CN105823716B - The experimental rig observed in real time in Rock And Soil crack is carried out under the conditions of Observation of The Suction - Google Patents
The experimental rig observed in real time in Rock And Soil crack is carried out under the conditions of Observation of The Suction Download PDFInfo
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- CN105823716B CN105823716B CN201610173228.XA CN201610173228A CN105823716B CN 105823716 B CN105823716 B CN 105823716B CN 201610173228 A CN201610173228 A CN 201610173228A CN 105823716 B CN105823716 B CN 105823716B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013097 stability assessment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of to carry out the experimental rig observed in real time in Rock And Soil crack under the conditions of Observation of The Suction, including air circulating laboratory system and PIV test macro, compared with prior art, experimental rig disclosed by the invention can pass through the drying of air circulation system true reappearance soil body nature and the process of rainfall infiltration, the suction and moisture content of soil sample can be continuously measured by tensometer and electronic balance, and the use of air circulation pump substantially reduces test period, it simultaneously can be real-time by conjunctive use PIV system, the morphological feature of Rock And Soil external crack is observed with multi-angle.Model test apparatus of the present invention is easy to operate, and the Instrument structure being related to is simple, and adjustability is strong, is easy to grasp.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of model test apparatus applied to geotechnical engineering soil test, and especially one kind is in suction amount
The experimental rig observed while Rock And Soil crack real-time multi-angle is carried out under the conditions of survey.
Background technique
Since precipitation, evaporation cause the breathing of Rock And Soil (especially swelled ground) that engineering project disaster is caused to take place frequently, such as building
Keelung, road and bridge crevice of roadbed, irrigation canals and ditches slope instability etc..Such as using swelled ground as the low-rise building of ground, also due on
It is smaller so that building inclination, a large amount of crack of wall appearance by serious destruction, such as building to cover load.It hits real or grinds
Compression swelling soil is frequently used for building for anti-seepage channel, if project of South-to-North water diversion construction in China's is related to a large amount of swelled ground, expands
Native channel crack is project of South-to-North water diversion quality key problem urgently to be resolved to the restriction of anti-seepage stability and later maintenance.
When Rock And Soil (especially swelled ground) becomes saturation state from unsaturated state, intensity can be reduced greatly, be caused
Slope instability, to cause the serious geological disasters such as a large amount of landslide, avalanche, mud-rock flow and foundation failure, to production and life
Work causes great loss.Opposite Rock And Soil becomes unsaturated soil state from saturation state, can generate a large amount of cracks or crack,
To destroy the globality of the soil body, the impermeabilisation intensity of the soil body is reduced.Periodic drying and watering cycle effect will lead to Rock And Soil
The extension of middle initial fissure and the generation in new crack, and the Fracture Networks being mutually communicated are formed in the soil body, substantially reduce the soil body
Globality.In conclusion the crack morphology evolution of Rock And Soil (especially swelled ground) produces its intensity, deformation and water retention characteristic
Raw significant impact.Therefore it needs to determine the crack morphology evolution of unsaturation Rock And Soil under the conditions of suction controls or measures
Quantity research understands fully mechanism, proposition prediction technique that crack develops, is the important need of country, to the geology of unsaturation Rock And Soil
Disaster problem prevention and treatment has great Practical significance.
Observation based on Rock And Soil crack during current drying and watering cycle is only limitted to not controlled or measured suction condition
Under, and the observation on a certain surface of Rock And Soil is only studied, it is not able to achieve the multilevel observation of multi-angle.Therefore designing one kind can be
The real-time observation experiment device in Rock And Soil crack is carried out under the conditions of Observation of The Suction, realize under the conditions of Observation of The Suction and with multi-angle into
Row Rock And Soil crack is observed in real time, in depth to study the quantitative relationship that Rock And Soil external crack changes with suction, to rock
The stability assessment of geotechnological journey and prediction have great importance.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of simple structure, easy to operate, and be easy to grasp can be in suction
The experimental rig observed in real time of Rock And Soil crack is carried out under the conditions of measurement, realizes under the conditions of Observation of The Suction and is carried out with multi-angle
Rock And Soil crack is observed in real time, and can use suction that the changing rule in crack is quantitatively described as variable.
Above-mentioned purpose is implemented with the following technical solutions in the present invention:
A kind of experimental rig for observe in real time in Rock And Soil crack under the conditions of Observation of The Suction, it includes air circulation examination
Check system and PIV test macro；Air circulating laboratory system includes transparent confinement container, and transparent confinement container is provided with native examination
Sample, respectively one tensometer of setting, transparent confinement outside of containers connect air circulation by tracheae and pump for soil sample top and bottom, thoroughly
Soil sample device for detecting water content is connected between bright closed container and air circulation pump；PIV measuring system include LED floodlight,
CCD high speed camera and image acquisition and processing device, LED floodlight are arranged in three upper side of air circulating laboratory system, CCD high speed phase
Three sides of air circulating laboratory system are arranged in machine, are connected with image acquisition and processing device.
Soil sample device for detecting water content includes drying box, and electronic balance is equipped in drying box, and electronic balance is equipped with dry
Drying prescription.
The desiccant is silica gel or activated alumina or calcium sulfate or calcium chloride or quick lime or sodium hydrate solid.
The drying box is transparent closed case.
Transparent confinement container side wall is equipped on the tracheae between Hygrothermograph or transparent confinement container and air circulation pump
Equipped with Hygrothermograph.
Transparent confinement container top is equipped with water container, and valve is equipped between water container and transparent confinement container.
There is calibration gauge on water container.
Soil sample upper and lower surface posts filter paper.
The measurement of the tensometer is 0~2500kPa, and precision is 0.1% full scale, and tensometer is contacted with soil sample
Area is 78.5mm2, the height of forward position porous permeable stone is 7mm, and reservoir bed is with a thickness of 0.5mm, the thickness of pottery clay plates sensor
Degree is 1mm.The data available wireless of tensometer acquisition is transferred in external computer.
The air circulation pump power be 280W, pressure 1.0bar, metered flow 30L/min, power supply 220V, outside
For shape having a size of 3250 × 416 × 821mm, suitable environment temperature is 5~250C.It is soil sample to reduce air circulation pressure
Disturbance guarantees that pressure difference is 5~20kPa when carrying out air circulation normal work.
The digital Temperature and Humidity is calculated as HW200 model, moisture measurement range 0~99.9% (RH), resolution ratio 0.1%
RH, having a size of 138 × 65 × 25mm, weight 0.19kg.
The range of the electronic balance is 500g, and precision 0.01g, operating temperature range is 7.5 DEG C~20 DEG C, pan of a steelyard ruler
Very little Φ 80 (mm), outer dimension are 270 × 190 × 265mm.
The CCD high speed camera resolution ratio is 1626pixel × 1236pixel, and Pixel Dimensions are 4.4 μm of 4.4 μ m, is exposed
It is 100 μ s × 80ms between light time, acquisition rate provides Camlink special purpose interface up to 200fps.
The invention has the following advantages: model test apparatus disclosed by the invention include air circulating laboratory system and
PIV test macro, the Instrument structure being related to is simple, easy to operate, is easy to grasp；Experimental rig disclosed by the invention can pass through sky
The drying and watering cycle process of gas circulatory system true reappearance soil body nature, passes through tensometer and PIV test macro real-time measurement
The suction and external crack morphological feature of Rock And Soil；Experimental rig disclosed by the invention is capable of the crack of multi-angle observation Rock And Soil
Changing rule.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is air circulating laboratory system schematic of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, 2, a kind of experimental rig for observe in real time in Rock And Soil crack under the conditions of Observation of The Suction, it is wrapped
Include the air circulating laboratory system and PIV test macro that suction is measured using tensometer；Air circulating laboratory system includes transparent
Closed container 1, transparent confinement container 1 are provided with soil sample 10, and a tensometer 2 is respectively arranged in 10 top and bottom of soil sample, thoroughly
Air circulation pump 3 is connected by tracheae on the outside of bright closed container 1, connection soil examination between transparent confinement container 1 and air circulation pump 3
Sample device for detecting water content；PIV measuring system includes LED floodlight 13, CCD high speed camera 14 and image acquisition and processing device 15,
The setting of LED floodlight 13 is arranged in three upper side of air circulating laboratory system, CCD high speed camera 14 in air circulating laboratory system
Three sides, be connected with image acquisition and processing device 15.
The transparent confinement container 1 is made of tempered glass or pmma material, specific size is 500 × 500 ×
500mm, thickness 10mm.
In order to accurately measure the suction of entire soil sample, a tensometer is respectively set at the top and bottom of soil sample and is carried out
It measures.The major function of tensometer 2 is the suction value of real-time measurement Rock And Soil, technical indicator are as follows: measures 0~2500kPa, precision
For 0.1% full scale, the area that tensometer 2 is contacted with soil sample is 78.5mm2, the height of forward position porous permeable stone is 7mm,
Water storage thickness be 0.5mm, pottery clay plates sensor with a thickness of 1mm；The data available wireless that tensometer 2 acquires is transferred to external
In computer.
The major function of air circulation pump 3 is to provide the power of air circulation, technical indicator are as follows: power 280W, pressure
1.0bar, metered flow 30L/min, power supply 220V, 3250 × 416 × 821mm of outer dimension, suitable environment temperature be 5~
250C, pumping end allow band heavy load, take out, exhaust nozzle size (mm): 4 (inner hole) × 8 (outer diameter), Interface Shape: anti-skidding convex
The formula of rising (is taken out, exhaust nozzle), nozzle dimensions (mm): 5 × 8 silicone tubes, red dust-proof cap must be air exhaust nozzle (IN), and black is dust-proof
Cap must be exhaust nozzle (OUT).In order to reduce the disturbance that air circulation pressure is soil sample, air circulation normal work is being carried out
When guarantee pressure difference be 5~20kPa.
Soil sample device for detecting water content includes drying box 8, and electronic balance 7 is equipped in drying box 8, is set on electronic balance 7
There is desiccant 6.
The major function of desiccant is the moisture content in dry air, the desiccant can be selected silica gel or activated alumina or
Calcium sulfate or calcium chloride or quick lime or sodium hydrate solid, are also suitable other desiccant for being able to satisfy condition, silica-gel desiccant
It is a kind of high activity adsorbent material, chemical molecular formula mSiO2·nH2O。
The major function of electronic balance 7 is to measure the quality of the absorption moisture content of desiccant 6, range 500g, and precision is
0.01g, the operating temperature range of electronic balance are 7.5 DEG C~20 DEG C, pan of a steelyard size Φ 80 (mm), and outer dimension is 270 × 190
×265mm。
The drying box 8 is transparent closed case, and the major function of drying box is the moisture evaporation avoided in desiccant 6,
Specific size is 500 × 400 × 400mm.
1 side wall of transparent confinement container is equipped with the gas between Hygrothermograph 4 or transparent confinement container 1 and air circulation pump 3
Pipe is equipped with Hygrothermograph 4.
Hygrothermograph 4 is digital Temperature and Humidity meter, and major function is the humidity of air in real-time measurement closed container, skill
Art index: model HW200, moisture measurement range 0~99.9% (RH), resolution ratio 0.1%RH, having a size of 138 × 65 × 25mm,
Weight is 0.19kg.
It is equipped with water container 5 at the top of transparent confinement container 1, valve 9, the water capacity are equipped between water container 5 and transparent confinement container 1
There is calibration gauge 11 on device.
The major function of water container 5 is to provide water source for wet soil sample, having a size of 60mm × h200mm, scale precision
For 2mm3。
10 upper and lower surface of soil sample posts filter paper 12, and the major function of filter paper is to guarantee that soil sample is equably moistened by water
Wet, specific size is 350 × 350mm, with a thickness of 0.4mm~1.0mm.
Soil sample 10 according to experiment need can be selected cube structure, having a size of 350 × 350 × 350mm, soil sample it is close
Degree is specifically set according to geotechnical engineering situation.
The two sides symmetric position of transparent confinement container 1 is arranged in LED floodlight 13, and LED light is the friendship that rated power is 30W
Direct-current LED floodlight.
14 resolution ratio of CCD high speed camera is 1626pixel × 1236pixel, and Pixel Dimensions are 4.4 μm of 4.4 μ m,
Time for exposure is 100 μ s × 80ms, and acquisition rate provides Camlink special purpose interface up to 200fps.
The test method that Rock And Soil crack is observed in real time, specific steps are carried out using above-mentioned experimental rig are as follows:
(a) the transparent confinement container of air circulating laboratory system is set
Prepare cube soil sample according to testing program, soil sample be placed in transparent vessel, then soil sample it is upper,
Lower surface placement tensometer is simultaneously debugged, then the ventilation corollary apparatus of the upper and lower surfaces of soil sample is arranged, and finally installs transparent vessel
Top cover, keep its closed.
(b) other equipment of installation and debugging air circulating laboratory system
Air circulation pump is installed and debugged, desiccant and electronic balance in drying box are set, debugging electronic balance is simultaneously clear
Zero, the airtightness of entire air circulating laboratory system and connection pipeline is monitored, guarantees the normal work of system.
(c) installation and debugging PIV test macro
Three groups LED floodlight (every group two) are arranged in three upper side of air circulating laboratory system, three groups of CCD high speed cameras
(every group one) is arranged in three sides of air circulating laboratory system, three groups of CCD high speed cameras respectively with image acquisition and processing
Device is connected, and carries out the acquisition of data and the analysis of image.
(d) power supply of all appts equipment is opened, starting air circulation pump, image acquisition and processing device and computer software are adopted
Collection record, by the suction value of tensometer real-time measurement soil sample, electronic balance can measure the variation of soil sample water content, together
When can observe the changing rule of soil sample external crack in transparent confinement container in real time by PIV system, realize that soil sample is dry
The observation of suction, water content and external crack changing rule during dry.
Hygrothermograph can also be equipped on transparent confinement container side wall or in transparent confinement container and sky in step (b)
Tracheae between gas circulating pump is equipped with Hygrothermograph, the humidity of air in real-time measurement closed container, it is ensured that test result is more
Accurately.
For the observation for realizing suction, water content and external crack changing rule in soil sample slaking process, transparent confinement holds
Settable water container, sets valve, the opening valve at interval is controlled by valve at the top of device between water container and transparent confinement container
Into the inflow of soil sample, soil sample is soaked, it, can also be above and below soil sample to ensure that soil sample is equably spontaneously wet out by water
One layer of filter paper of surface mount simulates natural slaking process of the soil body by rainfall；Water into soil sample can pass through drying box
And the metering of desiccant therein, electronic balance, it can also be directly read according to the calibration gauge on water container, drying box and therein
Two kinds of metering methods of calibration gauge are indicated on desiccant, electronic balance and water container can select a use, can also be used in conjunction with, double
The change of moisture content value of metering soil sample, it is ensured that test result is more accurate.
In the present invention tensometer measure suction air circulating laboratory system can continuously measure soil sample moisture content and
The use of suction, air circulation pump substantially reduces test period, while PIV systematic survey is taken pictures that speed is high, picture resolution
Height can pass through the Evolution in PIV system real-time observing earth specimen surface crack.
The embodiment of the present invention is illustrated above in conjunction with attached drawing, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, all foundations
The changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications done under the Spirit Essence and principle of technical solution of the present invention, should be equivalent displacement
Mode, all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of experimental rig for observe in real time in Rock And Soil crack under the conditions of Observation of The Suction, it is characterised in that: it includes
Air circulating laboratory system and PIV test macro；Air circulating laboratory system includes transparent confinement container (1), and transparent confinement holds
Device (1) is provided with soil sample (10), and a tensometer (2), transparent confinement container (1) are respectively arranged at the top and bottom of soil sample (10)
Outside connects air circulation pump (3) by tracheae, and connection soil sample contains between transparent confinement container (1) and air circulation pump (3)
Water amount detection device；PIV measuring system includes LED floodlight (13), CCD high speed camera (14) and image acquisition and processing device
(15), LED floodlight (13) setting is followed in three upper side of air circulating laboratory system, CCD high speed camera (14) setting in air
Three sides of ring test system, are connected with image acquisition and processing device (15)；Soil sample device for detecting water content includes drying
Case (8), drying box (8) is interior to be equipped with electronic balance (7), and electronic balance (7) is equipped with desiccant (6)；The desiccant is silica gel
Or activated alumina or calcium sulfate or calcium chloride or quick lime or sodium hydrate solid.
2. the experimental rig observed in real time in Rock And Soil crack is carried out under the conditions of Observation of The Suction according to claim 1, it is special
Sign is: the drying box (8) is transparent closed case.
3. the experimental rig observed in real time in Rock And Soil crack is carried out under the conditions of Observation of The Suction according to claim 1, it is special
Sign is: transparent confinement container (1) side wall be equipped with Hygrothermograph (4) or transparent confinement container (1) and air circulation pump (3) it
Between tracheae be equipped with Hygrothermograph (4).
4. the experimental rig observed in real time in Rock And Soil crack is carried out under the conditions of Observation of The Suction according to claim 1, it is special
Sign is: being equipped with water container (5) at the top of transparent confinement container (1), valve is equipped between water container (5) and transparent confinement container (1)
Door (9).
5. the experimental rig observed in real time in Rock And Soil crack is carried out under the conditions of Observation of The Suction according to claim 4, it is special
Sign is: having calibration gauge (11) on water container.
6. the experimental rig observed in real time in Rock And Soil crack is carried out under the conditions of Observation of The Suction according to claim 1, it is special
Sign is: soil sample upper and lower surface posts filter paper (12).
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| CN201610173228.XA CN105823716B (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2016-03-24 | The experimental rig observed in real time in Rock And Soil crack is carried out under the conditions of Observation of The Suction |
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