CN108896403B - Triaxial test device and method for measuring embedding amount of coarse-grained soil rubber membrane - Google Patents
Triaxial test device and method for measuring embedding amount of coarse-grained soil rubber membrane Download PDFInfo
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
A triaxial test device and a method for measuring the embedding amount of a rubber membrane of coarse-grained soil comprise three structures of an A type structure, a B type structure and a C type structure: type A: the lower porous plate, the coarse-particle soil sample, the upper porous plate and the reference top cap are sequentially placed on a reference base of a triaxial apparatus pressure chamber, and a sealed reference rubber film is wrapped on the outer surface of the coarse-particle soil sample; type B: sequentially sleeving a rubber water stop belt and a lower inner side O-shaped ring on the reference base to form a first base, sequentially sleeving the rubber water stop belt and an upper inner side O-shaped ring on the reference top cap to form a first top cap, and then sequentially sleeving a lower permeable plate … and a C-shaped …; the three structures, type A, type B and type C, were used in the first three steps of the experiment, respectively. The test device disclosed by the invention is simple in structure and convenient to operate, the total water discharge is changed by adjusting the diameter of the sample, the water discharge is obtained by reading through the triaxial apparatus, the unit area embedding amount of the rubber membrane of coarse-grained soil can be accurately obtained by utilizing a reverse-thrust method, and meanwhile, the influence rule of confining pressure on the embedding amount of the rubber membrane can be revealed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering geotechnical testing, and particularly relates to a triaxial test device and method for measuring the embedding amount of a rubber membrane in coarse-grained soil.
Background
For the projects of dams, high-speed rails and the like which relate to coarse-grained soil, the method is of great importance for accurately predicting the post-construction settlement and the internal stress. The constitutive model parameters required by calculation depend on the results of the triaxial test, and for coarse-grained soil, the surface of the sample is uneven, and the application of confining pressure can enable the rubber film to be embedded into pores of grains on the surface of the sample. Therefore, for the triaxial consolidation drainage shear test of coarse-grained soil, rubber membrane embedding is the most important factor influencing the deformation measurement of the test body.
At present, most of domestic scholars obtain the embedding amount of the rubber film based on an isotropic consolidation test on the premise of assuming that a triaxial sample is isotropic. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, aiming at soil materials with different densities, a plurality of groups of equidirectional consolidation tests are carried out, and the body variation is averaged; secondly, assuming that the sample is isotropic, the obtained embedded body becomes a total variable minus 3 times of axis variable; and thirdly, considering that the embedding amount is only related to the confining pressure, the embedding amounts under different stress paths are approximately the same, and assuming that the embedding amount and the confining pressure are in a hyperbolic relation and fitting to obtain the relation between the embedding amount and the confining pressure. The method is simple and easy to implement, and an extra complicated test method is not needed. However, since the coarse-grained soil has a significant anisotropic property under a certain stress condition, a certain error is caused if the sample is isotropic. Further, the subsequent correction method assumes that the insertion amount is related only to the confining pressure, and numerous studies have shown that factors that affect the insertion amount are characteristic particle diameter, rubber film thickness, and elastic modulus in addition to the confining pressure. Therefore, the method of obtaining the above-described rubber film insertion amount has a theoretical drawback, and is difficult to be applied to practical engineering.
In addition, the scholars propose a method for embedding equal-height iron rods with different diameters in the center of a triaxial sample to determine the embedding amount, and the specific method comprises the following steps: firstly, in sample preparation, iron rods with three diameters are respectively placed in 3 samples; secondly, three groups of three-axis equi-directional consolidation tests with iron bars with different built-in diameters are simultaneously carried out; and thirdly, point-drawing the relation between the volume of the soil and the water displacement, wherein the water displacement when the volume of the reverse-thrust soil is 0 is the embedding amount. However, this method causes a sample size effect, resulting in a large error in test results.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a triaxial test device and a method for measuring the embedding amount of a rubber membrane in coarse-grained soil.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a triaxial test device for measuring the embedding amount of a rubber membrane of coarse-grained soil comprises triaxial test devices (respectively marked as A type, B type and C type) with the following three structures, and is used for experiments in different stages. The three structures are illustrated below:
type A survey coarse grain soil rubber membrane embedding volume's triaxial test device: the lower porous plate, the coarse-particle soil sample, the upper porous plate and the reference top cap are sequentially placed on a reference base of a triaxial apparatus pressure chamber, and a sealed reference rubber film is wrapped on the outer surface of the coarse-particle soil sample;
type B survey coarse grain soil rubber membrane embedding volume's triaxial test device: sequentially sleeving a rubber water stop belt and a lower inner side O-shaped ring on a reference base to form a first base, sequentially sleeving the rubber water stop belt and an upper inner side O-shaped ring on a reference top cap to form a first top cap, sequentially placing a lower porous plate, a coarse-particle soil sample, an upper porous plate and the first top cap on the first base, and wrapping the outer surface of the first base to form a sealed first rubber film;
type C survey coarse grain soil rubber membrane embedding volume's triaxial test device: suit rubber waterstop and outer side O type ring down form the second base in proper order around first base, suit rubber waterstop and go up outer side O type ring and form the second hood around first hood, then will be down porous disk, coarse grain soil sample, go up porous disk and second hood and place in proper order on the second base, wrap up at the external surface and form sealed second rubber membrane.
Further, the diameters of the coarse-grained soil sample, the base assembly and the top cap assembly are always kept consistent.
Further, be equipped with down the porous disk between coarse grain soil sample lower part and the base assembly, be equipped with the porous disk between coarse grain soil sample upper portion and the hood assembly, guarantee the normal drainage of coarse grain soil sample.
Further, the benchmark base and the lower inner side O-shaped ring are sleeved to form a first base, and the first base and the lower outer side O-shaped ring are sleeved to form a second base.
Further, the benchmark top cap and the upper inner side O-shaped ring are sleeved to form a first top cap, and the first top cap and the upper outer side O-shaped ring are sleeved to form a second top cap.
Further, between benchmark base, inboard O type ring and the outer O type ring down, it is sealed that the rubber waterstop contact loops through between benchmark top cap, the last inboard O type ring and the last outer O type ring, guarantees that the water in the triaxial apparatus pressure chamber can not infiltrate coarse grain soil sample.
Further, the outer surfaces of the coarse-grained soil sample, the base assembly and the top cap assembly are further hermetically wrapped with rubber membranes, and the rubber membranes comprise a reference rubber membrane wrapped on the outer surfaces of the coarse-grained soil sample, the reference base and the reference top cap, a first rubber membrane wrapped on the outer surfaces of the coarse-grained soil sample, the first base and the first top cap, and a second rubber membrane wrapped on the outer surfaces of the coarse-grained soil sample, the second base and the second top cap.
The technical scheme for completing the task of the second invention of the present application is that the triaxial test method for measuring the embedding amount of the rubber membrane in coarse-grained soil on the triaxial test device comprises the following steps:
firstly, sequentially placing a lower porous plate, a prepared coarse-grained soil sample, an upper porous plate and a reference top cap on a reference base of a triaxial apparatus pressure chamber, wrapping the outer surface of the lower porous plate to form a sealed reference rubber membrane, carrying out a first group of isotropic consolidation tests, measuring the relation between the water displacement and the confining pressure of the sample, and recording the relation as delta V (d V)1)～p；
(II) after the first group of isotropic consolidation tests are completed, removing the reference rubber membrane and the coarse-grained soil sample, sequentially sleeving the rubber waterstop and the lower inner side O-shaped ring on the reference base to form a first base, sequentially sleeving the rubber waterstop and the upper inner side O-shaped ring on the reference top cap to form a first top cap, sequentially placing the lower porous plate, the coarse-grained soil sample, the upper porous plate and the first top cap on the first base, wrapping the outer surface to form a sealed first rubber membrane, carrying out a second group of isotropic consolidation tests, measuring the relation between the water discharge amount and the confining pressure of the sample, and marking the relation as delta V (d)2)～p；
(III) after the second group of equidirectional consolidation tests are finished, removing the first rubber membrane and the coarse-grained soil sample, sequentially sleeving a rubber water stop belt and a lower outer side O-shaped ring around the first base to form a second base, and forming a second base by using the second rubber membrane and the coarse-grained soil sampleSleeving a rubber water stop belt and an upper outer side O-shaped ring around a top cap to form a second top cap, sequentially placing a lower porous plate, a coarse-grained soil sample, an upper porous plate and the second top cap on a second base, wrapping the outer surface to form a sealed second rubber film, carrying out a third group of isotropic consolidation tests, measuring the relation between the water displacement and confining pressure of the sample, and recording the relation as delta V (d)3)～p；
(IV) plotting the same confining pressure p1Lower samples of different diameters d and
in which linear back-stepping is performed to obtain a relation where the sample diameter d is zero
Namely the confining pressure p1Embedding quantity delta V of lower rubber film per unit aream(p1)；
(V) repeating the step (IV) and dot-drawing d1、d2、d3And
by linear back-stepping to obtain different confining pressures pnInsertion quantity DeltaV of lower rubber filmm(pn)。
Further, the method also comprises a step of coating a lubricant on the surfaces of the reference base, the first base and the second base, wherein the lubricant is preferably vaseline.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the test device provided by the invention is simple in structure and convenient to operate, the total water discharge is changed by adjusting the diameter of the sample, the water discharge is obtained by reading through a triaxial apparatus, the unit area embedding amount of the rubber membrane of coarse-grained soil can be accurately obtained by utilizing a reverse-thrust method, and meanwhile, the influence rule of confining pressure on the embedding amount of the rubber membrane can be revealed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a triaxial test apparatus for measuring the insertion amount of a rubber membrane made of coarse-grained soil according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a base assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for calculating the embedding amount per unit area of a reverse-push rubber film according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the insertion amount per unit area of the rubber film and the confining pressure obtained in the present invention;
the main reference numerals in the figures have the following meanings:
1-a triaxial apparatus pressure chamber; 2-coarse grain soil sample; 3-a base assembly; 31-a reference base; 32-lower inside O-ring; 33-lower outside O-ring; 34-a first base; 35-a second base; 4-a top cap assembly; 41-a reference top cap; 42-upper inside O-ring; 43-upper outboard O-ring; 44-a first top cap; 45-a second top cap; 5-rubber waterstops; 6-lower permeable plate; 7-mounting a permeable plate; 8-reference rubber film; 9-a first rubber film; 10-second rubber film.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2: the embodiment is a triaxial test device of survey coarse grain soil rubber membrane embedding volume, including triaxial apparatus pressure chamber 1, set up at the inside coarse grain soil sample 2 of triaxial apparatus pressure chamber 1, coarse grain soil sample 2 lower part and upper portion are equipped with base assembly 3 and hood assembly 4 that the diameter is adjustable respectively, base assembly 3 includes benchmark base 31, lower inboard O type ring 32 and lower outside O type ring 33, hood assembly 4 includes benchmark hood 41, goes up inboard O type ring 42 and goes up outside O type ring 43.
In this embodiment, the first base 34 and the second base 35 can be formed by adjusting the diameter of the base assembly 3, the first top cap 44 and the second top cap 45 can be formed by adjusting the diameter of the top cap assembly 4, and the diameter of the coarse-grained soil sample 2 is always consistent with the diameters of the base assembly 3 and the top cap assembly 4; wherein, the base 31 and the lower inner side O-ring 32 are sleeved to form a first base 34, and the first base 34 continues to be sleeved with the lower outer side O-ring 33 to form a second base 35; the datum cap 41 and the upper inside O-ring 42 are nested to form a first cap 44, and the first cap 44 continues to be nested with the upper outside O-ring 43 to form a second cap 45.
In this embodiment, the three parts of the reference base 31, the lower inner O-ring 32 and the lower outer O-ring 33, and the three parts of the reference top cap 41, the upper inner O-ring 42 and the upper outer O-ring 43 are sequentially sealed by the rubber water stop 5, thereby preventing water in the pressure chamber 1 of the triaxial apparatus from infiltrating into the coarse-grained soil sample 2.
This embodiment still is equipped with between coarse grain soil sample 2 lower part and base assembly 3 and permeates water board 6 down, then is equipped with between upper portion and the hood assembly 4 and permeates water board 7, guarantees the normal drainage of coarse grain soil sample 2.
In the embodiment, rubber membranes are further hermetically wrapped on the outer surfaces of the coarse-particle soil sample 2, the base assembly 3 and the top cap assembly 4, and include a reference rubber membrane 8 wrapped on the outer surfaces of the coarse-particle soil sample 2, the reference base 31 and the reference top cap 41, a first rubber membrane 9 wrapped on the outer surfaces of the coarse-particle soil sample 2, the first base 34 and the first top cap 44, and a second rubber membrane 10 wrapped on the outer surfaces of the coarse-particle soil sample 2, the second base 35 and the second top cap 45.
The method for measuring the embedding amount of the coarse-grained soil rubber membrane based on the triaxial test device comprises the following steps:
firstly, sequentially placing a lower porous plate 6, a prepared coarse-grained soil sample 2, an upper porous plate 7 and a reference top cap 41 on a reference base 31 with vaseline coated on the surface at the bottom of a triaxial apparatus pressure chamber 1, and wrapping the outer surface to form a sealed reference rubber membrane 8, wherein the diameter of the coarse-grained soil sample 2 is d1Carrying out a first group of equi-directional consolidation tests, measuring the relation between the water discharge and the confining pressure of the sample, and recording as delta V (d)1)～p；
(II) after the first group of isotropic consolidation tests are completed, removing the reference rubber membrane 8 and the coarse-particle soil sample 2, sequentially sleeving the rubber water stop belt 5 and the lower inner side O-ring 32 on the reference base 31 to form a first base 34, sequentially sleeving the rubber water stop belt 5 and the upper inner side O-ring 42 on the reference top cap 41 to form a first top cap 44, sequentially placing the lower porous plate 6, the coarse-particle soil sample 2, the upper porous plate 7 and the first top cap 44 on the first base 34 with the surface coated with vaseline, wrapping the outer surface to form a sealed first rubber membrane 9, and increasing the diameter of the coarse-particle soil sample 2 to d2. Carrying out a second group of equi-directional consolidation tests, measuring the relation between the water discharge and the confining pressure of the sample, and recording the relation as△V(d2)～p；
(III) after the second group of equidirectional consolidation test is completed, removing the first rubber membrane 9 and the coarse-particle soil sample 2, sequentially sleeving the rubber water stop belt 5 and the lower outer side O-ring 33 around the first base 34 to form a second base 35, sequentially sleeving the rubber water stop belt 5 and the upper outer side O-ring 43 around the first top cap 44 to form a second top cap 45, then sequentially placing the lower water permeable plate 6, the coarse-particle soil sample 2, the upper water permeable plate 7 and the second top cap 45 on the second base 35, wrapping the outer surface to form a sealed second rubber membrane 10, and changing the diameter of the coarse-particle soil sample 2 into d3. And carrying out a third group of isotropic consolidation tests again, measuring the relation between the water discharge and the confining pressure of the sample, and recording as delta V (d)2)～p；
(IV) As shown in FIG. 3, the same confining pressure p is plotted1Lower samples of different diameters d and
in which linear back-stepping is performed to obtain a relation where the sample diameter d is zero
Namely the confining pressure p1Embedding quantity delta V of lower rubber film per unit aream(p1)；
(V) repeating the step (IV) and dot-drawing d1、d2、d3And
by linear back-stepping to obtain different confining pressures pnInsertion quantity DeltaV of lower rubber filmm(pn) As shown in fig. 3.
The measurement principle of the invention is as follows: for the three-axis isotropic consolidation drainage test, the drainage includes the volume deformation of the sample and the embedding amount of the rubber membrane, i.e. there is:
ΔV(p)＝ΔVs(p)+ΔVm(p) (1)
in which the water displacement Δ V (p) can be measured directly and the volumetric deformation Δ V of the samples(p) and rubber film insertion amount DeltaVmCannot be directly measured by an experiment.Further developing for equation (1):
wherein d is the sample diameter, h is the sample height, Δv(p) is the sample volume strain, Δm(p) is the amount of film embedded per unit area, and it can be seen that when d is equal to 0, Δ can be found from the amount of water dischargedm(p), but the experiment cannot be done for the case where d is equal to 0, so one can establish
Is inversely derived to find Deltam(p) as shown in FIG. 3.
After the film embedding amount under each confining pressure p is obtained by reverse deduction, delta can be establishedmThe relation from (p) to p can conveniently correct the displacement of the subsequent test to obtain the accurate volume deformation delta V of the soil bodys(p)。
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present patent, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the inventive concept, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present patent.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a survey triaxial test device of coarse grain soil rubber membrane embedding volume, includes the triaxial test device of three kinds of structures of A type, B type, C type, supplies the experiment in different stages to use, and three kinds of structures explain respectively as follows:
type A survey coarse grain soil rubber membrane embedding volume's triaxial test device: the lower porous plate, the coarse-particle soil sample, the upper porous plate and the reference top cap are sequentially placed on a reference base of a triaxial apparatus pressure chamber, and a sealed reference rubber film is wrapped on the outer surface of the coarse-particle soil sample;
type B survey coarse grain soil rubber membrane embedding volume's triaxial test device: sequentially sleeving a rubber water stop belt and a lower inner side O-shaped ring on a reference base to form a first base, sequentially sleeving the rubber water stop belt and an upper inner side O-shaped ring on a reference top cap to form a first top cap, sequentially placing a lower porous plate, a coarse-particle soil sample, an upper porous plate and the first top cap on the first base, and wrapping the outer surface of the first base to form a sealed first rubber film;
type C survey coarse grain soil rubber membrane embedding volume's triaxial test device: suit rubber waterstop and outer side O type ring down form the second base in proper order around first base, suit rubber waterstop and go up outer side O type ring and form the second hood around first hood, then will be down porous disk, coarse grain soil sample, go up porous disk and second hood and place in proper order on the second base, wrap up at the external surface and form sealed second rubber membrane.
2. The triaxial test apparatus for measuring the insertion amount of the coarse-grained soil rubber membrane according to claim 1, wherein the diameters of the coarse-grained soil sample, the base assembly and the top cap assembly in the triaxial test apparatus are always consistent.
3. The triaxial test device for measuring the embedding amount of the coarse-grained soil rubber membrane according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reference base, the lower inner side O-ring and the lower outer side O-ring are sequentially in contact sealing with the rubber water stop belts among the reference top cap, the upper inner side O-ring and the upper outer side O-ring, so that water in a pressure chamber of the triaxial apparatus is prevented from permeating into the coarse-grained soil sample.
4. The triaxial test method of the triaxial test apparatus for measuring the insertion amount of a rubber membrane into coarse-grained soil according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
firstly, sequentially placing a lower porous plate, a prepared coarse-grained soil sample, an upper porous plate and a reference top cap on a reference base of a triaxial apparatus pressure chamber, wrapping the outer surface of the lower porous plate, the prepared coarse-grained soil sample, the upper porous plate and the reference top cap to form a sealed reference rubber membrane, carrying out a first group of isotropic consolidation tests, and measuring the sampleThe relation between the water discharge and the confining pressure is recorded as deltaV（d 1 ）~p；
(II) after the first group of isotropic consolidation tests are completed, removing the reference rubber membrane and the coarse-grained soil sample, sequentially sleeving a rubber waterstop and a lower inner side O-shaped ring on the reference base to form a first base, sequentially sleeving a rubber waterstop and an upper inner side O-shaped ring on the reference top cap to form a first top cap, sequentially placing a lower porous plate, the coarse-grained soil sample, an upper porous plate and the first top cap on the first base, wrapping the outer surface of the first base to form a sealed first rubber membrane, carrying out a second group of isotropic consolidation tests, measuring the relation between the water discharge amount and the confining pressure of the sample, and marking the relation as deltaV（d 2 ）~p；
(III) after the second group of isotropic consolidation tests are completed, removing the first rubber film and the coarse-grained soil sample, sequentially sleeving a rubber waterstop and a lower outer side O-ring around the first base to form a second base, sleeving a rubber waterstop and an upper outer side O-ring around the first top cap to form a second top cap, sequentially placing a lower porous plate, the coarse-grained soil sample, an upper porous plate and the second top cap on the second base, wrapping the outer surface to form a sealed second rubber film, carrying out a third group of isotropic consolidation tests, measuring the relation between the water discharge amount and the confining pressure of the sample, and marking the relation as deltaV（d 3 ）~p；
(IV) plotting the same confining pressurep 1 Diameter of lower different diameter specimensdAnd
linear back-stepping to obtain the diameter of the sampledAt zero time
I.e. the confining pressurep 1 Insertion quantity per unit area Δ of lower rubber filmV m （p 1 ）；
(V) repeating the step (IV) to obtain different confining pressuresp n Insertion quantity per unit area Δ of lower rubber filmV m （p n ）；
Wherein, ΔV（p）At confining pressure for triaxial testpThe amount of drained water;his the triaxial sample height; d1、d2、d3Three groups of equal-direction consolidation test sample diameters are respectively.
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| CN110441156A (en) * | 2019-07-20 | 2019-11-12 | 大连理工大学 | A method of three axis sample membrane penetrations are measured based on soil stabilization state characteristic |
| CN110441110A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-11-12 | 华东交通大学 | A method of detection rubber grain parameters in soil mechanics |
| CN110987641B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-06-30 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Device and method for measuring large triaxial test embedded quantity of coarse particles |
| CN111579377B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-05-07 | 大连理工大学 | Dynamic and static triaxial test device capable of eliminating influence of membrane embedding effect |
| CN113295505B (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-11-12 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Coarse-grained soil sampling chassis device with variable direction angle and using method thereof |
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