding sound point, makes the sound that air sounding sound point records The air-borne sound acoustic pressure that pressure sends with noise source is identical；

Arrangement sounding sound point: using the body side of noise source and vehicle body coupled position as structure sounding sound point, at knot On structure sounding sound point, vibrating sensor is set；

Arrange that driver receives noise survey sound point: receive noise using Che Nei driver ear position as driver and survey Sound point, receives noise survey sound point driver and arranges microphone；

S3, obtains organizing under each duty of noise source corresponding by the way of changing noise source duty several times more Survey sound point measurement data；Then carrying out statistical analysis according to 1,2,3 pairs of measurement data of formula, obtaining air-borne sound transmission loss is Number m₁With structure_borne propagation loss coefficient m₂；Wherein, when carrying out statistical analysis, air-borne sound transmission loss coefficient m₁For definite value, knot Structure sound transmission loss coefficient m₂For the function changed with duty change；

$P^2=P_A^2+P_S^2---\left(1\right)$

$P_A^2=m_1*P_{(A,F)}^2---\left(2\right)$

$P_S^2=m_2*P_{(S,F)}^2---\left(3\right)$

In formula, P²Square acoustic pressure that noise survey sound point records is received for driver's ear is other；

For the other air-borne sound square acoustic pressure receiving noise survey sound point of driver's ear；

For the other structure-borne sound square acoustic pressure receiving noise survey sound point of driver's ear；

The air-borne sound square acoustic pressure recorded for air sounding sound point；

The structure-borne sound square acoustic pressure recorded for structure sounding sound point；

S4, utilizes air-borne sound transmission loss coefficient and structure_borne propagation loss coefficient can be calculated when reality is tested Driver receives noise survey sound point air-borne sound contribution rate under each operating mode and structure-borne sound contribution rate, it is achieved to air-borne sound and knot The separation of structure sound, in order to use means targetedly to reduce noise.

Described air-borne sound is defined as noise and is transmitted by acoustic energy as medium direct transmission by air in transmittance process To extraneous noise；The noise source that described structure-borne sound is defined as vibrating excites the structural vibration of each parts of vehicle body by bang path The noise radiated.

When described noise source is chosen to be the cooling fan of vehicle head, the arrangement of described air sounding sound point is, Headstock cools down dead ahead 0.5m at fan center and arranges the first air sounding sound point, and distance the first survey sound point 0.5m and first surveys Sound point position in same level arranges the second survey sound point, and has the first survey sound point and the line of the second survey sound point and vehicle Axis is vertical；The air recorded as air sounding sound point using the average of the first survey sound point and the second survey sound point during measurement is several Pressure, the air-borne sound acoustic pressure that i.e. noise source sends.

Square acoustic pressure of described air sounding sound point is converted to after calculating sound pressure level by formula 4；

$L_{P(A,F)}=10*\lg \[\frac{1}{2}*({10}^{0.1*L_{P(A1,F)}}+{10}^{0.1*L_{P(A2,F)}})\]---\left(4\right)$

In formula, L_P(A1,F)It it is the air-borne sound sound pressure level that records of the first air sounding sound point；

L_P(A2,F)It it is the air-borne sound sound pressure level that records of the second air sounding sound point；

L_P(A,F)The air-borne sound sound pressure level recorded for air sounding sound point.

When described noise source is chosen to be the cooling fan of vehicle head, the arrangement of described structure sounding sound point is at car The body side near vibration isolator that body is connected with cooling fan corner arranges vibrating sensor, records with four vibrating sensors The composite value of acceleration is as the construct noise of structure sounding sound point, the construct noise that i.e. noise source sends.Described noise source is sent out The construct noise gone out is converted to after calculating vibration acceleration level by formula 5,6；

$L_{P(S,F)}=10*\lg \left(\underset{i=1}{\overset{4}{\Σ}}{10}^{0.1*L_{pi(S,F)}}\right)---\left(5\right)$

$L_{pi(S,F)}=10*\lg \left(\frac{a_{i\left(F\right)}^2}{a_0^2}\right)---\left(6\right)$

In formula, L_P(S,F)For the construct noise at noise source, characterize with vibration acceleration level；

L_pi(S,F)It is the vibration acceleration level that in four vibrating sensors, i-th vibrating sensor is corresponding, unit dB；

a_i(F)It is the acceleration of vibration value that in four vibrating sensors, i-th vibrating sensor records, unit m/s²；

a₀For calculating acceleration of vibration reference value during vibration acceleration level, a₀=1*10^-6m/s²。

Described structure_borne propagation loss coefficient m₂Being selected specifically to of the function changed for changing with duty, m₂=f N (), n is cooling fan rotation speed.

Vehicle air sound of the present invention and structure-borne sound recognition methods are after classifying definition of noise, by the way of changing operating mode The transmission loss coefficient finding two noise likes is applied in the vehicle noise performance test of reality, enters respectively for each noise source Row operation, it is possible to accurate Quantitative Separation noise, finds source and type that vehicle noise produces, and then designs fall targetedly The scheme of making an uproar realizes the purpose of energy-saving and noise-reducing, additionally it is possible to simplify laboratory facilities, shortens the R&D cycle, reduces R&D costs；This noise Identification technology can operate with on car load the identification of the sound source not only producing airborne noise but also produce construct noise and separates, the most each Individual moving component such as electromotor, transmission assembly, various motor, various pump class, compressor and cooling fan etc.；With certain vehicle As a example by noise problem investigation, traditional method, need repeatedly to dismantle and change the investigation test of parts, use side of the present invention After method, investigation experiment about shortens one week, has saved hundreds thousand of units development costs.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 be the present invention using cooling fan as noise source carry out checking test time, use driving under A group vibration isolator state Member's parotic noise predictive value and the deviation schematic diagram of measured value；

Fig. 2 be the present invention using cooling fan as noise source carry out checking test time, use driving under B group vibration isolator state Member's parotic noise predictive value and the deviation schematic diagram of measured value.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.Should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention Rather than restriction the scope of the present invention.In addition, it is to be understood that after having read the content of present invention statement, people in the art The present invention can be made various changes or modifications by member, and these equivalent form of values fall within the application appended claims equally and limited Scope.

Embodiment 1

A kind of vehicle air sound and structure-borne sound recognition methods, comprise the following steps:

S1, is divided into air-borne sound and structure-borne sound two class by noise；

Described air-borne sound is defined as noise and is transmitted by acoustic energy as medium direct transmission by air in transmittance process To extraneous noise；The noise source that described structure-borne sound is defined as vibrating excites the structural vibration of each parts of vehicle body by bang path The noise radiated.

S2, selected noise source, and arrange survey sound point according to noise source；

Arrange air sounding sound point: microphone is set at air sounding sound point, makes the sound that air sounding sound point records The air-borne sound acoustic pressure that pressure sends with noise source is identical；

Arrangement sounding sound point: using the body side of noise source and vehicle body coupled position as structure sounding sound point, at knot On structure sounding sound point, vibrating sensor is set；

Arrange that driver receives noise survey sound point: receive noise using Che Nei driver ear position as driver and survey Sound point, receives noise survey sound point driver and arranges microphone；

S3, obtains organizing under each duty of noise source corresponding by the way of changing noise source duty several times more Survey sound point measurement data；Then carrying out statistical analysis according to 1,2,3 pairs of measurement data of formula, obtaining air-borne sound transmission loss is Number m₁With structure_borne propagation loss coefficient m₂；Wherein, when carrying out statistical analysis, air-borne sound transmission loss coefficient m₁For definite value, knot Structure sound transmission loss coefficient m₂For the function changed with duty change；

$P^2=P_A^2+P_S^2---\left(1\right)$

$P_A^2=m_1*P_{(A,F)}^2---\left(2\right)$

$P_S^2=m_2*P_{(S,F)}^2---\left(3\right)$

In formula, P²Square acoustic pressure that noise survey sound point records is received for driver's ear is other；

For the other air-borne sound square acoustic pressure receiving noise survey sound point of driver's ear；

For the other structure-borne sound square acoustic pressure receiving noise survey sound point of driver's ear；

The air-borne sound square acoustic pressure recorded for air sounding sound point；

The structure-borne sound square acoustic pressure recorded for structure sounding sound point；

S4, utilizes air-borne sound transmission loss coefficient and structure_borne propagation loss coefficient can be calculated when reality is tested Driver receives noise survey sound point air-borne sound contribution rate under each operating mode and structure-borne sound contribution rate, it is achieved to air-borne sound and knot The separation of structure sound, in order to use means targetedly to reduce noise；

In this embodiment, described noise source is chosen to be the cooling fan of vehicle head and carries out checking examination according to following flow process Test；

Step one, preparation two groups of vibration isolators of A, B；

Step 2, start to arrange measuring point；

The arrangement of described air sounding sound point is, cools down dead ahead 0.5m at fan center at headstock and arranges the first sky Gas sounding sound point, distance the first survey sound point 0.5m and first survey sound point position in same level arrange the second survey sound point, And have the line of the first survey sound point and the second survey sound point vertical with vehicle axis；With the first survey sound point and the second survey sound during measurement The air-borne sound acoustic pressure that the average of point records as air sounding sound point, the air-borne sound acoustic pressure that i.e. noise source sends.

When described noise source is chosen to be the cooling fan of vehicle head, the arrangement of described structure sounding sound point is at car The body side near vibration isolator that body is connected with cooling fan corner arranges vibrating sensor, records with four vibrating sensors The composite value of acceleration is as the construct noise of structure sounding sound point, the construct noise that i.e. noise source sends；Now vibration isolator is A Group vibration isolator；

In car, driver's auris dextra position arranges microphone, receives noise survey sound point as driver；

Step 3, proceed by noise testing, do not start vehicle motor during test and avoid interference, use DC high-power Power supply powers individually to cooling fan, arranges both end voltage and rises continuously, controls its rotating speed and rise to 2200rpm from 1000rpm, And monitor and record the rotating speed of two fans in real time with laser speed probe, gather the noise at each measuring point and vibration values, often Individual cooling fan rotation speed repeats to do three times；

Step 4, the noise data recorded by air sounding sound point and structure sounding sound point utilize formula 4,5,6 to calculate Obtain airborne noise sound pressure level L that air sounding sound point records_P(A,F)Vibration acceleration level L with structure sounding sound point_P(S,F)；

Square acoustic pressure of described air sounding sound point is converted to after calculating sound pressure level by formula 4；

$L_{P(A,F)}=10*\lg \[\frac{1}{2}*({10}^{0.1*L_{P(A1,F)}}+{10}^{0.1*L_{P(A2,F)}})\]---\left(4\right)$

In formula, L_P(A1,F)It it is the air-borne sound sound pressure level that records of the first air sounding sound point；

L_P(A2,F)It it is the air-borne sound sound pressure level that records of the second air sounding sound point；

L_P(A,F)The air-borne sound sound pressure level recorded for air sounding sound point.

The construct noise that described noise source sends is converted to after calculating vibration acceleration level by formula 5,6；

$L_{P(S,F)}=10*\lg \left(\underset{i=1}{\overset{4}{\Σ}}{10}^{0.1*L_{pi(S,F)}}\right)---\left(5\right)$

$L_{pi(S,F)}=10*\lg \left(\frac{a_{i\left(F\right)}^2}{a_0^2}\right)---\left(6\right)$

In formula, L_P(S,F)For the construct noise at noise source, characterize by vibration levels of acceleration；

L_pi(S,F)It is the vibration acceleration level that in four vibrating sensors, i-th vibrating sensor is corresponding, unit dB；

a_i(F)It is the acceleration of vibration value that in four vibrating sensors, i-th vibrating sensor records, unit m/s²；

a₀For calculating acceleration of vibration reference value during vibration acceleration level, a₀=1*10^-6m/s²。

Step 5, by formula 1,2,3, be calculated after statistical analysis air-borne sound transmission loss coefficient m₁And structure-borne sound Transmission loss coefficient m₂, in the present embodiment, described structure_borne propagation loss coefficient m₂For the letter changed with duty change Being selected specifically to of number, m₂=f (n), n are cooling fan rotation speed.

Step 6, utilize air-borne sound transmit loss coefficient m₁With structure_borne propagation loss coefficient m₂Try to achieve A group vibration isolator state Under the other predictive value receiving noise of driver's ear, and receive other with driver's ear for other for the driver's ear predictive value receiving noise The actual value that noise survey sound point records compares, and obtains data as shown in Figure 1, under A group vibration isolator state, by driver's ear Receive predictive value and driver's ear other reception noise survey sound point measured value average phase difference 0.2dB (A), the relative deviation of noise Being 0.59%, concordance is preferable；The uncertainty of the other predictive value receiving noise of driver's ear is 0.71dB (A), meets engineering Demand；

Step 7, vibration isolator is replaced by B group vibration isolator, repeats direct step 6 after step 3 obtains noise data and ask Obtain the other predictive value receiving noise of the driver's ear under B group vibration isolator state, and by other for the driver's ear predictive value receiving noise Compared with the actual value that driver's ear other reception noise survey sound point records, obtain data as shown in Figure 2, B group vibration isolator Under state, the other predictive value noise measured value that receive noise survey sound point other with driver's ear receiving noise of driver's ear is put down All differing 0.4dB (A), relative deviation 0.99%, concordance is preferable, it was predicted that the uncertainty of value is 0.73dB (A), meets engineering Demand, provides reliable basis for vibration and noise reducing work.

Claims (7)

1. vehicle air sound and a structure-borne sound recognition methods, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:

S1, is divided into separate air-borne sound and structure-borne sound two class by noise；

S2, selected noise source, and arrange survey sound point according to noise source；

Arrange air sounding sound point: microphone is set at air sounding sound point, make noise acoustic pressure that air sounding sound point records with The air-borne sound acoustic pressure that noise source sends is identical；

Arrangement sounding sound point: using the body side of noise source and vehicle body coupled position as structure sounding sound point, at structure-borne sound On survey sound point, vibrating sensor is set；

Arrange that driver receives noise survey sound point: receive noise survey sound using Che Nei driver ear position as driver Point, receives noise survey sound point driver and arranges microphone；

S3, obtains organizing survey corresponding under each duty of noise source by the way of changing noise source duty several times more Sound point measurement data；Then carry out statistical analysis according to 1,2,3 pairs of measurement data of formula, obtain air-borne sound transmission loss coefficient m₁ With structure_borne propagation loss coefficient m₂；Wherein, when carrying out statistical analysis, air-borne sound transmission loss coefficient m₁For definite value, structure-borne sound Transmission loss coefficient m₂For the function changed with duty change；

$P^2=P_A^2+P_S^2---\left(1\right)$

$P_A^2=m_1*P_{(A,F)}^2---\left(2\right)$

$P_S^2=m_2*P_{(S,F)}^2---\left(3\right)$

In formula, P²Square acoustic pressure that noise survey sound point records is received for driver's ear is other；

For the other air-borne sound square acoustic pressure receiving noise survey sound point of driver's ear；

For the other structure-borne sound square acoustic pressure receiving noise survey sound point of driver's ear；

The air-borne sound square acoustic pressure recorded for air sounding sound point；

The structure-borne sound square acoustic pressure recorded for structure sounding sound point；

S4, utilizes air-borne sound transmission loss coefficient and structure_borne propagation loss coefficient can be calculated driving when reality is tested Member receives noise survey sound point air-borne sound contribution rate under each operating mode and structure-borne sound contribution rate, it is achieved to air-borne sound and structure-borne sound Separation, in order to use targetedly means reduce noise.

2. vehicle air sound as claimed in claim 1 and structure-borne sound recognition methods, is characterized in that: described air-borne sound is defined as making an uproar Acoustic energy is delivered to the noise in the external world in transmittance process by sound by air as the direct transmission of medium；Described structure-borne sound defines The noise exciting the structural vibration of each parts of vehicle body to be radiated by bang path by the noise source vibrated.

3. vehicle air sound as claimed in claim 2 and structure-borne sound recognition methods, is characterized in that: described noise source is chosen to be car The cooling fan of head, the arrangement of described air sounding sound point is, dead ahead 0.5m at headstock cooling fan center Arranging the first air sounding sound point, distance the first survey sound point 0.5m and the first survey sound point position in same level is arranged Second survey sound point, and have the line of the first survey sound point and the second survey sound point vertical with vehicle axis；With the first survey sound during measurement The air-borne sound acoustic pressure that the average of point and the second survey sound point records as air sounding sound point, the air that i.e. noise source sends is several Pressure.

4. vehicle air sound as claimed in claim 3 and structure-borne sound recognition methods, is characterized in that: described air sounding sound point Square acoustic pressure is converted to after calculating sound pressure level by formula 4；

$L_{P(A,F)}=10*\lg \[\frac{1}{2}*({10}^{0.1*L_{P(A1,F)}}+{10}^{0.1*L_{P(A2,F)}})\]---\left(4\right)$

In formula, L_P(A1,F)It it is the air-borne sound sound pressure level that records of the first air sounding sound point；

L_P(A2,F)It it is the air-borne sound sound pressure level that records of the second air sounding sound point；

L_P(A,F)The air-borne sound sound pressure level recorded for air sounding sound point.

5. vehicle air sound as claimed in claim 2 and structure-borne sound recognition methods, is characterized in that: described noise source is chosen to be car During the cooling fan of head, the arrangement of described structure sounding sound point is the vibration isolation being connected with cooling fan corner at vehicle body Body side near pad arranges vibrating sensor, and the composite value of the acceleration recorded using four vibrating sensors is as structure sounding The construct noise of sound point, the construct noise that i.e. noise source sends.

6. vehicle air sound as claimed in claim 5 and structure-borne sound recognition methods, is characterized in that: the knot that described noise source sends Structure noise is converted to after calculating vibration acceleration level by formula 5,6；

$L_{P(S,F)}=10*\lg \left(\underset{i=1}{\overset{4}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{10}^{0.1*L_{pi(S,F)}}\right)---\left(5\right)$

$L_{pi(S,F)}=10*\lg \left(\frac{a_{i\left(F\right)}^2}{a_0^2}\right)---\left(6\right)$

In formula, L_P(S,F)For the construct noise at noise source, characterize with vibration acceleration level；

L_pi(S,F)It is the vibration acceleration level that in four vibrating sensors, i-th vibrating sensor is corresponding, unit dB；

a_i(F)It is the acceleration of vibration value that in four vibrating sensors, i-th vibrating sensor records, unit m/s²；

a₀For calculating acceleration of vibration reference value during vibration acceleration level, a₀=1*10^-6m/s²。

7. the vehicle air sound as described in any one claim in claim 3～6 and structure-borne sound recognition methods, its feature It is: described structure_borne propagation loss coefficient m₂Being selected specifically to of the function changed for changing with duty, m₂=f (n), n For cooling fan rotation speed.