CN106196423B - A kind of Indoor Environmental Quality control optimization method based on model prediction - Google Patents
A kind of Indoor Environmental Quality control optimization method based on model prediction Download PDFInfo
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- CN106196423B CN106196423B CN201610506347.2A CN201610506347A CN106196423B CN 106196423 B CN106196423 B CN 106196423B CN 201610506347 A CN201610506347 A CN 201610506347A CN 106196423 B CN106196423 B CN 106196423B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
- F24F2110/12—Temperature of the outside air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/50—Air quality properties
- F24F2110/65—Concentration of specific substances or contaminants
- F24F2110/70—Carbon dioxide
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of Indoor Environmental Quality control optimization method based on model prediction, pass through thermal environment inside and outside physical experimental method collection room and its relevant control data, the Controlling model of Indoor Environmental Quality control is obtained with the method for identification, the PREDICTIVE CONTROL based on model is carried out to equipment such as air-conditioning, wind turbines on the basis of model foundation, by making characterization environmental quality (thermal environment, air quality) and the object function of energy consumption it is minimum, control is optimized to equipment such as air-conditioning, wind turbines, energy consumption is saved again to achieve the effect that meet Indoor Environmental Quality.The present invention has the characteristics that control accuracy is high, overshoot is small, low energy consumption, can preferably be suitable for the control and optimization of Indoor Environmental Quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Indoor Environmental Quality control field, more particularly to a kind of Indoor Environmental Quality based on model prediction
Control optimization method.
Background technology
One good indoor environment can be strong with the body of support personnel while ensureing experimenter's efficient operation
Health.It is especially pronounced with the influence of air quality and thermal environment Factors on Human in Indoor Environmental Quality.Due in summer office building
Air-conditioning is mostly used to adjust indoor temperature, so door and window is often in closing state, and it is relatively intensive to test indoor occupant, although
It can ensure indoor thermal comfort, but cause indoor air quality poor.Create a good working environment of environmental quality
Be to sacrifice energy consumption as cost, how under the premise of ensureing Indoor Environmental Quality by reasonably being controlled to air-conditioning, wind turbine etc.
System has great meaning to achieve the purpose that save energy consumption.
Indoor Environmental Quality is controlled and is consumed energy in optimization, Model Predictive Control (Model predictive control,
MPC it is) a kind of Optimized-control Technique based on model, is the effective means for controlling Indoor Environmental Quality.Model accuracy is mould
Key in type PREDICTIVE CONTROL directly affects the performance indicator of Indoor Environmental Quality control and optimization.Pass through the indoor ring of foundation
Border quality control and Optimized model can not only respond the actual conditions of building, while can also predict architecture indoor in time
The variation of environmental quality parameter, so as to adjust control and prioritization scheme in time.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of, and the Indoor Environmental Quality based on model prediction controls optimization method, to overcome
Traditional air-conditioning is adjusted more extensive can not change adjustment refrigerating capacity according to outdoor temperature so that it is that thermal comfort declines and
And the shortcomings that increasing energy expenditure.The method of the present invention can effectively control Indoor Environmental Quality and save energy
Source.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of Indoor Environmental Quality control optimization method based on model prediction, includes the following steps：
Step 1：Air-conditioning, wind turbine are controlled according to setting rule variation, temperature in use, carbon dioxide sensor by controller
Indoor and outdoor surroundings parameter is acquired, Indoor Environmental Quality Controlling model is obtained and establishes required data；
Step 2：Indoor Environmental Quality Controlling model is described using bilinear model；
Step 3：Indoor Environmental Quality Controlling model is recognized using the method for Model Distinguish, obtains indoor environment product
The Controlling model of Quality Control；
Step 4：Controller is designed, by the control method based on model prediction, to the object function of controller
It is designed so that it can meet the effect that Indoor Environmental Quality saves energy consumption again, by the traversal to controlling variable, solve
The minimum value for going out object function, using make the control variable of object function minimum as current control signal.
Further, in step 1 temperature and carbon dioxide sensor according to setting frequency to indoor and outdoor surroundings parameter into
Row acquisition, and by collected data transfer to controller.
Further, pass through the difference of the environmental variance of prediction and setting value and the Europe for the variable for characterizing energy consumption in step 4
Formula distance characterizes the integration objective of environmental quality and energy consumption, is sent as an envoy to characterization environmental quality and energy consumption by the method solution of traversal
Object function minimum control variable as current control signal.
Further, controller is configured to continuous operation mode in step 1, and controller gradually increases according to the step-length of setting
Add, makes air-conditioning and exhaust fan in interior circularly cooling, heating and air draft for 24 hours, observe indoor environment parameter and air-conditioning and exhaust fan
Controlled quentity controlled variable, while recording outdoor temperature, sample data of the sampled data as identification.
Further, Indoor Environmental Quality is described using bilinear model in step 2：
(k+1) moment indoor carbon dioxide concentration is one and k moment indoor carbon dioxides concentration, rotation speed of fan and outdoor
The related linear function of gas concentration lwevel, is described with following formula：
CO2in(k+1)=CO2in(k)+α1W(k)[CO2out(k)-CO2in(k)]+C1
Wherein, CO2in(k+1) it is k+1 moment indoor carbon dioxide concentration values；CO2in(k) it is k moment indoor carbon dioxides
Concentration；CO2out(k) it is the moment outdoors k gas concentration lwevel；W (k) is the aperture of k moment wind turbines；C1It is indoor occupant at one
The rate of carbon dioxide, α are generated in sampling time interval1For constant, determined by System Discrimination；
(k+1) moment indoor temperature is one related with k moment indoor temperature, outdoor temperature and air-conditioning and wind turbine aperture
Linear function is described with following formula：
Tin(k+1)=Tin(k)+β1W(k)[Tout(k)-Tin(k)]+β2AC(k)+β3[Tout(k)-Tin(k)]+C2
Wherein, Tin(k+1) it is k+1 moment indoor temperatures；Tin(k) it is k moment indoor temperatures；Tout(k) it is that the k moment is outdoor
Temperature；AC (k) is k moment air-conditioning apertures；W (k) is the aperture of k moment wind turbines；C2It is indoor occupant between a sampling time
Every the heat of interior generation；β1, β2, β3For constant, determined by System Discrimination.
Further, the discrimination method that least square is utilized in step 3, recognizes collected experimental data, obtains
Go out architectural environment quality control model, the Indoor Environmental Quality estimated value of subsequent timeUsing current state x (k)
With estimated parameterIt indicates：
Wherein, xp(k+1) subsequent time is Indoor Environmental Quality estimated value；xp(k) Indoor Environmental Quality current value；
To be estimated parameter；fm(u(k),xp(k)) it is the correlation function of current controller and current indoor environmental quality variable.
Further, step 4 specifically includes：
Controller design target：So that object function J (k) is minimum, target is to ensure environmental variance close to setting value xsAnd
And so that total energy consumption is minimum, values of the J (k) after N number of sampling period estimates that controller design target is as follows by step 3：
Wherein, xin(k+N) the Indoor Environmental Quality variate-value after the N number of sampling period for being prediction；xsFor indoor environment
Quality setting value；U (k) variables in order to control；Q and R is weight matrix；
Following rule is followed when predicting above formula：Within N number of sampling period of prediction, control signal is kept constant, and
In N number of sampling period of prediction, external disturbance is kept constant and equal with the value at last moment；
Weight matrix is defined as follows：
Q=adiag [q1 q2]
R=(1-a) diag [r1 r2]
In order to reflect the different grades of difference of environmental variance and establish flat between the value of environmental variance and energy consumption consumption
Weighing apparatus, a, qi=q1,q2And rj=r1,r2It is selected by trial and error.
A kind of Indoor Environmental Quality based on model prediction of the present invention controls optimization method, includes the following steps：It is logical first
It crosses experiment and obtains related data；Secondly, Indoor Environmental Quality Controlling model is established by the method for identification；Then, to controller
It is designed, determines object function, by carrying out rational optimal control to air-conditioning and wind turbine so that object function is minimum, reaches
To the effect that can meet Indoor Environmental Quality and save energy consumption again.
Object function weight matrix, including the weight matrix determination of environmental variance and the power of control variable are determined in step 4
The determination of value matrix；The weight matrix of environmental variance determines：Weights are set by environmental variance maximum set value divided by each ring
Border specification of variables value is standardized；The weight matrix for controlling variable determines：The matrix characterizes actuator action consumption
Energy consumption, the weights setting for controlling variable meet weights of the weights more than the equipment that low energy consumption of the big equipment of energy consumption.
Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention develops on the basis of model prediction, compared with
Traditional control mode, the control method have higher control accuracy, have for the control of Indoor Environmental Quality smaller
Overshoot, and steady-state behaviour is preferable, and energy consumption has been saved while ensureing Indoor Environmental Quality.
The present invention proposes a kind of Indoor Environmental Quality control optimization method based on model prediction, by Physical Experiment side
Thermal environment and its relevant control data inside and outside method collection room obtain the control mould of Indoor Environmental Quality control with the method for identification
Type carries out the PREDICTIVE CONTROL based on model on the basis of model foundation to equipment such as air-conditioning, wind turbines, by making characterization environment product
The object function of matter (thermal environment, air quality) and energy consumption is minimum, control is optimized to equipment such as air-conditioning, wind turbines, to reach
The effect that Indoor Environmental Quality saves energy consumption again can be met.The present invention has the spies such as control accuracy is high, overshoot is small, low energy consumption
Point can preferably be suitable for the control and optimization of Indoor Environmental Quality.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Indoor Environmental Quality control principle block diagram；
Fig. 2 is flow chart of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Fig. 1 gives the functional block diagram of Indoor Environmental Quality model predictive control system.Wherein, ACT, which is represented, improves interior
The actuator of environmental quality, including air-conditioning equipment and exhaust blower.BEMS represents building energy consumption management system, completes indoor environment product
The acquisition of matter parameter and control to actuator.K is the sampling instant of energy consumption management system, and x (k) is state variable, and y (k) is
Reference vector, d (k) are disturbance, xsVector is set for comfort level.
For room conditioning using KF-72LW/Y-Sx (E) split-floor type air conditioner beauteously, refrigerating capacity is 7 200W, system
Cold power is 2 820W；Exhaust fan is using precious prosperous FD400E, stepless speed regulation, power 200W, air quantity maximum per hour 4
000m3.Energy consumption management system uses the management of De Yian building energy consumptions and control platform, passes through indoor temperature, gas concentration lwevel
Sensor acquires indoor environment parameter；Outdoor data provides data by the weather station system based on crossbow；Air conditioner and
Exhaust fan is all connected on the platform, and indoor temperature and gas concentration lwevel are controlled by infrared remote control.
It please refers to shown in Fig. 2, a kind of Indoor Environmental Quality control optimization method based on model prediction of the present invention, including with
Lower step：
Step 1, by indoor temperature, gas concentration lwevel sensor, indoor environment parameter is acquired；By being based on
The weather station system of crossbow acquires outdoor data；Using controller De Yian building energy consumption management is passed to by signal is controlled
And control platform, it is managed by De Yian building energy consumptions and control platform controls air conditioner and exhaust fan, make control system
According to 10% step size controlling air-conditioning and exhaust fan, cycle is freezed, is heated and air draft in for 24 hours, observes indoor environment parameter
With the controlled quentity controlled variable of air-conditioning and exhaust fan, while outdoor temperature is recorded, sample data of the sampled data as identification.Therapy lasted
Time continues two days, is once sampled every 2min, totally 2 882 sampled points.
Step 2,3 recognize collected data using the method for identification, obtain the Controlling model of indoor environment：
Tin(k+1)=Tin(k)+0.0226·W(k)[Tout(k)-Tin(k)]+
0.3511·AC(k)+0.0033·[Tout(k)-Tin(k)]+0.0685
CO2in(k+1)=CO2in(k)+0.2107·W(k)[CO2out(k)-CO2in(k)]+7.5
Step 4, controller is designed, weight matrix Q is related with setting value, in order to make environmental variance realize standard
Change, weights are set by environmental variance maximum set value divided by each environment variable settings value to realize standardization, indoor
Temperature weight by divided by 25 DEG C calculate, 25 DEG C of average values for representing outdoor temperature condition：So Q matrixes are set as：R
Matrix characterizes the energy consumption of actuator action consumption, and wind turbine energy consumption is consumed energy very little compared to air-conditioning, sets fan energy consumption weight as 1,
Air conditioning energy consumption is 8.The setting of R matrixes is as follows：
R=(1-a) diag [r1 r2]
=(1-a) diag [1 8]
Setting a=0.5 characterizations keep the minimization of object function Q and R matrix of equal importance.By the method for traversal, solution makes
Obtain object function：J (k)=‖ xin(k+N)-xs‖2 Q+‖u(k)‖2 RMinimum control variable, as current control signal, to sky
Tune, wind turbine are controlled, and Indoor Environmental Quality can be met by, which reaching, requires energy-efficient effect again.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Indoor Environmental Quality based on model prediction controls optimization method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1：Air-conditioning, wind turbine are controlled according to setting rule variation by controller, and temperature in use, carbon dioxide sensor are to room
Internal and external environment parameter is acquired, and is obtained Indoor Environmental Quality Controlling model and is established required data；
Step 2：Indoor Environmental Quality Controlling model is described using bilinear model；
Step 3：Indoor Environmental Quality Controlling model is recognized using the method for Model Distinguish, obtains Indoor Environmental Quality control
The Controlling model of system；
Step 4：Controller is designed：By the control method based on model prediction, the object function of controller is carried out
Design so that it can meet the effect that Indoor Environmental Quality saves energy consumption again, by the traversal to controlling variable, solve mesh
The minimum value of scalar functions, using make the control variable of object function minimum as current control signal.
2. the Indoor Environmental Quality according to claim 1 based on model prediction controls optimization method, it is characterised in that：Step
Temperature and carbon dioxide sensor are acquired indoor and outdoor surroundings parameter according to the frequency of setting in rapid 1, and will be collected
Data transfer is to controller.
3. the Indoor Environmental Quality according to claim 1 based on model prediction controls optimization method, it is characterised in that：Step
Environmental quality is characterized by the Euclidean distance of the difference of the environmental variance of prediction and setting value and the variable for characterizing energy consumption in rapid 4
And the integration objective of energy consumption, the control of the object function minimum of send as an envoy to characterization environmental quality and energy consumption is solved by the method for traversal
Variable is as current control signal.
4. the Indoor Environmental Quality according to claim 1 based on model prediction controls optimization method, it is characterised in that：Step
Controller is configured to continuous operation mode in rapid 1, and controller is stepped up according to the step-length of setting, and air-conditioning and exhaust fan is made to exist
The controlled quentity controlled variable of indoor environment parameter and air-conditioning and exhaust fan, while recording room are observed in interior circularly cooling, heating and air draft for 24 hours
Outer temperature, sample data of the sampled data as identification.
5. the Indoor Environmental Quality according to claim 1 based on model prediction controls optimization method, it is characterised in that：Step
Indoor Environmental Quality is described using bilinear model in rapid 2：
(k+1) moment indoor carbon dioxide concentration is one and k moment indoor carbon dioxides concentration, rotation speed of fan and outdoor dioxy
Change the related linear function of concentration of carbon, is described with following formula：
CO2in(k+1)=CO2in(k)+α1W(k)[CO2out(k)-CO2in(k)]+C1
Wherein, CO2in(k+1) it is k+1 moment indoor carbon dioxide concentration values；CO2in(k) it is k moment indoor carbon dioxide concentration；
CO2out(k) it is the moment outdoors k gas concentration lwevel；W (k) is the aperture of k moment wind turbines；C1When being sampled at one for indoor occupant
Between be spaced in generate carbon dioxide rate, α1For constant, determined by System Discrimination；
(k+1) moment indoor temperature is one related with k moment indoor temperature, outdoor temperature and air-conditioning and wind turbine aperture linear
Function is described with following formula：
Tin(k+1)=Tin(k)+β1W(k)[Tout(k)-Tin(k)]+β2AC(k)+β3[Tout(k)-Tin(k)]+C2
Wherein, Tin(k+1) it is k+1 moment indoor temperatures；Tin(k) it is k moment indoor temperatures；Tout(k) it is k moment outdoor temperatures；
AC (k) is k moment air-conditioning apertures；W (k) is the aperture of k moment wind turbines；C2It is produced in a sampling time interval for indoor occupant
Raw heat；β1, β2, β3For constant, determined by System Discrimination.
6. the Indoor Environmental Quality according to claim 1 based on model prediction controls optimization method, it is characterised in that：Step
The discrimination method that least square is utilized in rapid 3, recognizes collected experimental data, obtains architectural environment quality control mould
Type, the Indoor Environmental Quality estimated value of subsequent timeUsing current state x (k) and estimated parameterIt indicates：
Wherein, xp(k+1) subsequent time is Indoor Environmental Quality estimated value；xp(k) Indoor Environmental Quality current value；For quilt
Estimate parameter；fm(u(k),xp(k)) it is the correlation function of current controller and current indoor environmental quality variable.
7. the Indoor Environmental Quality according to claim 1 based on model prediction controls optimization method, it is characterised in that：Step
Rapid 4 specifically include：
Controller design target：So that object function J (k) is minimum, target is to ensure environmental variance close to setting value xsAnd make
Total energy consumption is minimum, and values of the J (k) after N number of sampling period estimates that controller design target is as follows by step 3：
Wherein, xin(k+N) the Indoor Environmental Quality variate-value after the N number of sampling period for being prediction；xsFor Indoor Environmental Quality
Setting value；U (k) variables in order to control；Q and R is weight matrix；
Following rule is followed when predicting above formula：Within N number of sampling period of prediction, control signal is kept constant, and is being predicted
N number of sampling period in, external disturbance is kept constant and equal with the value at last moment；
Weight matrix is defined as follows：
Q=adiag [q1 q2]
R=(1-a) diag [r1 r2]
In order to reflect the different grades of difference of environmental variance and establish the balance between the value of environmental variance and energy consumption consumption, a,
qi=q1,q2And rj=r1,r2It is selected by trial and error.
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