CN113295505B - Coarse-grained soil sampling chassis device with variable direction angle and using method thereof - Google Patents
Coarse-grained soil sampling chassis device with variable direction angle and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113295505B CN113295505B CN202110644136.6A CN202110644136A CN113295505B CN 113295505 B CN113295505 B CN 113295505B CN 202110644136 A CN202110644136 A CN 202110644136A CN 113295505 B CN113295505 B CN 113295505B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
- G01N2001/366—Moulds; Demoulding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0298—Manufacturing or preparing specimens
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coarse soil sampling chassis device with a variable direction angle, which comprises a platform, wherein a sample testing chassis is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the platform, a plurality of testing pipelines communicated with the sample testing chassis are arranged in the platform, and a plurality of interfaces respectively communicated with the plurality of testing pipelines are arranged on the side surface of the platform; two adjacent corners at the bottom of the platform are respectively provided with a steering supporting leg, and the other two opposite corners at the bottom of the platform are respectively provided with a telescopic supporting leg; the telescopic supporting legs are movably arranged in the slide ways and can move in the slide ways, and the slide ways face the steering supporting legs corresponding to the slide ways. The invention also discloses a using method of the device, and sample preparation with different main stresses and different included angles between the long axes of the particles can be realized according to the provided method. The method is simple to operate, can be repeatedly used, has strong adaptability and is convenient for workers to operate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to geotechnical engineering testing technical equipment, in particular to a coarse-grained soil sampling chassis device with a variable direction angle and a using method thereof.
Background
The natural soil body is influenced by gravity in the deposition process, the long axes of the particles tend to be arranged along the horizontal direction, so that the geotechnical materials are formedThe microstructure has directionality and is expressed as the transverse isotropy of soil, namely the mechanical properties in all directions parallel to the deposition surface are approximately the same, and the axial symmetry is realized in the direction vertical to the deposition surface. The different characteristics of the two directions make the coarse-grained soil show obvious anisotropy, and the transverse isotropy of the coarse-grained soil is an important research content in the anisotropy in the process of researching the anisotropy of the coarse-grained soil. In the indoor triaxial mechanical test, the long axis direction of the particles is kept perpendicular to the large principal stress sigma in the sample preparation process of coarse-grained soil due to the fixation of instrument and equipment1As shown in fig. 1, the major axis of the coarse-grained soil and the direction of the large principal stress may be kept at different angles α in practical cases, as shown in fig. 2.
After the long axis of the rockfill material particles are arranged at a certain included angle with the horizontal direction, the stress characteristics are shown in fig. 3. Assuming that the length L and the width B of the particle are equal, and the included angle between the length L and the width B of the particle and the horizontal plane is alpha, the area formed by the particle on the projection plane (namely the contact area of the particle and the upper loading plate) is such that the projection area is continuously reduced along with the continuous increase of alpha, the pressure applied by the upper loading device is not changed, and the unit area bears large principal stress sigma1Increasing the load, the rockfill material will generate more particle fragmentation due to the increase of the load (under different load conditions) and the decrease of the projection plane.
The existing chassis device cannot adapt to the triaxial test of different direction angles of coarse-grained soil, so that the measured mechanical parameters of the coarse-grained soil cannot reflect a real measurement result, and further troubles are brought to further research of the mechanical characteristics of the coarse-grained soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the chassis device of the existing triaxial test instrument, provides a device capable of changing included angles alpha of different direction angles in the process of carrying out triaxial test sampling on coarse-grained soil and a using method thereof, and can realize sampling of different main stresses and different included angles between long axes of particles according to the provided operating method. The method is simple to operate, can be repeatedly used, has strong adaptability and is convenient for workers to operate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a variable direction angle coarse-grained soil sampling chassis device comprises a platform, wherein a sample testing chassis is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the platform, a plurality of testing pipelines communicated with the sample testing chassis are arranged inside the platform, and a plurality of interfaces respectively communicated with the plurality of testing pipelines are arranged on the side surface of the platform; two adjacent corners at the bottom of the platform are respectively provided with a steering supporting leg, and the other two opposite corners at the bottom of the platform are respectively provided with a telescopic supporting leg; the telescopic supporting legs are movably arranged in the slide ways and can move in the slide ways, and the slide ways face the steering supporting legs corresponding to the slide ways.
The steering supporting leg is formed by connecting an upper part and a lower part through a transverse pin shaft, the upper part and the lower part can rotate around the pin shaft, and the vertical projection of the pin shaft is perpendicular to the extension line of the slideway, so that the rotating direction of the steering supporting leg is consistent with the direction of the slideway.
The telescopic supporting legs are arranged in a hydraulic, pneumatic, spiral or drawing mode, so that the telescopic supporting legs are convenient to stretch and retract.
And rolling self-locking pulleys are arranged at the bottoms of the steering supporting legs.
And rolling self-locking pulleys are arranged at the bottoms of the telescopic supporting legs.
The plurality of interfaces on the side face of the platform comprise a body-to-body measuring interface, a confining pressure loading interface, an upper drainage interface, a saturation interface and a pressure chamber water injection port.
The application method of the coarse-grained soil sampling chassis device with the variable direction angle comprises the following steps:
1) sleeving the rubber film into the chassis device according to requirements;
2) sleeving an iron molding barrel with a rubber film, turning the rubber film outwards to the molding barrel, and keeping the sample upright;
3) adjusting steering support legs and telescopic support legs of the chassis device according to a set included angle alpha between the large main stress and the long axis direction, and if the telescopic support legs cannot meet the height of the included angle, moving the telescopic support legs along a slideway to ensure that the included angle between a sample lifted by the telescopic support legs and a horizontal plane is alpha and self-lock a pulley, so as to ensure that the platform does not slide;
4) filling the prepared coarse-grained soil into a rubber membrane layer by layer according to requirements, and conventionally vibrating a sample by a vibrating device, wherein the long axis direction of the coarse-grained soil is approximately parallel to a horizontal plane under the action of gravity;
5) rotating pulleys at the bottoms of the steering supporting legs and the rolling telescopic supporting legs until the included angle between the chassis device and the horizontal plane is 0, wherein the included angle between the long axis direction of the particles in the sample and the large principal stress is the set angle alpha;
6) carrying out a coarse-grained soil triaxial test at the angle;
7) and (3) carrying out triaxial tests of different angles alpha in the long axis direction of the coarse-grained soil according to the steps 1) to 6).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the triaxial test that utilizes variable direction angle coarse-grained soil sampling chassis device to carry out can solve the problem that can not solve in following general triaxial test not considering the direction angle, can simulate the broken problem of granule that different position dam body materials received different direction power and produced under the field condition simultaneously, provides parameter verification for the deformation numerical calculation in later stage. Which comprises the following steps:
1. the relationship between the body strain and the confining pressure of coarse-grained soil under different confining pressure conditions in the triaxial test at different direction angles (as shown in fig. 4) can reflect the body strain of the internal material of the dam body of the high-face dam due to the crushing of particles at different direction angles, and provide technical reference for considering possible damage in the early construction process.
2. As can be seen from the tests of different direction angles of coarse-grained soil, the confining pressure sigma is generated in the shearing process31Angle alpha2The sample of (2) shows a reduction in the confining pressure σ31Angle alpha1The sample is expressed as shear-swelling (as shown in fig. 4), which is important for selecting a shear-swelling equation of coarse-grained soil in a constitutive model, and the determination of the constitutive model is the basis of the calculation of the settlement deformation value of the high earth-rock dam, and the difference between the shear-swelling equation and the settlement deformation value is obvious.
3. The method can reflect the comparison between the shear-swelling property under low confining pressure and a conventional triaxial test, reflect the particle crushing rate of particles in the real dam body at different direction angles, and provide technical reference for the design of grading curves of rockfill materials during previous dam building aiming at the particle crushing of the particles which are generated at different direction angles.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a major principal stress at a 90 degree angle to the major axis;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the angle between the major principal stress and the major axis direction being 45 degrees;
FIG. 3 is a force diagram of the arrangement of the long axis of the rockfill material granules at an angle to the horizontal;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between bulk strain and confining pressure under different confining pressure conditions in a triaxial test with different direction angles of coarse-grained soil;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the platform in an inclined state;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a post-platform attestation state;
FIG. 8 is a bottom view of FIG. 5;
the device comprises a sample 1, a platform 2, bolts 3, a test chassis 4, a variable measurement interface 5, a confining pressure loading interface 6, a drainage interface 7, a saturation interface 8, a water injection port 9 of a pressure chamber, steering supporting legs 10, telescopic supporting legs 11, rolling self-locking pulleys 12 and a slideway 13.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
The structure, proportion, size and the like shown in the drawings are only used for matching with the content disclosed in the specification, so that the person skilled in the art can understand and read the description, and the description is not used for limiting the limit condition of the implementation of the invention, so the method has no technical essence, and any structural modification, proportion relation change or size adjustment still falls within the scope covered by the technical content disclosed by the invention without affecting the effect and the achievable purpose of the invention. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 5-8, the direction-variable coarse soil sampling chassis device comprises a platform 2, a test chassis 4 is installed at the center of the upper surface of the platform 2, a square test sample placing hole is formed in the center of the test chassis 4 and used for placing a test sample 1, and a plurality of vertical bolts 3 are evenly installed on the test chassis at the periphery of the square test sample placing hole and used for fixing the test chassis on the platform 2. The inside a plurality of test tube that are linked together with sample test chassis that is provided with of platform 2, 2 sides of platform are provided with a plurality of interfaces that communicate with a plurality of test tube respectively, and a plurality of interfaces on the 2 sides of platform are including the body become measuring interface 5, confined pressure loading interface 6, go up drain port 7, saturation interface 8 and pressure chamber water filling port 9.
Two adjacent corners at the bottom of the platform 2 are respectively provided with a steering supporting leg 10, and the other two opposite corners at the bottom of the platform 2 are respectively provided with a telescopic supporting leg 11; the telescopic legs 11 are movably mounted in slideways 13 and can move in the slideways 13, the slideways 13 facing the steering legs 10 corresponding thereto.
The steering supporting leg 10 is formed by connecting an upper part and a lower part through a transverse pin shaft, the upper part and the lower part can rotate around the pin shaft, and the vertical projection of the pin shaft is perpendicular to the extension line of the slideway 13, so that the rotating direction of the steering supporting leg 10 is consistent with the direction of the slideway 13. The telescopic leg 11 is composed of two sections, and can be a hydraulic structure, a pneumatic structure, a spiral screwing-in structure or a drawing-pulling structure, and the structures are all the prior art and are not described again. The structure facilitates stretching and retraction of the telescopic supporting leg.
The bottoms of the steering supporting legs 10 and the telescopic supporting legs 11 are respectively provided with a rolling self-locking pulley 13. The further disassembly of the sample after the test is finished is facilitated.
The application method of the coarse-grained soil sampling chassis device with the variable direction angle comprises the following steps:
1) sleeving the rubber film into the chassis device according to requirements;
2) sleeving an iron molding barrel with a rubber film, turning the rubber film outwards to the molding barrel, and keeping the sample upright;
3) adjusting steering support legs and telescopic support legs of the chassis device according to a set included angle alpha between the large main stress and the long axis direction, and if the telescopic support legs cannot meet the height of the included angle, moving the telescopic support legs along a slideway to ensure that the included angle between a sample lifted by the telescopic support legs and a horizontal plane is alpha and self-lock a pulley, so as to ensure that the platform does not slide;
4) filling the prepared coarse-grained soil into a rubber membrane layer by layer according to requirements, and conventionally vibrating a sample by a vibrating device, wherein the long axis direction of the coarse-grained soil is approximately parallel to a horizontal plane under the action of gravity;
5) rotating pulleys at the bottoms of the steering supporting legs and the rolling telescopic supporting legs until the included angle between the chassis device and the horizontal plane is 0, wherein the included angle between the long axis direction of the particles in the sample and the large principal stress is the set angle alpha;
6) carrying out a coarse-grained soil triaxial test at the angle;
7) and (3) carrying out triaxial tests of different angles alpha in the long axis direction of the coarse-grained soil according to the steps 1) to 6).
The triaxial test that utilizes variable direction angle coarse-grained soil sampling chassis device to carry out can solve the problem that can not solve in following general triaxial test not considering the direction angle, can simulate the broken problem of granule that different position dam body materials received different direction power and produced under the field condition simultaneously, provides parameter verification for the deformation numerical calculation in later stage. Which comprises the following steps:
1. the relationship between the body strain and the confining pressure of coarse-grained soil under different confining pressure conditions in the triaxial test at different direction angles (as shown in fig. 4) can reflect the body strain of the internal material of the dam body of the high-face dam due to the crushing of particles at different direction angles, and provide technical reference for considering possible damage in the early construction process.
2. As can be seen from the tests of different direction angles of coarse-grained soil, the confining pressure sigma is generated in the shearing process31Angle alpha2The sample of (2) shows a reduction in the confining pressure σ31Angle alpha1The sample is expressed as shear-swelling (as shown in fig. 4), which is important for selecting a shear-swelling equation of coarse-grained soil in a constitutive model, and the determination of the constitutive model is the basis of the calculation of the settlement deformation value of the high earth-rock dam, and the difference between the shear-swelling equation and the settlement deformation value is obvious.
3. The method can reflect the comparison between the shear-swelling property under low confining pressure and a conventional triaxial test, reflect the particle crushing rate of particles in the real dam body at different direction angles, and provide technical reference for the design of the grading curve of the rockfill material during previous dam building aiming at the particle crushing of the particles at different direction angles.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The use method of the variable direction angle coarse-grained soil sampling chassis device comprises a platform, wherein a sample testing chassis is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the platform, a plurality of testing pipelines communicated with the sample testing chassis are arranged in the platform, and a plurality of interfaces respectively communicated with the plurality of testing pipelines are arranged on the side surface of the platform; two adjacent corners at the bottom of the platform are respectively provided with a steering supporting leg, and the other two opposite corners at the bottom of the platform are respectively provided with a telescopic supporting leg; the telescopic supporting legs are movably arranged in the slide ways and can move in the slide ways, and the slide ways face the corresponding steering supporting legs; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) sleeving the rubber film into the chassis device according to requirements;
2) sleeving an iron molding barrel with a rubber film, turning the rubber film outwards to the molding barrel, and keeping the sample upright;
3) according to the set included angle between the large main stress and the long axis direction
The chassis device is adjusted to the steering supporting legs and the telescopic supporting legs, if the telescopic supporting legs cannot meet the height of a formed included angle, the telescopic supporting legs are moved along the slide way, so that the included angle between a sample lifted by the telescopic supporting legs and the horizontal plane is ensured
The pulley is self-locked, so that the platform is ensured to be free from sliding;
4) filling the prepared coarse-grained soil into a rubber membrane layer by layer according to requirements, and conventionally vibrating a sample by a vibrating device, wherein the long axis direction of the coarse-grained soil is approximately parallel to a horizontal plane under the action of gravity;
5) the pulley at the bottom of the steering supporting leg and the pulley at the bottom of the rolling telescopic supporting leg are rotated until the included angle between the chassis device and the horizontal plane is 0, and the included angle between the long axis direction of the particles in the sample and the large principal stress is the set angle
；
6) Carrying out a coarse-grained soil triaxial test at the angle;
7) different angles of the long axis direction of the coarse-grained soil can be carried out according to the steps 1) to 6)
The triaxial test of (1).
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| CN201114466Y (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2008-09-10 | 乐建荣 | Visual angle adjustable flat plate TV wall hanging rack |
| CN103471871B (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-05-20 | 上海交通大学 | Device and method for cutting test sample with different angles in soil test |
| CN203538734U (en) * | 2013-11-17 | 2014-04-16 | 郑方圆 | Omni-directional anti-fatigue reading desk |
| CN203758815U (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2014-08-06 | 重庆交通大学 | Sample preparation device for testing of permeability coefficients of soil masses |
| CN206627747U (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2017-11-10 | 湖南机电职业技术学院 | A kind of adjustable projecting apparatus of projection angle |
| CN109060543B (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2020-11-24 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Device for directly measuring insertion amount of rubber membrane in triaxial test and measuring method thereof |
| CN108896403B (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2020-12-04 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Triaxial test device and method for measuring embedding amount of coarse-grained soil rubber membrane |
| CN110487645B (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2021-01-12 | 山东大学 | Miniature temperature-control unsaturated soil triaxial tester and method suitable for industrial CT scanning |
| CN111337414B (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2021-07-16 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Intelligent graded loading and variable-seepage-diameter ultra-large horizontal penetration test system |
| CN111896385A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-06 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Device for multi-size coarse-grained soil conventional triaxial test and using method thereof |
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