CN111024503A - Annular test device for measuring internal tensile stress and crack development of soil body in real time - Google Patents
Annular test device for measuring internal tensile stress and crack development of soil body in real time Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
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- G01P5/18—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
- G01N2203/0066—Propagation of crack
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Abstract
The invention discloses an annular test device for measuring internal tensile stress and crack development of a soil body in real time, which comprises a soil sample tensile unit, a stress-strain test unit and an image acquisition unit, the soil sample tension unit is an annular soil sample tension unit, the annular soil sample tension unit comprises an annular soil sample containing device, a soil sample crack capturing layer and a weighing device, wherein the weighing device is provided with an annular soil sample containing device, the annular soil sample containing device is internally provided with an annular soil sample, the top layer of the annular soil sample is detachably provided with a soil sample crack capturing layer, the soil sample crack capturing layer is provided with a camera device, the camera device is electrically connected with the image acquisition unit, the annular soil sample containing device is electrically connected with the stress-strain testing unit, and the annular soil sample containing device has the advantages of being quick in installation, convenient to test and small in occupied area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to an annular test device for measuring tensile stress and crack development in soil in real time.
Background
In the field of geotechnical engineering, tensile strength and tensile stress are two main factors for controlling the development of soil body cracks, the internal tensile stress of the soil is increased in the drying process, when the tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength, cracks appear in the soil body, and the important importance is to know the mechanism that the cracks are initiated due to the increase of the tensile stress in the soil body.
Generally, the tensile strength is measured and predicted by adopting a fixture device and a triaxial apparatus, the tensile strength of the soil body is damaged in a tensile manner by applying an external load to the soil body in the traditional soil body tensile strength testing methods, so that the change of the tensile stress in the soil body cannot be really measured, and the uniformity of the measured tensile stress is difficult to ensure because the adopted square or cylindrical samples are closed soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the annular test device for measuring the internal tensile stress and the crack development of the soil body in real time, which has the characteristics of quick installation, convenient test and small occupied area of the device.
The annular test device for measuring the internal tensile stress and the crack development of a soil body in real time comprises a soil sample tension unit, a stress-strain test unit and an image acquisition unit, wherein the soil sample tension unit is an annular soil sample tension unit, the annular soil sample tension unit comprises an annular soil sample containing device, a soil sample crack capturing layer and a weighing device, the weighing device is provided with an annular soil sample containing device, an annular soil sample is contained in the annular soil sample containing device, the top layer of the annular soil sample is detachably provided with the soil sample crack capturing layer, the soil sample crack capturing layer is provided with a camera device, the camera device is electrically connected with the image acquisition unit, and the annular soil sample containing device is electrically connected with the stress-strain test unit.
The soil sample crack capturing layer is a sand layer.
The weighing device is a balance.
The annular soil sample containing device comprises an outer ring and an inner ring, wherein the outer ring and the inner ring are made of PVC materials in a surrounding mode, and lubricating oil is smeared in the outer ring and the inner ring.
The inner ring is detachably provided with a strain gauge, and the annular soil sample containing device is electrically connected with the stress-strain testing unit through the strain gauge.
Four strain gauges are evenly and relatively detachably arranged at the center of the inner ring, and the strain gauges are resistance type strain gauges.
The stress-strain test unit comprises a temperature display, a moisture content display and a four-channel strain data collector, wherein a strain gauge is electrically connected with the four-channel strain data collector, the temperature display and the moisture content display are both arranged on a weighing device, and the temperature display and the moisture content display are both electrically connected with the four-channel strain data collector.
The temperature display and the moisture content display are any one of a liquid crystal display screen or a nixie tube, the four-channel strain data acquisition unit comprises a chip with a data calculation processing function, and the chip with the data calculation processing function is any one of an MCU, a PC, a PLC or an industrial personal computer.
The camera device is a CCD high-speed camera, a camera support is arranged in a matching mode with the CCD high-speed camera, the camera support is arranged on one side of the weighing device, and the CCD high-speed camera is electrically connected with the image acquisition unit.
The image acquisition unit is a PIV test system.
The invention discloses an annular test device for measuring the internal tensile stress and the crack development of a soil body in real time, which adopts an annular soil sample containing device, a strain gauge is arranged on the inner ring to measure tensile strain to obtain the change of internal tensile stress and the tensile strength of the soil body, the invention describes the development process of the crack by matching the soil sample crack capturing layer on the upper layer of the annular soil sample with the camera device and the soil sample sampling device, the saturated soil sample is stood to be naturally dehydrated, the tensile stress of the soil sample in the process is measured by the strain gauge, the change process of the tensile stress can be more truly reflected, the prediction of the tensile strength of the soil body is more reliable, the annular soil sample containing device reduces the floor area of the device, has the effects of novel appearance, simplicity, beauty and convenience for installing strain gauges, but also has the beneficial effects of convenient and fast measurement of the tensile strength, crack capture and displacement calculation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the annular soil sample containing device, the weighing device and the stress-strain testing unit of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numbers are as follows:
1. the device comprises an annular soil sample, 2 parts of an inner ring, 3 parts of an outer ring, 4 parts of strain gauges, 5 parts of a temperature display, 6 parts of a moisture content display, 7 parts of a weighing device, 8 parts of a four-channel strain data acquisition device, 9 parts of a camera device, 10 parts of an image acquisition unit, 11 parts of a stress-strain test unit, 12 parts of a camera support and 13 parts of an annular soil sample containing device.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is understood that the described embodiments are merely some implementations, rather than all implementations, and that all other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the described embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the annular test device for measuring the internal tensile stress and crack development of a soil body in real time comprises a soil sample tension unit, a stress-strain test unit 11 and an image acquisition unit 10, wherein the soil sample tension unit is an annular soil sample tension unit, the annular soil sample tension unit comprises an annular soil sample containing device 13, a soil sample crack capturing layer and a weighing device 7, the weighing device 7 is provided with the annular soil sample containing device 13, the annular soil sample containing device 13 is internally provided with the annular soil sample 1, the top layer of the annular soil sample 1 is detachably provided with the soil sample crack capturing layer, the soil sample crack capturing layer is provided with a camera device 9, the camera device 9 is electrically connected with the image acquisition unit 10, and the annular soil sample containing device 13 is electrically connected with the stress-strain test unit 11.
The soil sample crack capturing layer is a sand layer.
The annular soil sample containing device 13 comprises an outer ring 3 and an inner ring 2, wherein the outer ring 3 and the inner ring 2 are made of PVC materials in an enclosing mode, and lubricating oil is smeared in the outer ring 3 and the inner ring 2.
Annular soil sample hold device 13 size do: the diameter of the inner ring 2 is 5.5cm, the diameter of the outer ring 3 is 15.24cm, the height is 4.1cm, the inner ring 2 is made of PVC and has the thickness of 0.5cm, and the outer ring 3 is made of PVC and has the thickness of 1.65 cm.
Lubricating oil should be coated on the bottom of the annular soil sample containing device 13, the outer periphery of the inner ring 2 and the inner periphery of the outer ring 3 so as to reduce friction generated in the sample loading process and ensure that the side surface and the bottom of the soil sample have certain water impermeability. Before starting the test, the soil sample was sealed from the bottom with a plastic film and from the circumference with a rubber film to maintain the sealability of uniform shrinkage when the soil sample shrinks radially.
The weighing device 7 is a balance, the balance is a bearing body for measuring the water content change of the soil sample in the annular containing device 13, and a sand layer is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the annular soil sample and used for capturing the generation of soil body cracks and calculating the displacement of the cracks.
The balance 7 is used for bearing a soil sample and recording the change of the water content of the soil sample; the range of the balance is 5000g, and the precision is 0.01 g.
Can dismantle in the inner ring 2 and be provided with foil gage 4, annular soil sample holds device 13 and is connected with stress and strain test unit 11 electricity through foil gage 4.
The center position department in the inner ring 2 evenly can dismantle relatively and be provided with four foil gauges 4, foil gauge 4 is resistance-type foil gauge.
The four strain gauges 4 for measuring the tensile stress adopt quarter-bridge resistance type strain gauges, the resistance is 350 omega, the four strain gauges are relatively positioned at one corner of a rectangle and are attached to the center of the surface of the soil sample PVC inner ring, and the height is 2.04 cm.
Stress strain test unit 11 includes temperature monitor 5, moisture content display 6 and four-channel strain data collector 8, foil gage 4 is connected with four-channel strain data collector 8 electricity, temperature monitor 5 and moisture content display 6 all set up on weighing device 7, temperature monitor 5 and moisture content display 6 all are connected with four-channel strain data collector 8 electricity.
The four-channel strain data acquisition unit 8 is connected with the four strain gauges 4 and is positioned on one side of the annular soil sample containing device 1, the change of strain along with time can be continuously recorded, and the strain value can be converted into stress through a formula. The formula is as follows:
wherein,σ tm in order to obtain the desired tensile stress,ε(t) Is the average reading of the strain gauge,R or the diameter of the inner ring is the diameter of the inner ring,R ir the diameter of the outer ring is the diameter of the outer ring,R os is the outer diameter of the annular soil sample,E r is the elastic modulus of PVC material.
The temperature display 5 and the moisture content display 6 are any one of a liquid crystal display screen or a nixie tube, the four-channel strain data acquisition unit 8 comprises a chip with a data calculation processing function, and the chip with the data calculation processing function is any one of an MCU, a PC, a PLC or an industrial personal computer.
The temperature display 5 shows that the temperature precision is 1 ℃, the moisture content display 6 shows that the moisture content precision is 0.1%, and the moisture content numerical value is obtained through the initial state weight value and the final state weight value.
The camera device 9 is a CCD high-speed camera, a camera support 12 is arranged on the CCD high-speed camera in a matching mode, the camera support 12 is arranged on one side of the weighing device 7, and the CCD high-speed camera is electrically connected with the image acquisition unit 10.
The CCD high-speed camera has the resolution of 1626 pixels multiplied by 1236 pixels, the pixel size of 4.4 mu m multiplied by 4.4 mu m, the exposure time of 100 mu s multiplied by 80ms, the acquisition rate of 200fps, and simultaneously provides a Camlink special interface.
The sandy soil is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the annular soil sample, the camera device 9 at the top records the sandy soil once every 10min, and the camera device is combined with a PIV system and used for observing the development condition of the generated crack, calculating the displacement of the crack and recording the displacement of the crack.
The image acquisition unit 10 is a PIV test system.
The annular test device for measuring the internal tensile stress and the crack development of the soil body in real time has the following test method:
a. coating a thin layer of lubricating oil on the inner surfaces of the outer ring 3 and the inner ring 2, adding soil with certain dry density and water content into the outer ring 3 with the diameter of 15.24cm in two times, compacting each layer by using a wood stick with the diameter of 2.55cm, wherein the compacting height of the first layer is 2.05cm, and the compacting height of the second layer is 4.1 cm. A hole with the radius of 5.5cm is dug in the center of the cylindrical soil sample by a knife and a thin-wall steel ring, and the PVC inner ring 2 is slowly inserted into the hole. To prevent evaporation of water, the sides and bottom of the sample were coated with lubricating oil.
b. And (3) placing the prepared annular soil sample on a balance, and converting the change of the water content through the change of the mass.
c. Four strain gauges 4 are symmetrically and sequentially pasted on the surface of the inner ring 2, connecting lines of the strain gauges 4 are connected together in a cross mode, and the four-channel strain data acquisition unit 8 is connected with the four-channel strain data acquisition unit.
d. And placing the annular soil sample in a natural state, and naturally losing water. The data of the strain gauge 4 is read by a corresponding four-channel strain data collector 8 to obtain the tensile stress of the soil body.
e. The camera device at the top of the device records data every 10min, and measures the state change of the soil body in the process in real time.
f. Through the process, the change rule of the tensile stress in the soil body can be obtained, the tensile strength of the soil body can be obtained, and a tensile stress reference value is provided for predicting the occurrence of cracks.
In addition, white sandy soil is uniformly scattered on the surface of the annular soil body, an image data display is additionally used, and the displacement of the surface soil body is captured by combining a processing method of a PIV measuring system, so that a dynamic process that cracks are continuously developed in a natural drying process is obtained. The technical means disclosed in the invention scheme are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical scheme formed by any combination of the above technical features. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The annular test device for measuring the internal tensile stress and the crack development of the soil body in real time comprises a soil sample tensile unit, a stress-strain test unit (11) and an image acquisition unit (10), and is characterized in that: the soil sample tension unit is an annular soil sample tension unit, the annular soil sample tension unit comprises an annular soil sample containing device (13), a soil sample crack capturing layer and a weighing device (7), wherein the weighing device (7) is provided with the annular soil sample containing device (13), an annular soil sample (1) is contained in the annular soil sample containing device (13), the top layer of the annular soil sample (1) is detachably provided with the soil sample crack capturing layer, the soil sample crack capturing layer is provided with a camera device (9), the camera device (9) is electrically connected with an image acquisition unit (10), and the annular soil sample containing device (13) is electrically connected with a stress-strain testing unit (11).
2. The annular test device for measuring the internal tensile stress and the crack development of a soil body in real time according to claim 1, wherein: the soil sample crack capturing layer is a sand layer.
3. The annular test device for measuring the internal tensile stress and the crack development of a soil body in real time according to claim 1, wherein: the weighing device (7) is a balance.
4. The annular test device for measuring the internal tensile stress and the crack development of a soil body in real time according to claim 1, wherein: annular soil sample holds device (13) and includes outer ring (3) and inner ring (2), outer ring (3) and inner ring (2) are PVC material and enclose to close to form, lubricating oil has all been paintd in outer ring (3) and inner ring (2).
5. The annular test device for measuring the internal tensile stress and the crack development of a soil body in real time according to claim 4, wherein: can dismantle in inner ring (2) and be provided with foil gage (4), annular soil sample holds device (13) and is connected with stress and strain test unit (11) electricity through foil gage (4).
6. The annular test device for measuring the internal tensile stress and the crack development of a soil body in real time according to claim 5, wherein: the center position department in the inner ring (2) is evenly provided with four foil gauges (4) relatively detachably, foil gauge (4) are resistance-type foil gauges.
7. The annular test device for measuring the internal tensile stress and the crack development of a soil body in real time according to claim 6, wherein: stress strain test unit (11) are including temperature monitor (5), moisture content display (6) and four-channel strain data collector (8), foil gage (4) are connected with four-channel strain data collector (8) electricity, temperature monitor (5) and moisture content display (6) all set up on weighing device (7), temperature monitor (5) and moisture content display (6) all are connected with four-channel strain data collector (8) electricity.
8. The annular test device for measuring the internal tensile stress and the crack development of a soil body in real time according to claim 7, wherein: the device is characterized in that the temperature display (5) and the moisture content display (6) are any one of a liquid crystal display screen or a nixie tube, the four-channel strain data acquisition unit (8) comprises a chip with a data calculation processing function, and the chip with the data calculation processing function is any one of an MCU, a PC, a PLC or an industrial personal computer.
9. The annular test device for measuring the internal tensile stress and the crack development of a soil body in real time according to claim 1, wherein: the camera device (9) is a CCD high-speed camera, a camera support (12) is arranged in a matching mode with the CCD high-speed camera, the camera support (12) is arranged on one side of the weighing device (7), and the CCD high-speed camera is electrically connected with the image acquisition unit (10).
10. The annular test device for measuring the internal tensile stress and the crack development of a soil body in real time according to claim 1, wherein: the image acquisition unit (10) is a PIV test system.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114166633A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-03-11 | 华北水利水电大学 | Test method for rapidly and accurately obtaining tensile strength of soil body based on PIV technology |
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