CN115394174B - Method and system for building indoor and outdoor hot and humid environments of reduced scale building model - Google Patents
Method and system for building indoor and outdoor hot and humid environments of reduced scale building model Download PDFInfo
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- CN115394174B CN115394174B CN202211065229.4A CN202211065229A CN115394174B CN 115394174 B CN115394174 B CN 115394174B CN 202211065229 A CN202211065229 A CN 202211065229A CN 115394174 B CN115394174 B CN 115394174B
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- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a system for building indoor and outdoor hot and humid environments of a reduced scale building model, wherein the method comprises a model external environment building system, a model internal environment building system, a sensor, a data acquisition and control system: the external environment building system of the model is provided with a reduced scale building model which builds the external hot and humid environment and the wind environment of the building model required by the experiment; the model internal environment building system processes the air outside the system to the requirements of experiments and conveys the air into the reduced scale building model so as to build the required heat and humidity environment inside the reduced scale building model; the sensor can monitor environmental parameters outside and inside the reduced scale building model in real time; the data acquisition and control system collects real-time parameters fed back by the sensor and outputs instructions to regulate and control all parameters of indoor and outdoor environments of the reduced-scale building model. The invention can meet the requirements of the simulation of the heat and humidity transfer process inside the building envelope of a real building or a full-scale building model under various climatic conditions and different energy utilization modes.
Description
[ field of technology ]
The invention relates to a system and a method for building an indoor and outdoor system hot and humid environment, in particular to a method and a system for building an indoor and outdoor hot and humid environment of a reduced-scale building model, and belongs to the technical field of simulation of the indoor and outdoor environments of a building.
[ background Art ]
Carbon emission caused by the construction industry accounts for more than 50% of the total carbon emission of society, and the reduction of building energy consumption and carbon emission is not only a key link for realizing the aim of China, but also a necessary condition for realizing the sustainable development of human beings. By means of the strong pushing of building industrialization, carbon emission in building production and building construction stages is controlled to a certain extent, and carbon emission caused by building operation is continuously increased. Because the heat and cold energy consumption directly related to the cold and hot load of the building has a huge proportion in the total energy consumption of the building, and the seventy of the building loads is caused by the heat transfer of the building envelope, the improvement of the heat insulation capacity of the building envelope is a necessary way for reducing the energy consumption in the operation stage of the building.
In the enclosure structure, the diffusion and capillary action of moisture are synchronously carried out along with the heat transfer, so that the thermal performance of the enclosure structure and the cold and hot load caused by the heat transfer (including a sensible heat part and a latent heat part) of the enclosure structure are changed, and the energy consumption of the building and the indoor hot and humid environment are further influenced. Meanwhile, various materials and complex structures also cause uneven distribution of a temperature field and a humidity field in the enclosure structure, so that a specific high-humidity area often generates water vapor condensation and mold propagation, the humidity risk of the enclosure structure is caused, and the indoor air quality is also deteriorated. Along with the gradual progress of energy-saving work of the building, the heat preservation treatment mode of the enclosure structure is more complex, and the risk of moisture accumulation is increased. Therefore, the heat and humidity transfer process in the building enclosure structure is revealed through experiments, and the influence rule of the heat and humidity transfer process on the indoor environment and the heat and humidity load is clarified accordingly, so that the heat and humidity transfer process has important significance for realizing a double-carbon target.
The main research objects in the world and the country are real building or full-scale building models at present, and temperature and humidity sensors are buried on the surface and the inside of the enclosure structure to record the change condition of the temperature and humidity field of the enclosure structure in a period of time, so that the heat and moisture transfer process is deduced. As can be seen from the above test procedures, the current test methods have the following disadvantages: 1) For a real building, the temperature and humidity sensors are buried in the interior and the surface of the building envelope, so that the original building envelope is irreversibly damaged, and the normal use function of the building is affected; 2) For the full-scale building model, the model establishment and site leasing are both high in cost, so that the experiment cost is greatly increased, and long-term and repeated experiments are not facilitated.
In order to overcome the defects, the process of intercepting part of the area of the enclosure and exploring the heat and moisture transfer process in the part is a more commonly adopted experimental method in recent years, however, the method introduces a new defect that heat and moisture can be always regarded as one-dimensional transfer in the intercepted area of the enclosure, and the heat and moisture distribution at complex nodes of the enclosure is difficult to study. Meanwhile, the outer surface of the enclosure structure is exposed to the real outdoor environment in all the experimental modes, the real outdoor environment is complex and changeable and difficult to control, the targeted research in the experiment is not facilitated, and the experimental process is not reproducible. In addition, the wet transfer is slower, the time consumption for monitoring the moisture transfer process in the full-scale enclosing structure is longer, and the time cost of the experiment is increased. The adoption of the reduced-scale building model as a research object can make up most of the defects of the existing experimental mode, and the key of the experimental mode is to simultaneously build indoor and outdoor environments (namely, hot and humid environments and wind environments of the internal and external spaces of the model) aiming at the reduced-scale building model.
Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, it is necessary to provide an innovative method and system for creating indoor and outdoor heat and humidity environments of a scaled building model, so as to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art.
[ invention ]
The invention aims to provide a method for constructing indoor and outdoor heat and humidity environments of a reduced-scale building model, which is simple, convenient and feasible, enables the exploration of the heat and humidity transfer process in the enclosure structure of the reduced-scale building model to become possible, reduces the economic cost and the time cost of the experiment, improves the controllability and reproducibility of the experiment, and provides experimental data support for the calculation of cold and heat loads of the building, the prediction of heat and cold energy consumption and the protection of the enclosure structure.
The invention further aims to provide an indoor and outdoor heat and humidity environment building system of the reduced scale building model, which has the characteristics of high reliability and wide regulation range, can build indoor and outdoor environments of the reduced scale building model simultaneously, has the characteristics of large adjustment space of various environmental parameters, multiple combinations and the like, and can meet the simulation of the heat and humidity transfer process inside the enclosure structure of a real building or a full scale building model under various climatic conditions and different energy utilization modes.
In order to achieve the first object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the method for constructing the indoor and outdoor heat and humidity environment of the reduced scale building model is realized by using an indoor and outdoor heat and humidity environment constructing system of the reduced scale building model, and comprises the following process steps:
1) Opening an observation door, determining a target position of the reduced scale building model on the turntable, taking out a silica gel soft plug in a round hole in the range of the target position, and introducing temperature and humidity sensors at the rear end of an air supply hose, the front end of an air return hose and the inside of the model into a test section through the round hole;
2) Placing the reduced-scale building model to a target position, so that temperature and humidity sensors at the rear end of the air supply hose, the front end of the air return hose and the inside of the model are positioned inside the reduced-scale building model, and tightly closing the observation door;
3) The power supply of the data acquisition and control system is connected, and the servo motor is driven to operate through the data acquisition and control system so as to adjust the rotation angle of the turntable, so that the reduced scale building model faces to the target direction;
4) The rotation frequency of the power motor is increased from small to large through the data acquisition and control system until the wind speed at the wind speed sensor outside the model reaches the required target value of the wind speed outside the building model;
5) Adjusting the power of the model external air cooling section, the model external air heating section and the model external air electric humidifying section through a data acquisition and control system until the temperature and humidity at the position of the model external temperature and humidity sensor reach the required building model external temperature and humidity target value;
6) Starting a circulating fan through a data acquisition and control system, and adjusting the power of an internal air cooling section of the model, an internal air heating section of the model and an electric humidification section of the internal air of the model until the temperature and humidity at a temperature and humidity sensor of a buffer box reach a required temperature and humidity target value in the building model;
7) The data acquisition and control system is used for starting the air supply fan and the air return fan, so that air in the reduced-scale building model is continuously replaced, and when the temperature and humidity deviation between the temperature and humidity at the temperature and humidity sensor of the model and the temperature and humidity deviation between the temperature and humidity at the temperature and humidity sensor of the buffer box are not more than 5%, the simulation of the heat and humidity transfer process inside the enclosure structure can be started;
8) After the experiment is finished, the power supply of the air supply fan, the air return fan, the model internal air cooling section, the model internal air heating section, the model internal air electric humidifying section, the circulating fan, the model external air cooling section, the model external air heating section, the model external air electric humidifying section and the power motor are sequentially disconnected, and then the power supply of the data acquisition and control system is disconnected; opening the observation door, taking out the reduced scale building model, and tightly closing the observation door.
In order to achieve the second object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the indoor and outdoor hot and humid environment building system for the reduced scale building model comprises a model external environment building system, a model internal environment building system, a sensor and a data acquisition and control system:
a reduced scale building model is placed in the model external environment building system, and the model external heat and humidity environment and wind environment of the building model required by the experiment are built through a temperature and humidity adjusting device, a wind direction adjusting device and a wind speed adjusting device;
the model internal environment building system comprises a model internal air generating device, a buffer box and a gas pipe, wherein the air outside the system is processed to be required by experiments and is conveyed into a reduced scale building model so as to build a required heat and humidity environment inside the reduced scale building model;
the sensor comprises a temperature and humidity sensor outside the model, a wind speed sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor inside the model and a temperature and humidity sensor of a buffer box, and can monitor environmental parameters outside and inside the reduced scale building model in real time;
the data acquisition and control system collects real-time parameters fed back by the sensor and outputs instructions to regulate and control all parameters of indoor and outdoor environments of the reduced-scale building model.
The indoor and outdoor hot and humid environment building system of the reduced scale building model of the invention is further: the wind speed adjusting device is arranged along the air flow direction and comprises a stable front section, a stable rear section, a contraction section, a test section, a diffusion section, a power section, a front base, a middle base and a rear base; the front part of the temperature and humidity regulating device is connected with the stabilizing front section through a flange, and the rear part of the temperature and humidity regulating device is connected with the stabilizing rear section through a flange; the stable rear section, the contraction section, the test section, the diffusion section and the power section are all connected by flanges; the stable front section, the temperature and humidity adjusting device and the stable rear section are connected to the front base in a welding mode; the test section is connected to the middle base in a welding mode; the power section is connected to the rear base in a welding mode; the sections of the stabilizing front section, the stabilizing rear section, the contraction section, the test section and the temperature and humidity adjusting device are square; the inlet section of the diffusion section is square, and the outlet section of the diffusion section is circular; the section of the power section is circular.
The indoor and outdoor hot and humid environment building system of the reduced scale building model of the invention is further: 3 layers of damping nets woven by stainless steel wires are arranged in the stable front section, and the aperture ratio is 64%; a honeycomb device is arranged behind the damping net; a honeycomb device is also arranged in the stable rear section; the honeycomb unit is in a regular hexagon shape, and the diagonal length of the hexagon is 1.5-2.0 cm.
The indoor and outdoor hot and humid environment building system of the reduced scale building model of the invention is further: the outer profile curve of the contraction section accords with a Vitoxinyl curve.
The indoor and outdoor hot and humid environment building system of the reduced scale building model of the invention is further: the side wall of the test section is provided with an observation door for taking and placing the reduced scale building model; the observation door is provided with an observation window for observing the state of the reduced scale building model in real time; the bottom of the test section is embedded with a wind direction adjusting device, and the top of the wind direction adjusting device is flush with the bottom in the test section.
The indoor and outdoor hot and humid environment building system of the reduced scale building model of the invention is further: the wind direction adjusting device comprises a turntable, a transmission shaft, a servo motor, a protective cover and a silica gel soft plug; the rotary table is provided with a reduced scale building model, and the reduced scale building model is driven by the transmission shaft to freely rotate around the axis so as to adjust the angle between the reduced scale building model and the air flow; the turntable is provided with round holes which are uniformly distributed and have the aperture of 1.0-1.5 cm; the round hole is filled with a silica gel soft plug with the same thickness as the turntable and the diameter larger than that of the round hole; the transmission shaft is connected with the turntable and the servo motor through gears; the servo motor is connected with the data acquisition and control system through a connecting wire and operates under the instruction of the data acquisition and control system; the protective cover is connected with the outer bottom of the test section through bolts.
The indoor and outdoor hot and humid environment building system of the reduced scale building model of the invention is further: the inlet sectional area of the diffusion section is smaller than the outlet sectional area, and the diffusion angle is not larger than 4 degrees; the wall surface of the diffuser close to the inlet is provided with a pressure regulating hole; the power section is internally provided with a power motor, a hub, blades, a fairing and a damping net; the power motor is connected with the data acquisition and control system through a connecting wire and runs under the instruction of the data acquisition and control system; the paddle hub is connected with the power motor through a gear, and is driven by the power motor to directionally rotate around the axis; the blades are connected with the hub in a welding mode, and the air flow is driven to flow in the wind speed adjusting device; the fairing covers the power motor and the hub; the damping net is formed by weaving stainless steel wires, and the aperture ratio is 64%.
The indoor and outdoor hot and humid environment building system of the reduced scale building model of the invention is further: the temperature and humidity regulating device comprises a model external air cooling section for reducing the temperature and absolute humidity of air flow, an external air heating section for increasing the temperature and reducing the relative humidity of air flow, and a model external air electric humidifying section for increasing the absolute humidity of air flow; the model outside air cooling section, the model outside air heating section and the model outside air electric humidifying section are all connected with the data acquisition and control system through connecting wires, and the temperature and the humidity of air are regulated under the instruction of the data acquisition and control system.
The indoor and outdoor hot and humid environment building system of the reduced scale building model of the invention is further: the model internal air generating device is arranged along the air flow direction and comprises a filtering section, a total heat exchange section, a model internal air cooling section, a model internal air heating section, a model internal air electric humidifying section and a circulating fan; wherein the filtering efficiency of the filtering section is not lower than 99%; the total heat exchange section recovers waste heat in the airflow and preheats or precools the newly sucked airflow; the model internal air cooling section is used for reducing the temperature and absolute humidity of the air flow; the model internal air heating section is used for increasing the temperature of the air flow and reducing the relative humidity of the air flow; the internal air electric humidification section of the model is used for improving the absolute humidity of air flow; the circulating fan drives air flow to enter and exit the air generating device in the model, and flows between the air generating device and the buffer box; the model internal air cooling section, the model internal air heating section, the model internal air electric humidification section and the circulating fan are all connected with the data acquisition and control system through connecting wires, and the temperature, humidity and flow of air are regulated under the instruction of the data acquisition and control system.
The indoor and outdoor hot and humid environment building system of the reduced scale building model of the invention is further: the front part of the buffer box is connected with an air generating device inside the model through an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe; the air inlet pipe introduces air treated by the air generating device in the model; the exhaust pipe sends out air which flows through the reduced-scale building model; an air supply pipe and an air return pipe are arranged at the rear part of the buffer box; the air supply pipe is connected with the air supply fan and is used for supplying the treated air into the reduced scale model; the return air pipe is connected with a return air fan, and the return air pipe is used for recycling air flowing through the reduced-scale building model.
The indoor and outdoor hot and humid environment building system of the reduced scale building model of the invention is further: the air delivery pipe comprises an air supply hose and an air return hose; the outer diameters of the air supply hose and the air return hose are smaller than the aperture of the round hole of the turntable; the front end of the air supply hose is connected with the air supply fan, and the rear end of the air supply hose enters the reduced-scale building model through a round hole of the turntable; the front end of the return air hose is positioned in the reduced scale building model, is led out through a round hole of the turntable, and the rear end of the return air hose is connected with the return air fan.
The indoor and outdoor hot and humid environment building system of the reduced scale building model of the invention can also be: the measurement ranges of the temperature and humidity sensor outside the model, the temperature and humidity sensor inside the model and the temperature and humidity sensor of the buffer box are not smaller than-20.0-60.0 ℃ and 0-100% RH, the precision is not lower than +/-0.5 ℃ and +/-3% RH, and the measurement frequency is not lower than 0.1Hz; the temperature and humidity sensor outside the model, the temperature and humidity sensor inside the model and the temperature and humidity sensor of the buffer box are connected with the data acquisition and control system through connecting wires, and measured temperature and humidity data are transmitted to the data acquisition and control system; the external temperature and humidity sensor of the model is positioned at the upstream of the reduced scale building model and is used for monitoring the temperature and humidity of air outside the model; the temperature and humidity sensor in the model is positioned in the reduced scale building model and is used for monitoring the temperature and humidity of air in the model; the buffer box temperature and humidity sensor is positioned in the buffer box and used for monitoring the temperature and humidity of air conveyed into the reduced-scale building model; the measuring range of the wind speed sensor is not less than 0-10.0 m/s, the precision is not less than 0.1m/s, and the measuring frequency is not less than 0.1Hz; the wind speed sensor is connected with the data acquisition and control system through a connecting wire and transmits the measured temperature data to the data acquisition and control system; the wind speed sensor is positioned at the upstream of the reduced scale building model and is used for monitoring wind speed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the indoor and outdoor heat and humidity environment building system of the reduced-scale building model has the advantages of simple structure, mature principle, wide adjustment range of various parameters and various combination modes, is suitable for simulating the outdoor environment under various climatic conditions and the indoor environment under different energy utilization modes, and can enable the inner and outer surfaces of the enclosure structure of the reduced-scale building model to have stable and variable temperature and humidity gradient so as to provide driving force for heat and moisture transfer in the enclosure structure;
2. according to the system and the method for constructing the indoor and outdoor heat and humidity environments of the reduced-scale building model, disclosed by the invention, the heat and humidity transfer process in the building enclosure can be revealed by monitoring the temperature and humidity field in the reduced-scale building model enclosure, so that the influence rule of the heat and humidity transfer process on the indoor environment and the heat and humidity load is clarified, the use of a real building or full-scale building model is avoided, and the economic cost is reduced; the heat and humidity transfer process in the enclosure structure is quickened, and the time cost is reduced; the dependence on the weather parameters of the real outdoor environment is reduced, and the controllability and reproducibility of the experiment are enhanced.
3. The system and the method for constructing indoor and outdoor heat and humidity environments of the reduced scale building model can further select the reduced scale building model with complex nodes such as a heat (cold) bridge and the like as an experimental object, and provide possibility for deeper geographic three-dimensional coupling transfer process of heat and humidity in the enclosure structure.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the indoor and outdoor hot and humid environment building system of the reduced scale building model of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the indoor and outdoor hot and humid environment building system of the reduced scale building model of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the wind direction adjusting device and the reduced scale building model in fig. 1.
[ detailed description ] of the invention
Referring to fig. 1 to 3 of the drawings, the present invention is an indoor and outdoor hot and humid environment building system for a reduced scale building model, which can build indoor and outdoor environments (i.e. hot and humid environments and wind environments of the interior and exterior spaces of the model) of a reduced scale building model 100 at the same time, and comprises an external (outdoor) environment building system for the model, an internal (indoor) environment building system for the model, a sensor, a data acquisition and control system 8, and the like.
The model external environment building system is provided with a contracted building model 100, and builds an external hot and humid environment and a wind environment of the building model required by an experiment, and the model external environment building system consists of a temperature and humidity adjusting device 1, a wind direction adjusting device 2 and a wind speed adjusting device (wind tunnel) 3.
The model internal environment building system has the functions of processing air outside the system to the requirements of experiments and conveying the air into the reduced scale building model 100 to build the required hot and humid environment inside the reduced scale building model 100, and consists of a model internal air generating device 4, a buffer box 5 and an air conveying pipe 6.
The sensor has the function of monitoring indoor and outdoor environmental parameters of the reduced-scale building model in real time, and consists of a model external temperature and humidity sensor 7-1, a wind speed sensor 7-2, a model internal temperature and humidity sensor 7-3 and a buffer box temperature and humidity sensor 7-4.
The data acquisition and control system 8 has the functions of collecting real-time parameters fed back by the sensor and outputting instructions to regulate and control various parameters of indoor and outdoor environments of the reduced-scale building model.
Specifically, the wind speed adjusting device 3 comprises a stable front section 3-1, a stable rear section 3-2, a contraction section 3-3, a test section 3-4, a diffusion section 3-5, a power section 3-6, a front base 3-7, a middle base 3-8 and a rear base 3-9 along the air flow direction (front to rear in the present embodiment). The front part of the temperature and humidity regulating device 1 is connected with the stabilizing front section 3-1 by adopting a flange, and the rear part of the temperature and humidity regulating device 1 is connected with the stabilizing rear section 3-2 by adopting a flange. The stabilizing rear section 3-2, the contraction section 3-3, the test section 3-4, the diffusion section 3-5 and the power section 3-6 are all connected by flanges. The stable front section 3-1, the temperature and humidity adjusting device 1, the stable rear section 3-2 and the front base 3-7 are connected in a welding mode. The test section 3-4 is connected with the middle base 3-8 in a welding mode; the power section 3-6 is connected with the rear base 3-9 in a welding mode. The sections of the stabilizing front section 3-1, the stabilizing rear section 3-2, the contraction section 3-3, the test section 3-4 and the temperature and humidity regulating device 1 are square; the inlet section of the diffusion section 3-5 is square, and the outlet section is circular; the section of the power section 3-6 is round.
Further, 3 layers of damping nets 3-1-1 woven by stainless steel wires are arranged in the stabilizing front section 3-1, and the opening ratio is 64% for preventing impurities from being sucked into the wind speed adjusting device 3. The honeycomb device 3-1-2 is arranged behind the damping net and is used for guiding the air flow to be parallel to the external environment of the model to build the axis of the system, dividing the large-scale vortex in the air flow into small rotary pits and accelerating the attenuation of the vortex. The units of the honeycomb device 3-1-2 are regular hexagons, and the diagonal length of each hexagon is 1.5-2.0 cm.
Further, a honeycomb device 3-2-1 is also arranged in the stabilizing rear section 3-2 for further improving the velocity distribution of the air flow. The unit of the honeycomb device 3-2-1 is in a regular hexagon, and the diagonal length of the hexagon is 1.5-2.0 cm.
The external profile curve of the contraction section 3-3 accords with a Vitoxinyl curve and is used for improving the air flow quality of the test section 3-4, namely improving the uniformity and the stability of a flow field and reducing the turbulence.
The side wall of the test section 3-4 is provided with an observation door 3-4-1 which can be opened and closed freely and is used for taking and placing the reduced scale building model. The observation door 3-4-1 is provided with an observation window 3-4-2 for observing the state of the reduced scale building model 100 in real time. The bottom of the test section 3-4 is embedded with a wind direction adjusting device 2, so that the top of the wind direction adjusting device 2 is flush with the bottom in the test section 3-4.
The inlet cross section of the diffusion section 3-5 is slightly smaller than the outlet cross section, and the diffusion angle is not larger than 4 degrees, so that the dynamic pressure of the air flow is converted into static pressure, and the energy loss is reduced. The pressure regulating hole 3-5-1 is formed in the wall surface of the diffuser section 3-5, which is close to the inlet, and is used for balancing the internal and external static pressure of the wind speed regulating device 3.
Further, a power motor 3-6-1, a hub 3-6-2, blades 3-6-3, a fairing 3-6-4 and a damping net 3-6-5 are arranged in the power section 3-6. The power motor 3-6-1 is connected with the data acquisition and control system 8 through a connecting wire and operates under the instruction of the data acquisition and control system 8. The paddle hub 3-6-2 is connected with the power motor 3-6-1 by adopting a gear, and can rotate around the axis in an oriented way under the driving of the power motor 3-6-1. The blades 3-6-3 are connected with the hub 3-6-2 in a welding mode, so that air flow is driven to flow in the wind speed adjusting device 3, and a uniform flow field with a certain flow speed is formed. The fairing 3-6-4 covers the power motor 3-6-1 and the hub 3-6-2, so that the front and back of the blade 3-6-3 are kept streamline, and the airflow performance is improved. The damping net 3-6-5 is formed by weaving stainless steel wires, and the aperture ratio is 64%.
Specifically, the temperature and humidity adjusting device 1 comprises a model external air cooling section 1-1, a model external air heating section 1-2 and a model external air electric humidifying section 1-3. The model external air cooling section 1-1 is used for reducing the temperature and absolute humidity of air flow; the model external air heating section 1-2 is used for increasing the temperature of the air flow and reducing the relative humidity of the air flow; the model external air electric humidifying section 1-3 is used for improving the absolute humidity of air flow. The model external air cooling section 1-1, the model external air heating section 1-2 and the model external air electric humidifying section 1-3 are connected with the data acquisition and control system 8 through connecting wires, and the air temperature and the air humidity are regulated under the instruction of the data acquisition and control system.
The wind direction adjusting device 2 comprises a rotary table 2-1, a transmission shaft 2-2, a servo motor 2-3, a protective cover 2-4 and a silica gel soft plug 2-5. The turntable 2-1 can freely rotate around the axis under the drive of the transmission shaft 2-2 so as to adjust the angle between the reduced scale building model and the air flow and achieve the effect of adjusting the orientation of the reduced scale building model. The turntable 2-1 is provided with round holes 2-6 which are uniformly distributed and have the aperture of 1.0-1.5 cm. The round hole 2-6 is filled with a silica gel soft plug 2-5 which has the same thickness as the turntable and has a diameter slightly larger than that of the round hole, and the round hole 2-6 can be freely taken out or filled in. The transmission shaft 2-2 is connected with the turntable 2-1 and the servo motor 2-3 by adopting gears; the servo motor 2-3 is connected with the data acquisition and control system 8 through a connecting wire and operates under the instruction of the data acquisition and control system 8; the outer bottoms of the protective cover 2-4 and the test section 3-4 are connected by bolts, and the protective cover is used for preventing the transmission shaft and the servo motor from being damaged by external force.
The model internal air generating device 4 comprises a filtering section 4-1, a total heat exchange section 4-2, a model internal air cooling section 4-3, a model internal air heating section 4-4, a model internal air electric humidifying section 4-5 and a circulating fan 4-6 along the air flow direction (front to back in the present creation). The filtering efficiency of the filtering section 4-1 is not lower than 99 percent, and the filtering section is used for preventing impurities from being sucked into an air generating device inside the model. The total heat exchange section 4-2 is used for recovering waste heat in the exhaust air flow and preheating or precooling a new air flow of the suction device. The model internal air cooling section 4-3 is used to reduce the temperature and absolute humidity of the air stream. The model internal air heating section 4-4 is used to raise the temperature of the air stream and lower the relative humidity of the air stream. The model internal air electric humidification section 4-5 is used for improving the absolute humidity of the air flow. The circulating fan 4-6 is used for providing kinetic energy for the air flow, driving the air flow to enter and exit the air generating device and flowing between the air generating device and the buffer box 5. The model internal air cooling section 4-3, the model internal air heating section 4-4, the model internal air electric humidification section 4-5 and the circulating fan 4-6 are connected with the data acquisition and control system 8 through connecting wires, and the temperature, humidity and flow of air are regulated under the instruction of the data acquisition and control system 8.
The front part of the buffer box 5 is connected with the air generating device 4 inside the model through an air inlet pipe 5-1 and an exhaust pipe 5-2. The air inlet pipe 5-1 is used for introducing air processed by the air generating device in the model, and the exhaust pipe 5-2 is used for sending out air which flows through the reduced-scale building model. The rear part of the buffer box 5 is provided with an air supply pipe 5-3 and an air return pipe 5-4, and the air supply pipe 5-3 is connected with an air supply fan 5-5 and is used for conveying the treated air into the reduced scale model. The return air pipe 5-4 is connected with a return air fan 5-6 and is used for recycling air flowing through the reduced-scale building model.
The air delivery pipe 6 is divided into an air supply hose 6-1 and an air return hose 6-2, and the outer diameters of the air delivery hose and the air return hose are slightly smaller than the aperture of a round hole 2-6 of the turntable 2-1. The front end of the air supply hose 6-1 is connected with the air supply fan 5-5, and the rear end of the air supply hose enters the reduced scale building model 100 through the round hole 2-6 of the turntable 2-1. The front end of the return air hose 6-2 is positioned in the reduced scale building model 100, is led out through the round hole 2-6 of the turntable 2-1, and the rear end is connected with the return air fan 5-6.
The measurement ranges of the temperature and humidity sensor 7-1 outside the model, the temperature and humidity sensor 7-3 inside the model and the temperature and humidity sensor 7-4 of the buffer box are not smaller than-20.0-60.0 ℃ and 0-100% RH, the precision is not lower than +/-0.5 ℃ and +/-3% RH, and the measurement frequency is not lower than 0.1Hz. The temperature and humidity sensor 7-1 outside the model, the temperature and humidity sensor 7-3 inside the model and the temperature and humidity sensor 7-4 of the buffer box are connected with the data acquisition and control system 8 through connecting wires, and the measured temperature data are transmitted to the data acquisition and control system 8. The model external temperature and humidity sensor 7-1 is positioned at the upstream of the reduced scale building model 100 and is used for monitoring the temperature and humidity of air outside the model; the temperature and humidity sensor 7-3 in the model is positioned in the reduced scale building model 100 and is used for monitoring the temperature and humidity of air in the model; the buffer box temperature and humidity sensor 7-4 is positioned in the buffer box 5 and is used for monitoring the temperature and humidity of air conveyed into the reduced-scale building model.
The measuring range of the wind speed sensor 7-2 is not less than 0-10.0 m/s, the precision is not less than 0.1m/s, and the measuring frequency is not less than 0.1Hz; the wind speed sensor 7-2 is connected with the data acquisition and control system 8 through a connecting wire, and transmits the measured temperature data to the data acquisition and control system 8. The wind speed sensor 7-2 is located upstream of the reduced scale building model 100 for monitoring wind speed.
The data acquisition and control system 8 is directly connected with a power supply, and transmits electric energy to the model external air cooling section 1-1, the model external air heating section 1-2, the model external air electric humidifying section 1-3, the servo motor 2-3, the power motor 3-6-1, the model internal air cooling section 4-3, the model internal air heating section 4-3, the model internal air electric humidifying section 4-4, the circulating fan 4-5, the air supply fan 5-5 and the return air fan 5-6 through connecting wires. The data acquisition and control system 8 is connected with an external temperature and humidity sensor 7-1, an air speed sensor 7-2, an indoor humidity sensor 7-3 and a buffer box temperature and humidity sensor 7-4 of the model through connecting wires, and various parameters measured by the sensors are collected.
The method for constructing the indoor and outdoor hot and humid environment of the reduced-scale building model by adopting the system comprises the following process steps:
1) Opening an observation door 3-4-1, determining a target position of the reduced scale building model 100 on the turntable 2-1, taking out a silica gel soft plug 2-5 in a round hole 2-6 in a target position range, and introducing the rear end of an air supply hose 6-1, the front end of an air return hose 6-2 and a temperature and humidity sensor 7-3 in the model into a test section 3-4 through the round hole 2-6;
2) Placing the reduced scale building model 100 to a target position, and enabling the rear end of the air supply hose 6-1, the front end of the air return hose 6-2 and the temperature and humidity sensor 7-3 in the model to be positioned in the reduced scale building model 100, and tightly closing the observation door 3-4-1;
3) The power supply of the data acquisition and control system 8 is connected, the servo motor 2-3 is driven to operate by the data acquisition and control system 8 so as to adjust the rotation angle of the turntable 2-1, and the reduced scale building model 100 faces the target direction;
4) The rotation frequency of the power motor 3-6-1 is increased from small to large through the data acquisition and control system 8 until the wind speed at the position of the model external wind speed sensor 7-2 reaches the required building model external wind speed target value;
5) The power of the model external air cooling section 1-1, the model external air heating section 1-2 and the model external air electric humidifying section 1-3 is regulated by the data acquisition and control system 8 until the temperature and humidity at the position of the model external temperature and humidity sensor 1-3 reach the required building model external temperature and humidity target value;
6) Starting a circulating fan 4-6 through a data acquisition and control system 8, and adjusting the power of an internal air cooling section 4-3 of the model, an internal air heating section 4-4 of the model and an electric humidifying section 4-5 of the internal air of the model until the temperature and the humidity at a temperature and humidity sensor 7-4 of the buffer box reach the required temperature and humidity target value in the interior of the building model;
7) The data acquisition and control system 8 starts the air supply fan 5-5 and the air return fan 5-6, so that air in the reduced scale building model 100 is continuously replaced, and when the temperature and humidity deviation between the temperature and humidity at the position of the temperature and humidity sensor 7-3 in the model and the temperature and humidity deviation between the temperature and humidity at the position of the temperature and humidity sensor 7-4 in the buffer box is not more than 5%, the simulation of the heat and humidity transfer process in the enclosure structure can be started;
8) After the experiment is finished, the power supply of the air supply fan 5-5, the air return fan 5-6, the model internal air cooling section 4-3, the model internal air heating section 4-4, the model internal air electric humidifying section 4-5, the circulating fan 4-6, the model external air cooling section 1-1, the model external air heating section 1-2, the model external air electric humidifying section 1-3 and the power motor 3-6-1 are sequentially disconnected, and then the power supply of the data acquisition and control system 8 is disconnected; the observation door 3-4-1 is opened, the scaled building model 100 is taken out, and the observation door 3-4-1 is tightly closed.
The invention can simultaneously construct the external and internal space environments of the reduced-scale building model, has large adjustment space and various combinations of various environmental parameters, can meet the simulation of the heat and humidity transfer process in the building envelope of a real building or a full-scale building model under various climatic conditions and different energy utilization modes, reduces the experimental cost, improves the controllability and reproducibility of the experiment, and provides experimental data support for the calculation of cold and heat loads of the building, the prediction of heat and cold energy consumption and the protection of the wet risk of the building envelope.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, but any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for building indoor and outdoor hot and humid environments of a reduced-scale building model adopts a system for building indoor and outdoor hot and humid environments of the reduced-scale building model, and the system comprises a model external environment building system, a model internal environment building system, a sensor and a data acquisition and control system:
a reduced scale building model is placed in the model external environment building system, and the model external heat and humidity environment and wind environment of the building model required by the experiment are built through a temperature and humidity adjusting device, a wind direction adjusting device and a wind speed adjusting device;
the wind speed adjusting device is arranged along the air flow direction and comprises a stable front section, a stable rear section, a contraction section, a test section, a diffusion section, a power section, a front base, a middle base and a rear base; the front part of the temperature and humidity regulating device is connected with the stabilizing front section through a flange, and the rear part of the temperature and humidity regulating device is connected with the stabilizing rear section through a flange; the stable rear section, the contraction section, the test section, the diffusion section and the power section are all connected by flanges; the stable front section, the temperature and humidity adjusting device and the stable rear section are connected to the front base in a welding mode; the test section is connected to the middle base in a welding mode; the power section is connected to the rear base in a welding mode; the sections of the stabilizing front section, the stabilizing rear section, the contraction section, the test section and the temperature and humidity adjusting device are square; the inlet section of the diffusion section is square, and the outlet section of the diffusion section is circular; the section of the power section is circular;
3 layers of damping nets woven by stainless steel wires are arranged in the stable front section, and the aperture ratio is 64%; a honeycomb device is arranged behind the damping net; a honeycomb device is also arranged in the stable rear section; the honeycomb device is in a regular hexagon, and the diagonal length of the hexagon is 1.5-2.0 cm; the external profile curve of the contraction section accords with a Vitoxinyl curve;
the side wall of the test section is provided with an observation door for taking and placing the reduced scale building model; the observation door is provided with an observation window for observing the state of the reduced scale building model in real time; the bottom of the test section is embedded with a wind direction adjusting device, and the top of the wind direction adjusting device is flush with the bottom in the test section; the wind direction adjusting device comprises a turntable, a transmission shaft, a servo motor, a protective cover and a silica gel soft plug; the rotary table is provided with a reduced scale building model, and the reduced scale building model is driven by the transmission shaft to freely rotate around the axis so as to adjust the angle between the reduced scale building model and the air flow; the turntable is provided with round holes which are uniformly distributed and have the aperture of 1.0-1.5 cm; the round hole is filled with a silica gel soft plug with the same thickness as the turntable and the diameter larger than that of the round hole; the transmission shaft is connected with the turntable and the servo motor through gears; the servo motor is connected with the data acquisition and control system through a connecting wire and operates under the instruction of the data acquisition and control system; the protective cover is connected with the outer bottom of the test section through bolts;
the inlet sectional area of the diffusion section is smaller than the outlet sectional area, and the diffusion angle is not larger than 4 degrees; the wall surface of the diffuser close to the inlet is provided with a pressure regulating hole; the power section is internally provided with a power motor, a hub, blades, a fairing and a damping net; the power motor is connected with the data acquisition and control system through a connecting wire and runs under the instruction of the data acquisition and control system; the paddle hub is connected with the power motor through a gear, and is driven by the power motor to directionally rotate around the axis; the blades are connected with the hub in a welding mode, and the air flow is driven to flow in the wind speed adjusting device; the fairing covers the power motor and the hub; the damping net is formed by weaving stainless steel wires, and the aperture ratio is 64%;
the temperature and humidity regulating device comprises a model external air cooling section for reducing the temperature and absolute humidity of air flow, an external air heating section for increasing the temperature and reducing the relative humidity of air flow, and a model external air electric humidifying section for increasing the absolute humidity of air flow; the model external air cooling section, the model external air heating section and the model external air electric humidifying section are all connected with the data acquisition and control system through connecting wires, and the temperature and the humidity of air are regulated under the instruction of the data acquisition and control system;
the model internal environment building system comprises a model internal air generating device, a buffer box and a gas pipe, wherein the air outside the system is processed to be required by experiments and is conveyed into a reduced scale building model so as to build a required heat and humidity environment inside the reduced scale building model;
the sensor comprises a temperature and humidity sensor outside the model, a wind speed sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor inside the model and a temperature and humidity sensor of a buffer box, and can monitor environmental parameters outside and inside the reduced scale building model in real time;
the data acquisition and control system collects real-time parameters fed back by the sensor and outputs instructions to regulate and control various parameters of indoor and outdoor environments of the reduced-scale building model;
the model internal air generating device is arranged along the air flow direction and comprises a filtering section, a total heat exchange section, a model internal air cooling section, a model internal air heating section, a model internal air electric humidifying section and a circulating fan; wherein the filtering efficiency of the filtering section is not lower than 99%; the total heat exchange section recovers waste heat in the airflow and preheats or precools the newly sucked airflow; the model internal air cooling section is used for reducing the temperature and absolute humidity of the air flow; the model internal air heating section is used for increasing the temperature of the air flow and reducing the relative humidity of the air flow; the internal air electric humidification section of the model is used for improving the absolute humidity of air flow; the circulating fan drives air flow to enter and exit the air generating device in the model, and flows between the air generating device and the buffer box; the model internal air cooling section, the model internal air heating section, the model internal air electric humidification section and the circulating fan are all connected with the data acquisition and control system through connecting wires, and the temperature, humidity and flow of air are regulated under the instruction of the data acquisition and control system;
the front part of the buffer box is connected with an air generating device inside the model through an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe; the air inlet pipe introduces air treated by the air generating device in the model; the exhaust pipe sends out air which flows through the reduced-scale building model; an air supply pipe and an air return pipe are arranged at the rear part of the buffer box; the air supply pipe is connected with the air supply fan and is used for supplying the treated air into the reduced scale model; the return air pipe is connected with a return air fan and used for recycling air flowing through the reduced-scale building model;
the air delivery pipe comprises an air supply hose and an air return hose; the outer diameters of the air supply hose and the air return hose are smaller than the aperture of the round hole of the turntable; the front end of the air supply hose is connected with the air supply fan, and the rear end of the air supply hose enters the reduced-scale building model through a round hole of the turntable; the front end of the return air hose is positioned in the reduced scale building model, is led out through a round hole of the turntable, and the rear end of the return air hose is connected with the return air fan;
the environment construction method comprises the following process steps:
1) Opening an observation door, determining a target position of the reduced scale building model on the turntable, taking out a silica gel soft plug in a round hole in the range of the target position, and introducing temperature and humidity sensors at the rear end of an air supply hose, the front end of an air return hose and the inside of the model into a test section through the round hole;
2) Placing the reduced-scale building model to a target position, so that temperature and humidity sensors at the rear end of the air supply hose, the front end of the air return hose and the inside of the model are positioned inside the reduced-scale building model, and tightly closing the observation door;
3) The power supply of the data acquisition and control system is connected, and the servo motor is driven to operate through the data acquisition and control system so as to adjust the rotation angle of the turntable, so that the reduced scale building model faces to the target direction;
4) The rotation frequency of the power motor is increased from small to large through the data acquisition and control system until the wind speed at the wind speed sensor outside the model reaches the required target value of the wind speed outside the building model;
5) Adjusting the power of the model external air cooling section, the model external air heating section and the model external air electric humidifying section through a data acquisition and control system until the temperature and humidity at the position of the model external temperature and humidity sensor reach the required building model external temperature and humidity target value;
6) Starting a circulating fan through a data acquisition and control system, and adjusting the power of an internal air cooling section of the model, an internal air heating section of the model and an electric humidification section of the internal air of the model until the temperature and humidity at a temperature and humidity sensor of a buffer box reach a required temperature and humidity target value in the building model;
7) The data acquisition and control system is used for starting the air supply fan and the air return fan, so that air in the reduced-scale building model is continuously replaced, and when the temperature and humidity deviation between the temperature and humidity at the temperature and humidity sensor of the model and the temperature and humidity deviation between the temperature and humidity at the temperature and humidity sensor of the buffer box are not more than 5%, the simulation of the heat and humidity transfer process inside the enclosure structure can be started;
8) After the experiment is finished, the power supply of the air supply fan, the air return fan, the model internal air cooling section, the model internal air heating section, the model internal air electric humidifying section, the circulating fan, the model external air cooling section, the model external air heating section, the model external air electric humidifying section and the power motor are sequentially disconnected, and then the power supply of the data acquisition and control system is disconnected; opening the observation door, taking out the reduced scale building model, and tightly closing the observation door.
2. The method for constructing indoor and outdoor heat and humidity environment of reduced-scale building model according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the measurement ranges of the temperature and humidity sensor outside the model, the temperature and humidity sensor inside the model and the temperature and humidity sensor of the buffer box are not smaller than-20.0-60.0 ℃ and 0-100% RH, the precision is not lower than +/-0.5 ℃ and +/-3% RH, and the measurement frequency is not lower than 0.1Hz; the temperature and humidity sensor outside the model, the temperature and humidity sensor inside the model and the temperature and humidity sensor of the buffer box are connected with the data acquisition and control system through connecting wires, and measured temperature and humidity data are transmitted to the data acquisition and control system; the external temperature and humidity sensor of the model is positioned at the upstream of the reduced scale building model and is used for monitoring the temperature and humidity of air outside the model; the temperature and humidity sensor in the model is positioned in the reduced scale building model and is used for monitoring the temperature and humidity of air in the model; the buffer box temperature and humidity sensor is positioned in the buffer box and used for monitoring the temperature and humidity of air conveyed into the reduced-scale building model; the measuring range of the wind speed sensor is not less than 0-10.0 m/s, the precision is not less than 0.1m/s, and the measuring frequency is not less than 0.1Hz; the wind speed sensor is connected with the data acquisition and control system through a connecting wire and transmits the measured temperature data to the data acquisition and control system; the wind speed sensor is positioned at the upstream of the reduced scale building model and is used for monitoring wind speed.
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