CN106197544A - Particle packing type is emanated the determination method of physical parameter and measurement apparatus thereof that medium radon migrates - Google Patents
Particle packing type is emanated the determination method of physical parameter and measurement apparatus thereof that medium radon migrates Download PDFInfo
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- CN106197544A CN106197544A CN201610565316.4A CN201610565316A CN106197544A CN 106197544 A CN106197544 A CN 106197544A CN 201610565316 A CN201610565316 A CN 201610565316A CN 106197544 A CN106197544 A CN 106197544A
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- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 271
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 266
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000006101 laboratory sample Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000000205 computational method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282376 Panthera tigris Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- LBDSXVIYZYSRII-IGMARMGPSA-N alpha-particle Chemical compound [4He+2] LBDSXVIYZYSRII-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000031068 symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001839 systemic circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000442 triuranium octoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010863 uranium mill tailing Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001727 uranium mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of particle packing type medium radon of emanating and migrate the determination method of physical parameter and measurement apparatus, the radon diffusion coefficient of this type of medium, can migrate radon production rate, medium permeability and porosity can be determined simultaneously.Measure the experimental provision using the present invention to provide, determine under pure diffusion poised state bottom medium radon consistence value and the gas pressure gradient of medium of recyclegas the most in the same time under hole radon consistence and the radon consistence of surface environment air, two kinds of sealing and circulating volumes；Then migration radon amount α, permeability k of porous media and the diffusion coefficient D obtaining porosity ε of porous media, the generation of unit volume pore media is utilized.The inventive method can determine multiple physical parameter simultaneously, and apparatus structure is simple, manufacture and maintenance cost is low, easily operate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to porous emanate medium radon Migration Simulation and control field, be specifically related to a kind of sandy loam, hillock, ore deposit
The particle packing type such as clitter and tailing heap is emanated the determination method of physical parameter and measurement apparatus that medium radon migrates, the most right
The particle packing types such as sandy loam, hillock, ore storage and tailing heap emanate the radon diffusion coefficient of medium, radon production rate of can migrating, ooze
Thoroughly rate and the determination method of porosity and measurement apparatus.
Background technology
Radon is radgas, and after people suck, respiratory system will be caused radiation to damage by the alpha-particle that radon decay produces
Wound, induces pulmonary carcinoma.Dong Shi World Health Organization (WHO) (World Health Organization is called for short WHO) announce 19 kinds is main
One of carcinogen, is to be only second to medicated cigarette to cause the second largest arch-criminal of Human Lung Cancer.
Sandy loam, hillock, ore storage and tailing heap etc. containing particle packing emanate medium be uranium mine air radon main come
Source.The radon gas that this kind of medium produces will be transported along pore channel connect between granule under the Concentraton gradient effect with barometric gradient
Move and separate out.Owing to the emanate radon diffusion coefficient of medium, can migrate radon production rate, permeability and porosity of particle packing type is subject to
Relatively big to the impact of particle size distribution and accumulation mode etc., according to seepage flow-diffusion theory, use the means research of laboratory experiment
The migration of this kind of medium radon and Precipitation Behavior, and when carrying out precipitation rate of radon estimation, in order to study the Transport of radon in medium
With estimation surface precipitation rate of radon, it must be determined that the radon diffusion coefficient of medium, can migrate radon production rate, permeability and porosity etc.
Four physical parameters, to guarantee that the radon that experiment obtains migrates and the accuracy of Precipitation Behavior.
At present, the assay method of these four physical parameters is more complicated, and the determination process such as radon production rate of can migrating also needs to
Measure other intermediate parameters: the density of radium content, emanation coefficient and medium；Meanwhile, each physical parameter is required to alone
Experimental provision.Therefore, if measuring these four physical parameters one by one and needing to expend substantial amounts of human and material resources and time.
Therefore, if provide one to determine simultaneously, the particle packing types such as sandy loam, hillock, ore storage and Uranium tailings heap are emanated Jie
The radon diffusion coefficient of matter, the simple and easy method of can migrate radon production rate, permeability and porosity and measurement apparatus, can not only reduce
Substantial amounts of human and material resources and time, and to accurately carry out radon migration in such medium and separate out experimentation have
Important practical value..
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to disclose a set of new system: particle packing type is emanated physical parameter that medium radon migrates
Determine method and measurement apparatus.This particle packing type is utilized to emanate the determination method of medium radon Migration Simulation physical parameter and measurement
Device, can be drawn particle packing type to emanate in medium by formula (7), (9) and (15) can to migrate radon production rate α, porosity ε, Jie
The parameters such as matter permeability k and radon diffusion coefficient D.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of particle packing type emanate medium radon migrate physical parameter measurement apparatus, this measurement apparatus include radon disperser,
Outside collection radon cylinder, closed cycle radon concentration measuring device and differential pressure measurement device,
Described radon disperser includes base plate (1), has the orifice plate (2) of gauze, rubber washer (3), porous probe tube (6) and dress
Sample cylinder (7),；Base plate (1), have the orifice plate (2) of gauze, rubber washer (3) and dress sample cylinder (7) be sequentially connected with；Porous samples
Pipe (6) wrap with bundle after be inserted into dress sample cylinder (7) bottom, the circular hole in porous probe tube (6) down, pressure-measuring pipe (12)
Mouth of pipe rubber stopper (5) seals.
Described outside collection radon cylinder includes upper-part centralized radon cylinder (13) with external ozzle (14) and bottom collection radon cylinder (8)；
Described closed cycle radon concentration measuring device includes emanometer (17), drying device (18), effusion meter (19), circulation air pump
(21), flow control valve (20), connecting tube (15) and three troubles connecting tube (16)；
Described differential pressure measurement device includes pressure-measuring pipe (12), U-shaped tilting differential manometer (10), support (9) and connecting tube (11)；
The base plate (1) of described radon disperser bottom removes, and the bottom of radon disperser is connected with bottom collection radon cylinder (8), on
Portion is connected with upper-part centralized radon cylinder (13)；Dress sample cylinder (7) passes through connecting tube (11) and pressure-measuring pipe (12) and is located on support (9)
U-shaped tilting differential manometer (10) connect；The upper end of described closed cycle radon concentration measuring device by external ozzle (14) with
Upper-part centralized radon cylinder (13) connects, and lower end is connected with bottom collection radon cylinder (8) by external ozzle (14).
Accompany rubber washer (3) between described flange to seal, in order to avoid gas leakage.
The cylinder of described upper-part centralized radon cylinder (13) replaceable different volumes.
A kind of particle packing type is emanated the determination method of medium radon Migration Simulation physical parameter, utilizes this particle packing type to penetrate
Gas medium radon migrates determination method and the measurement apparatus of physical parameter, formula (7), (9) and (15) in drawing medium, radon spreads
Coefficient D and can migrate radon production rate α, medium permeability k and porosity ε parameter, specifically measure and determine that method is as follows:
(1) medium inner pore radon consistence and the measurement of surface environment radon in air concentration under pure diffusion poised state
1) preparation of radon disperser
By base plate (1), the orifice plate (2) of gauze, rubber washer (3) and dress sample cylinder (7) is had to connect；Wrap porous with bundle to take
It is inserted into dress sample cylinder (7) bottom after sample tubule (6), samples the circular hole in tubule (6) down, pressure-measuring pipe (12) mouth of pipe rubber
Plug (5) seals, and installs radon disperser, fills water and checks the air-tightness of device.
2) laboratory sample prepares
Determine mensuration object, and gather laboratory sample, afterwards it is dried in the drying oven that temperature is 105 DEG C.
3) dress sample
As requested the laboratory sample layering dried uniformly is loaded in dress sample cylinder (7), until sample surfaces and upper flange
Face maintains an equal level.
4) mensuration of balance and hole radon consistence is stood
Allow and be open in draughty atmospheric environment equipped with the emanate radon disperser of medium of particle packing type so that it is interior generation
Radon gas be in pure disperse state.After static 3 days, the gas sample used in pin hole syringe extraction probe tube (6) for every 6 hours,
Inject in off-the-shelf scintillation chamber.The radon consistence of sample is measured after standing 3～3.5 hours.Hole radon consistence is calculated as follows.
(1)
In formula (1): C (x) measures hole radon consistence bottom sample, unit Bq m-3；NCBackground adds the flat of sample counting rate
Average, unit cpm；NBThe meansigma methods of background counting rate, unit cpm；NLOutdoor air counting rate, unit cpm；VSDodge
Bright building volume, unit m3；The sample volume of V pin hole syringe, unit m3；L calibration factor, unit Bq m-3/cpm。
If the hole radon consistence that continuous 3 times record is close, laboratory sample has reached diffusion poised state.
5) surrounding air radon consistence and the determination of bottom hole diffusion balance radon consistence
During this period, the radon consistence of Continuous Instrument for Radon monitoring indoor air is used.Owing to room air radon consistence changes not
Greatly, the radon consistence that meansigma methods is laboratory sample surface environment air of monitoring radon consistence is taken.Take and step 4) determining, diffusion is flat
The meansigma methods of 3 hole radon consistence of weighing apparatus state is the stable hole radon consistence of dress sample cylinder body bottom x=0m。
The measurement of the gas pressure gradient of the stable radon consistence of recyclegas and medium in device under (2) two kinds of closed volumes
1) preparation of the gas pressure gradient measurement apparatus of the stable radon consistence of recyclegas and medium in device
As shown in Figure 2, first the base plate (1) of radon disperser bottom is removed；Then by its underpart and bottom collection radon cylinder (8)
Connecting, top is connected with upper-part centralized radon cylinder (13)；Afterwards will dress sample cylinder (7), support (9), U-shaped tilting differential manometer
(10), connecting tube (11) and pressure-measuring pipe (12) connect；Finally by closed cycle radon concentration measuring device respectively with upper-part centralized radon cylinder
Body (13) and bottom collection radon cylinder (8) connect.
After measurement apparatus installs, check the air-tightness of whole device.Method particularly includes: by dress sample cylinder (7) bottom
Probe tube (6) mouth of pipe in device, blast the gas of certain pressure after, close the valve of air-blowing pipeline, observe tilting pressure reduction
Meter registration is the most stable, if stable, then shows that the air-tightness of device is good；Otherwise, then check that the connection of device does gas again
Close property is tested.
After airtight test, after pressure release to atmosphere pressure state, seal probe tube (6) mouth of pipe with rubber stopper (5), accurate
Standby subsequent experimental.
2) mensuration of recyclegas radon consistence in locking device the most in the same time
First the external ozzle of upper-part centralized radon cylinder (13) is disconnected with closed cycle radon concentration measuring device, start Continuous Instrument for Radon
(17) and circulation air pump (21), regulation flow control valve (20) make circular flow be much larger than the recycle stream of Continuous Instrument for Radon (17)
Amount, sucks ambient atmos by the ozzle of upper-part centralized radon cylinder and is diluted the gas in device, outlet activated carbon adsorption.
After dilution a period of time, the external ozzle (14) of upper-part centralized radon cylinder is filled with closed cycle radon concentration monitoring immediately
Put connection, and after setting the continuous monitoring pattern of Continuous Instrument for Radon (17), the recyclegas obtained will be monitored for the first time
Radon consistence is designated as.Monitor the recyclegas radon consistence obtained the most in the same time to be designated as successively、、……、(n >=5).
Upper-part centralized radon cylinder (13) is replaced by the upper-part centralized radon cylinder of large volume.Same method is used to measure another envelope
Recyclegas radon consistence in the long-pending lower locking device of closure、、……、(n >=5).
3) mensuration of gas pressure gradient in sample
The stable radon consistence C of recyclegas in determinator2Time, the reading of recording flowmeter (19)Q, indoor temperature T and
The length difference △ of U-shaped tilting differential manometer (10)l, difference in height △ H between two pressure-measuring pipes (12).The pressure of gas in sample
Gradient is calculated as follows:
(2)
In formula (2): △ P is the gas pressure gradient in sample, unit Pa/m；△ H is the difference in height of two pressure-measuring pipes (12), unit
m；△lFor the length difference in U-shaped tilting differential manometer (10) intraluminal fluid face, unit m；For inclining of U-shaped tilting differential manometer (10)
Tiltedly coefficient；ρ is the density of U-shaped tilting differential manometer (10) liquid in pipe, units/kg/m3；G is acceleration of gravity, g=9.8m/s2；
In sample, the percolation flow velocity of gas is calculated as follows:
(3)
In formula (3): v is the percolation flow velocity of gas, unit m/s in sample；QFor the flow of recyclegas, unit m3/s；
S is the cross-sectional area of sample, unit m2；
(3) particle packing type is emanated radon production rate α, porosity ε, medium permeability k and the radon diffusion coefficient D of can migrating in medium
Determination
1) the migrated radon production rate α of sample and the determination of porosity ε
The radon gas produced when laboratory sample is closing space internal circulation flow.Can according to nucleic decay theory and mass conservation law
The differential equation of radon consistence under poised state:
(4)
In formula (4): V0For the volume of sample, unit m3；VOutwardFor the volume in outer loop space, unit m3；λ is decay coefficient,
2.1×10-6/s；ε is the porosity of porous media；α is the migrated radon production rate of sample, unit Bq/ (m3·s)；
If, then the analytic solutions of formula (4) are:
(5)
Order, the analytic expression (5) that the radon consistence of closing space cycle gas increases in time can be reduced to lead to
Formula。
When the external common upper-part centralized radon cylinder of device, in formula, A's is calculated as A1, when the upper-part centralized radon of external large volume
During cylinder, in formula, A's is calculated as A2.Then:
(6)
In formula (6): V1For the volume of common upper-part centralized radon cylinder, unit m3；V2Body for the upper-part centralized radon cylinder of large volume
Long-pending, unit m3；V3For the volume of bottom collection radon cylinder (8), unit m3；V4For the volume of closed cycle radon concentration measuring device, list
Position m3。
Use method of least square, the radon consistence value the most in the same time recorded during by external upper-part centralized radon cylinder (13)、、
、……、(n >=5) pressIt is fitted, obtains A1Value；In like manner by external upper-part centralized radon cylinder
(13) the radon consistence value the most in the same time recorded time、、……、(n >=5) pressIt is fitted,
Obtain A2Value.
Least square fitting is obtained A1And A2Substitute into formula (7), obtain laboratory sample migrated radon production rate α and
Porosity ε.
(7)
2) determination of permeability k of sample
Can be shown that percolation flow velocity with barometric gradient variation relation is by Darcy's law:
(8)
In formula (8): k is permeability, unit m2；μ is the air coefficient of viscosity, unit Pa S.
By formula (2), (3), (8) it follows that
(9)
3) determination of the radon diffusion coefficient D of sample
Under pure diffusion stable case, thickness isl 0 Particle packing type is emanated medium226The radon that Ra decay produces decays at self
Finally tend towards stability with under diffusion.Radon is set up according to nucleic decay theory, gas diffusion theory and mass conservation law
The diffusive migration differential equation of gas is:
(10)
In steady statue,, formula (10) becomes:
(11)
In the environment that ventilation state is good, formula (11) and boundary condition thereof be:
(12)
The analytic solutions of formula (12) are:
(13)
From formula (13) it can be seen that under pure diffusion conditions one-dimensional particle packing emanate medium radon consistence distribution with diffusion system
Number, the physical features (can migrate radon production rate α and porosity ε) of medium itself and the decay coefficient λ of radon are relevant.Owing to transporting
Move radon production rate α and porosity ε formula (5) it has been determined that λ is known constant.Therefore can be by x=0, C (0)=CdSubstitute into analytic expression
:
(14)
In formula (14): D is diffusion coefficient, unit m2/s；λ is decay coefficient, 2.1x10-6/s；ε is the porosity of porous media；α is
The migration radon amount that unit volume pore media produces, unit Bq/ (m3·s)；By the solution of the available diffusion coefficient D of formula (14) it is:
(15)
The particle packing type that the present invention provides emanate the migrated radon production rate α of radon in medium, porosity ε, medium permeability k with
And the advantage of the computational methods of radon diffusion coefficient D and measurement apparatus thereof is as follows:
1, by changing the outside volume collecting radon body, and the diffusion of radon in the densitometer of radon calculates medium in cylinder stationary stage is measured
Coefficient D, can migrate radon production rate α, permeability k and porosity ε, substantially increase the accuracy of result of calculation, can avoid
The step of the loaded down with trivial details and interassay parameter of lookup data, the most both can ensure that the accuracy of parameter, can save again manpower,
Material resources, financial resources.
2, these computational methods and device are readily adaptable for use in the mensuration of other material parameter.
3, measurement apparatus has making simply, low cost, and the suitability is strong, reusable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is radon disperser schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is gas pressure gradient measurement apparatus one in the radon consistence of recyclegas in device and medium；
Fig. 3 is gas pressure gradient measurement apparatus two in the radon consistence of recyclegas in device and medium.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of particle packing type is emanated the determination method of physical parameter that medium radon migrates, here as a example by two kinds of samples,
The determination of physical parameter illustrating to emanate particle packing type medium radon migrating.
Sample 1: from the Ore of new upper dump leaching ore deposit heap, the mineral in Ore are by hydrothermal mineral and country rock residual minerals group
Becoming, the ensaying data that mine provides shows that main uranium mineral is pitch blende and the secondary mineral of a small amount of uranium, and with yellow ferrum
The symbiosis such as ore deposit, quartz.This experiment is 2.61 × 10 with sample rate3kg/m3, particle diameter 0mm～9mm, uranium grade is about 0.145%,
U Ra equilibrium coefficient is about 1.04.
Sample 2: experiment sandy loam crouches Tiger Mountain from University Of Nanhua.The radium content of sample is 15Bq/kg, particle diameter be 0mm ~
2mm, loose bulk density is about 1.6g/cm3。
1, experimental procedure
(1) medium inner pore radon consistence and the measurement of surface environment radon in air concentration under pure diffusion poised state
Measurement apparatus size and other parameter are as follows:
Dress sample cylinder (7) height is 0.5m, and internal diameter is 0.1m, and thickness is 6mm, then example cross section amasss A and is
, dress sample cylinder volume (volume containing rubber washer) is；The volume of sample 1 and 2 is V0=V=3.925×10-3m3。
Bottom integrate radon cylinder (8) height as 0.125m, internal diameter is 0.1m, and thickness is 6mm, and volume is V3=0.98125×10-3m3；It is 6mm that externally measured Guan Jun uses external diameter, and internal diameter is the rubber pipeline of 4mm, and total length is 1.5m, and cumulative volume is V4
=0.72L (comprises the volume 0.0188L of emanometer internal volume 0.7L and pipeline)；
Common upper-part centralized radon cylinder volume (volume containing rubber washer) is V1=0.98125×10-3m3.The upper-part centralized of large volume
Radon cylinder long-pending (volume containing rubber washer) is V2=1.9625×10-3m3, indoor temperature T is about T=20 DEG C, then air viscous system
Number μ is μ=1.8107 × 10-5Pa S, the density of U-shaped tilting differential manometer (10) liquid in pipe is ρ=1 × 103kg/m3, flow
Meter (19) is micro flowmeter, and its measurement scope is 0.5-8L/min, the measurement scope of U-shaped tilting differential manometer (10) is 0 ~
150mm, its inclination factorFor: 0.1,0.2,0.5,0.7, circulation air pump (21) is micro air pump, and maximum pressure is 40kpa,
Systemic circulation flow is 11 L/min.
After installing radon disperser as shown in Figure 1, fill water and check the air-tightness of device.
Laboratory sample is dried 6 hours in the drying oven maintaining temperature to be 105 DEG C.The laboratory sample dried is layered uniformly
Load in dress sample cylinder (7), until sample surfaces maintains an equal level with upper flange face.Allow equipped with particle packing type emanate medium radon expand
In bulk putting is open in draughty atmospheric environment so that it is the radon gas of interior generation is in pure disperse state.After static 3 days, every 6
Hour use the gas sample in pin hole syringe extraction probe tube (6) of 20ml, inject in off-the-shelf scintillation chamber.Stand 3
～after 3.5 hours, measuring the radon consistence of sample, hole radon consistence is calculated by formula (1).If the hole radon consistence phase that continuous 3 times record
Closely, laboratory sample has reached diffusion poised state.
During this period, the radon consistence of Continuous Instrument for Radon monitoring indoor air is used.Take the meansigma methods of monitoring radon consistence
Radon consistence for laboratory sample surface environment air.The meansigma methods of 3 the hole radon consistence taking diffusion poised state is dress sample cylinder
The stable hole radon consistence of x=0m bottom body.Bottom sample 1 and sample 2, (x=0) hole radon consistence is dense with surface environment radon in air
Degree is shown in Table 1 and table 2 respectively.
Table 1 sample 1 inner bottom part (x=0) hole radon consistence CdWith surface environment radon in air concentration Ca
(x=0) hole radon consistence C bottom table 2 sample 2dWith surface environment radon in air concentration Ca
The measurement of the gas pressure gradient of the stable radon consistence of recyclegas and medium in device under (2) two kinds of closed volumes
First the ozzle of upper-part centralized radon cylinder (13) is disconnected with closed cycle radon concentration measuring device, start Continuous Instrument for Radon (17)
With circulation air pump (21), regulation flow control valve (20) makes circular flow be much larger than the circular flow of Continuous Instrument for Radon (17), logical
Gas in device is diluted by the ozzle suction ambient atmos crossing upper-part centralized radon cylinder, outlet activated carbon adsorption.
After dilution 30min, device is connected and close, measure recyclegas radon consistence and be designated as.Hereafter by the monitoring cycle it is
The recyclegas radon consistence that 30min monitoring obtains is designated as successively、、……、(n >=5).By common upper-part centralized radon cylinder more
It is changed to the upper-part centralized radon cylinder of large volume, uses same method to measure under another closed volume recyclegas radon consistence in device、、……、。
The monitoring cycle measuring sample 2 is 60min, and other are with sample 1.
When test object be sample 1 with sample 2 time different closed volume devices in the radon consistence monitoring result of recyclegas
It is shown in Table 3 and table 4 respectively.
The radon consistence monitoring result of recyclegas in difference closed volume device tested when object is sample 1 by table 3
The radon consistence monitoring result of recyclegas in difference closed volume device tested when object is sample 2 by table 4
In table 3, adjacent monitoring point time interval is 30min, is i.e. separated by 1800s；In table 4, adjacent monitoring point time interval is
60min, is i.e. separated by 1800s.By the C in table 3 and table 41(t) and C2T () presses respectivelyIt is fitted,
Fitting result is shown in Table 5.
Table 5 fitting result
3) mensuration of gas pressure gradient in sample
The stable radon consistence C of recyclegas in determinator2Time, the reading of recording flowmeter (19)Q, indoor temperature T and
The length difference △ of U-shaped tilting differential manometer (10)l.During test sample 1, inclination factor is chosen for when 0.2, test sample 2 tilting
Coefficient is chosen for 0.7；Difference in height △ H between two pressure-measuring pipes (12).In sample, the barometric gradient of gas is calculated by formula (2)；
In sample, the percolation flow velocity of gas is calculated by formula (3).In sample, gas flow relevant parameter monitoring result is shown in Table 5.
Gas flow relevant parameter monitoring result in table 6 sample
(3) physical parameter that sample radon migrates can be drawn accordingly:
The formula (7), (9) and (15) that Monitoring Data in table 1-table 5 is substituted into the present invention provides obtains the hole of porous media
Migration radon amount α, permeability k of porous media and the diffusion coefficient D that rate ε, unit volume pore media produce.
The physical parameter that 7 two sample radons of table migrate
Claims (5)
1. particle packing type medium radon of emanating migrates the measurement apparatus of physical parameter, including radon disperser, outside collection radon cylinder,
Closed cycle radon concentration measuring device and differential pressure measurement device, it is characterised in that
Described radon disperser includes base plate (1), has the orifice plate (2) of gauze, rubber washer (3), porous probe tube (6) and dress
Sample cylinder (7),；Base plate (1), have the orifice plate (2) of gauze, rubber washer (3) and dress sample cylinder (7) be sequentially connected with；Porous samples
Pipe (6) wrap with bundle after be inserted into dress sample cylinder (7) bottom, the circular hole in porous probe tube (6) down, pressure-measuring pipe (12)
Mouth of pipe rubber stopper (5) seals；
Described outside collection radon cylinder includes upper-part centralized radon cylinder (13) with external ozzle (14) and bottom collection radon cylinder (8)；
Described closed cycle radon concentration measuring device includes emanometer (17), drying device (18), effusion meter (19), circulation air pump
(21), flow control valve (20), connecting tube (15) and three troubles connecting tube (16)；
Described differential pressure measurement device includes pressure-measuring pipe (12), U-shaped tilting differential manometer (10), support (9) and connecting tube (11)；
The base plate (1) of described radon disperser bottom removes, and the bottom of radon disperser is connected with bottom collection radon cylinder (8), on
Portion is connected with upper-part centralized radon cylinder (13)；Dress sample cylinder (7) passes through connecting tube (11) and pressure-measuring pipe (12) and is located on support (9)
U-shaped tilting differential manometer (10) connect；The upper end of described closed cycle radon concentration measuring device by external ozzle (14) with
Upper-part centralized radon cylinder (13) connects, and lower end is connected with bottom collection radon cylinder (8) by external ozzle (14).
Particle packing type the most according to claim 1 emanate medium radon migrate physical parameter measurement apparatus, its feature exists
In, accompany rubber washer (3) between described flange and seal, in order to avoid gas leakage.
Particle packing type the most according to claim 1 emanate medium radon migrate physical parameter measurement apparatus, its feature exists
In, the cylinder of described upper-part centralized radon cylinder (13) replaceable different volumes.
4. a particle packing type is emanated the determination method of medium radon Migration Simulation physical parameter, it is characterised in that specifically measure
With determine that method is as follows:
(1) medium inner pore radon consistence and the measurement of surface environment radon in air concentration under pure diffusion poised state, specifically includes:
1) preparation of radon disperser
By base plate (1), the orifice plate (2) of gauze, rubber washer (3) and dress sample cylinder (7) is had to connect；Wrap porous with bundle to take
Being inserted into dress sample cylinder (7) bottom after sample tubule (6), down, pressure-measuring pipe (12) mouth of pipe uses rubber to the circular hole in porous probe tube (6)
Plug (5) seals, and installs radon disperser, fills water and checks the air-tightness of device；
2) laboratory sample prepares
Determine mensuration object, and gather laboratory sample, it is dried in the drying oven that temperature is 105 DEG C,
3) dress sample
The laboratory sample layering dried uniformly is loaded in dress sample cylinder (7), until sample surfaces maintains an equal level with upper flange face；
4) mensuration of balance and hole radon consistence is stood
Allow and be open in draughty atmospheric environment equipped with the emanate radon disperser of medium of particle packing type so that it is interior generation
Radon gas be in pure disperse state, after static 3 days, the gas used in pin hole syringe extraction porous probe tube (6) for every 6 hours
Sample, injects in off-the-shelf scintillation chamber, measures the radon consistence of sample after standing 3～3.5 hours, and hole radon consistence is counted as the following formula
Calculate
(1)
In formula (1): C (x) measures hole radon consistence bottom sample, unit Bq m-3；NCBackground adds the flat of sample counting rate
Average, unit cpm；NBThe meansigma methods of background counting rate, unit cpm；NLOutdoor air counting rate, unit cpm；VSDodge
Bright building volume, unit m3；The sample volume of V pin hole syringe, unit m3；L calibration factor, unit Bq m-3/cpm；
If the hole radon consistence that continuous 3 times record is close, laboratory sample has reached diffusion poised state；
5) surrounding air radon consistence and the determination of bottom hole diffusion balance radon consistence
Use the radon consistence of Continuous Instrument for Radon monitoring indoor air, owing to the change of room air radon consistence is little, take monitoring
The meansigma methods of radon consistence is the radon consistence of laboratory sample surface environment air, take and step 4) determine the 3 of diffusion poised state
The meansigma methods of secondary hole radon consistence is the stable hole radon consistence of dress sample cylinder body bottom x=0m；
The measurement of the gas pressure gradient of the stable radon consistence of recyclegas and medium in device, tool under (2) two kinds of closed volumes
Body includes:
2.1) preparation of the gas pressure gradient measurement apparatus of the stable radon consistence of recyclegas and medium in device
First the base plate (1) of radon disperser bottom is removed；Then will be connected with bottom collection radon cylinder (8) bottom it, top with
Upper-part centralized radon cylinder (13) connects；Afterwards will dress sample cylinder (7), support (9), U-shaped tilting differential manometer (10), connecting tube (11)
Connect with pressure-measuring pipe (12)；Finally by closed cycle radon concentration measuring device respectively with upper-part centralized radon cylinder (13) and bottom collection radon
Cylinder (8) connects；
After measurement apparatus installs, check the air-tightness of whole device；
After airtight test, after pressure release to atmosphere pressure state, seal probe tube (6) mouth of pipe with rubber stopper (5), after preparation
Continuous experiment；
2.2) mensuration of recyclegas radon consistence in locking device the most in the same time
First the external ozzle of upper-part centralized radon cylinder (13) is disconnected with closed cycle radon concentration measuring device, start Continuous Instrument for Radon
(17) and circulation air pump (21), regulation flow control valve (20) make circular flow be much larger than the recycle stream of Continuous Instrument for Radon (17)
Amount, sucks ambient atmos by the external ozzle of upper-part centralized radon cylinder (13) and is diluted the gas in device, and outlet is lived
Property charcoal absorption；
After dilution, the external ozzle (14) of upper-part centralized radon cylinder is connected with closed cycle radon concentration measuring device immediately, and sets
After having put the continuous monitoring pattern of Continuous Instrument for Radon (17), it is designated as monitoring the recyclegas radon consistence obtained for the first time
, monitor the recyclegas radon consistence obtained the most in the same time and be designated as successively、、……、(n >=5)；
Common upper-part centralized radon cylinder is replaced by the upper-part centralized radon cylinder of large volume, uses same method to measure this obturator
Recyclegas radon consistence in long-pending lower locking device、、……、(n >=5)；
2.3) mensuration of gas pressure gradient in sample
The stable radon consistence C of recyclegas in determinator2Time, the reading of recording flowmeter (19)Q, indoor temperature T and U
The length difference △ of type tilting differential manometer (10)l, difference in height △ H between two pressure-measuring pipes (12), the pressure ladder of gas in sample
Degree is calculated as follows:
(2)
In formula (2): △ P is the gas pressure gradient in sample, unit Pa/m；△ H is the difference in height of two pressure-measuring pipes (12), unit
m；△lFor the length difference in U-shaped tilting differential manometer (10) intraluminal fluid face, unit m；For inclining of U-shaped tilting differential manometer (10)
Tiltedly coefficient；ρ is the density of U-shaped tilting differential manometer (10) liquid in pipe, units/kg/m3；G is acceleration of gravity, g=9.8m/s2；
In sample, the percolation flow velocity of gas is calculated as follows:
(3)
In formula (3): v is the percolation flow velocity of gas, unit m/s in sample；QFor the flow of recyclegas, unit m3/s；
S is the cross-sectional area of sample, unit m2；
(3) particle packing type is emanated radon production rate α, porosity ε, medium permeability k and the radon diffusion coefficient D of can migrating in medium
Determination, specifically include:
3.1) the migrated radon production rate α of sample and the determination of porosity ε
The radon gas produced when laboratory sample is closing space internal circulation flow, obtains according to nucleic decay theory and mass conservation law
The differential equation of radon consistence:
(4)
In formula (4): V0For the volume of sample, unit m3；VOutwardFor the volume in outer loop space, unit m3；λ is decay coefficient,
2.1×10-6/s；ε is the porosity of porous media；α is the migrated radon production rate of sample, unit Bq/ (m3·s)；
If, then the analytic solutions of formula (4) are:
(5)
Order, the analytic expression (5) that the radon consistence of closing space cycle gas increases in time is reduced to formula,
When external common upper-part centralized radon cylinder (13) of device, in formula, A's is designated as A1, the upper-part centralized radon cylinder of external large volume
During body, in formula, A's is designated as A2, then:
(6)
In formula (6): V1For the volume of common upper-part centralized radon cylinder, unit m3；V2Body for the upper-part centralized radon cylinder of large volume
Long-pending, unit m3；V3For the volume of bottom collection radon cylinder (8), unit m3；V4For the volume of closed cycle radon concentration measuring device, list
Position m3,
Use method of least square, the radon consistence value of the recyclegas the most in the same time recorded during by external common upper-part centralized radon cylinder、、、……、(n >=5) pressIt is fitted, obtains A1Value；In like manner by external substantially
The radon consistence value of the recyclegas the most in the same time recorded during the upper-part centralized radon cylinder amassed、、……、(n >=5) pressIt is fitted, obtains A2Value；
Least square fitting is obtained A1And A2Substituting into formula (6), porosity ε and the radon of can migrating that obtain laboratory sample produce
Rate α,
(7)
3.2) determination of permeability k of sample
Shown that percolation flow velocity with barometric gradient variation relation is by Darcy's law:
(8)
In formula (8): k is permeability, unit m2；μ is the air coefficient of viscosity, unit Pa S,
Drawn by formula (2), (3) and (8):
(9)
3.3) determination of the radon diffusion coefficient D of sample
Under pure diffusion stable case, thickness isl 0 Particle packing type is emanated medium226Ra decay produce radon self decay and
Finally tend towards stability under diffusion, set up radon gas according to nucleic decay theory, gas diffusion theory and mass conservation law
The diffusive migration differential equation be:
(10)
In steady statue,, formula (10) becomes:
(11)
In the environment that ventilation state is good, formula (11) and boundary condition thereof be:
(12)
The analytic solutions of formula (12) are:
(13)
Find out from formula (13), under pure diffusion conditions one-dimensional particle packing emanate medium radon consistence distribution with diffusion coefficient, can
Migration radon production rate α, porosity ε, and the decay coefficient λ of radon is relevant, due to radon production rate α and the porosity ε formula (5) of can migrating
It has been determined that λ is known constant, therefore by x=0, C (0)=CdSubstitution analytic expression obtains:
(14)
In formula (14): D is diffusion coefficient, unit m2/s；λ is decay coefficient, 2.1x10-6/s；ε is the porosity of porous media；α
The migration radon amount produced for unit volume pore media, unit Bq/ (m3·s)；The solution being obtained diffusion coefficient D by formula (14) is:
(15).
A kind of particle packing type the most according to claim 4 is emanated the determination method of medium radon Migration Simulation physical parameter,
It is characterized in that, check the air-tightness of whole device, method particularly includes: by probe tube (6) mouth of pipe of dress sample cylinder (7) bottom
After blasting gas in device, closing the valve of air-blowing pipeline, observing tilting differential manometer registration the most stable, if stablizing, then
Show that the air-tightness of device is good；Otherwise, then check that the connection of device does air tightness test again.
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| CN109655856B (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2022-02-18 | 衡阳师范学院 | Device and method for rapidly measuring effective diffusion coefficient of radon in film by electrostatic collection method |
| CN109655856A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-19 | 衡阳师范学院 | The device and method of static collection rapid survey radon effective diffusion cofficient in the film |
| CN110927017A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-03-27 | 南华大学 | Determining freedom in porous jet media220Rn migration parameter device and method |
| CN114264585A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2022-04-01 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for simulating and measuring air permeability of carbon-iron composite furnace charge for production |
| CN114264585B (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2023-11-14 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for simulating and measuring air permeability of carbon-iron composite furnace burden for production |
| CN116429663A (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2023-07-14 | 太原理工大学 | Device and method for measuring radon gas seepage rate in coal-rock medium |
| CN116429663B (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2023-09-12 | 太原理工大学 | Device and method for measuring radon gas seepage rate in coal-rock medium |
| CN117110172A (en) * | 2023-10-24 | 2023-11-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Gas seepage start pressure gradient testing device and application method |
| CN117110172B (en) * | 2023-10-24 | 2024-01-19 | 中国矿业大学 | Gas seepage start pressure gradient testing device and application method |
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