CN106194255A - Tunnel waterproof and water drainage system and method for construction thereof - Google Patents
Tunnel waterproof and water drainage system and method for construction thereof Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract 14
- 239000011380 pervious concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种隧道结构，具体涉及一种隧道防排水系统及其建造方法。The invention relates to a tunnel structure, in particular to a tunnel waterproof and drainage system and a construction method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
渗漏水是运营隧道最常见的病害，隧道渗流水不但加速隧道结构老化，缩短隧道结构的服役寿命，还增加了隧道运营维护成本，并威胁隧道的行车安全。尤其在寒冷地区，隧道渗漏水还会引发隧道冻害，加剧隧道结构破坏；并造成隧道洞壁挂冰、路面结冰，严重威胁隧道行车安全。必须从根本上解决隧道渗漏水问题。Leakage water is the most common disease in operating tunnels. Tunnel seepage water not only accelerates the aging of tunnel structures, shortens the service life of tunnel structures, but also increases the cost of tunnel operation and maintenance, and threatens the traffic safety of tunnels. Especially in cold regions, water seepage from tunnels can cause freezing damage to tunnels and aggravate tunnel structural damage; it can also cause ice on tunnel walls and icy road surfaces, seriously threatening tunnel driving safety. The problem of tunnel water leakage must be fundamentally solved.
《公路隧道设计规范》中规定：“隧道采用复合式衬砌时，在初期支护和二次衬砌之间应设置防水板及无纺布，防水板应采用易于焊接的防水卷材，厚度不小于1.0mm；沿衬砌背后环向应设置导水盲管，其纵向间距不大于20m”。防水板是隧道防水的重要防线，一旦防水板发生破坏，地下水将透过防水板，沿着隧道施工缝、变形缝和结构裂缝流出，形成隧道渗漏水。现有的隧道防水板在施工和运营中极易被破坏，导致防水板破坏的原因如下：①隧道初期支护为喷射混凝土，喷射混凝土表面经常出现凸出物或有锚杆端头出露，可刺破防水板；②隧道初期支护和二次衬砌经常会发生错动，常导致位于初期支护和二衬衬砌之间的防水板撕裂。③相邻的防水板采用热熔连接，连接效果受施工环境、施工水平和管理水平等多因素影响，焊接部位经常出现焊接不牢靠，在服役中发生错动，形成排水通道。④当隧道发生火灾时，防水板材易软化失效。⑤防水板材服役寿命约为60年，隧道运行年限为100年，防水板无法满足隧道长期服役要求。基于上述背景，研发新型隧道防排水技术就成为亟待解决的技术问题。The "Code for Design of Highway Tunnels" stipulates: "When the composite lining is used for the tunnel, waterproof boards and non-woven fabrics should be installed between the primary support and the secondary lining. 1.0mm; along the circumferential direction behind the lining, blind water guide pipes shall be arranged, and the longitudinal distance shall not be greater than 20m". The waterproof board is an important line of defense for tunnel waterproofing. Once the waterproof board is damaged, groundwater will pass through the waterproof board and flow out along the tunnel construction joints, deformation joints and structural cracks, forming tunnel water leakage. The existing tunnel waterproof panels are easily damaged during construction and operation. The reasons for the damage of the waterproof panels are as follows: ①The initial support of the tunnel is shotcrete, and the surface of the shotcrete often has protrusions or the ends of the anchor rods are exposed. The waterproof board can be pierced; ② The primary support and secondary lining of the tunnel are often misaligned, which often leads to the tearing of the waterproof board between the primary support and the secondary lining. ③ Adjacent waterproof boards are connected by thermal fusion. The connection effect is affected by many factors such as the construction environment, construction level and management level. The welded parts often appear to be unreliable, and misalignment occurs during service, forming drainage channels. ④ When a fire breaks out in the tunnel, the waterproof sheet is easy to soften and fail. ⑤The service life of the waterproof board is about 60 years, and the operating life of the tunnel is 100 years. The waterproof board cannot meet the long-term service requirements of the tunnel. Based on the above background, the research and development of new tunnel waterproof and drainage technology has become an urgent technical problem to be solved.
发明内容Contents of the invention
发明目的：为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种隧道防排水系统及其建造方法。Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a tunnel waterproof and drainage system and its construction method.
技术方案：为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供的隧道防排水系统及其建造方法，包括位于隧道初期支护与二次衬砌之间的排水层、过渡层和防水层，横向排水管和中央排水管(或排水边沟)等。所述排水层包括透水喷射混凝土、纵向排水管、环向排水管和止水条，所述纵向排水管、环向排水管和止水条固定在初期支护外表面上，并对初期支护进行排水分区，所述透水混凝土喷射在各排水区域内，且透水混凝土的粗骨料为多孔轻骨料。Technical solution: In order to solve the above technical problems, the tunnel waterproof and drainage system and its construction method provided by the present invention include a drainage layer, a transition layer and a waterproof layer between the primary support of the tunnel and the secondary lining, horizontal drainage pipes and central drainage pipe (or gutter), etc. The drainage layer includes permeable shotcrete, longitudinal drainage pipes, circumferential drainage pipes and water-stop strips, and the longitudinal drainage pipes, circumferential drainage pipes and water-stop strips are fixed on the outer surface of the initial support, and the primary support Drainage partitions are carried out, the permeable concrete is sprayed in each drainage area, and the coarse aggregate of the permeable concrete is porous lightweight aggregate.
具体地，所述排水层内的环向排水管和止水条在隧道轴线方向等间隔布设，止水条的布设位置与二次衬砌施工缝对齐，环向排水管布设在相邻止水条的中间；环向排水管与止水条之间由纵向排水管连接，纵向排水管在环向排水管两侧呈″V″形布置，分别布设于隧道拱部、边墙和拱脚处；环向排水管与中央排水(或排水边沟)管通过横向排水管直接连接；纵向排水管和环向排水管均为排水半管。Specifically, the circumferential drainage pipes and water-stop strips in the drainage layer are arranged at equal intervals in the direction of the tunnel axis. The middle of the circular drainage pipe and the water stop strip are connected by longitudinal drainage pipes, and the longitudinal drainage pipes are arranged in a "V" shape on both sides of the circumferential drainage pipe, and are respectively arranged at the tunnel arch, side wall and arch foot; The circular drainage pipe is directly connected to the central drainage (or drainage side ditch) pipe through the horizontal drainage pipe; both the longitudinal drainage pipe and the circumferential drainage pipe are half drainage pipes.
具体地，所述的环向排水管内或两侧安装供热装置，所述供热装置可根据防冻需求实时更换。Specifically, a heat supply device is installed in or on both sides of the circular drain pipe, and the heat supply device can be replaced in real time according to antifreeze requirements.
具体地，所述过渡层是喷射在排水层上的粗细混合骨料混凝土。Specifically, the transition layer is coarse and fine mixed aggregate concrete sprayed on the drainage layer.
具体地，所述防水层是喷射在过渡层上的防渗混凝土。Specifically, the waterproof layer is anti-seepage concrete sprayed on the transition layer.
本发明同时提出上述的隧道防排水系统的建造方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention simultaneously proposes the construction method of the above-mentioned tunnel waterproof and drainage system, comprising the following steps:
步骤1，在隧道初期支护表面或围岩表面铺设环向排水管、纵向排水管和止水条，止水条与二次衬砌的施工缝对应，环向排水管则位于相邻止水条的中间。止水条与环向排水管由纵向排水管连接，纵向排水管在环向排水管两侧对称布置，呈V字型布置，且纵向排水管的坡度不低于2％。纵向排水管分别布设在隧道拱部、边墙和拱脚处，与止水条和环向排水管对隧道初期支护外表面进行排水分区；Step 1. Lay circular drainage pipes, longitudinal drainage pipes and waterstops on the surface of the primary support of the tunnel or surrounding rock surface. The waterstops correspond to the construction joints of the secondary lining, and the circumferential drainage pipes are located adjacent to the waterstops. in the middle. The water stop strip and the circumferential drainage pipe are connected by longitudinal drainage pipes, and the longitudinal drainage pipes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the circumferential drainage pipe in a V-shaped arrangement, and the slope of the longitudinal drainage pipes is not less than 2%. Longitudinal drainage pipes are respectively arranged at the tunnel arch, side wall and arch foot, and water-stop strips and circumferential drainage pipes are used to partition the outer surface of the initial support of the tunnel;
步骤2，连接环向排水管、横向排水管和中央排水管(或排水边沟)；Step 2, connect the circular drainage pipe, the horizontal drainage pipe and the central drainage pipe (or drainage gutter);
步骤3，在各排水分区内喷射透水混凝土，透水混凝土的厚度小于纵向排水半管的半径；Step 3, spraying permeable concrete in each drainage partition, the thickness of the permeable concrete is less than the radius of the longitudinal drainage half pipe;
步骤4，在排水层外表面喷射粗细混合骨料混凝土，作为过渡层；Step 4, spray coarse and fine mixed aggregate concrete on the outer surface of the drainage layer as a transition layer;
步骤5，在过渡层外表面喷射一定厚度的防渗混凝土，作为防水层；Step 5, spraying a certain thickness of anti-seepage concrete on the outer surface of the transition layer as a waterproof layer;
步骤6，将止水条与二次衬砌施工缝处的止水带密封粘贴，做好防水处理；Step 6, seal and paste the water-stop strip and the water-stop belt at the construction joint of the secondary lining, and do a good job of waterproofing;
步骤7，在防水层外浇注二衬混凝土。上述结构和建造方法的技术要点如下：Step 7, pouring the second lining concrete outside the waterproof layer. The technical points of above-mentioned structure and construction method are as follows:
①在隧道初期支护表面或围岩表面铺设止水条、环向排水管和纵向排水管，纵向排水管与止水条应密封连接，纵向排水管上半部分有排水孔，下半部分则无排水孔；纵向排水管在环向排水管两侧对称布置，呈V字型布置，且纵向排水管的坡度不低于2％。止水条和纵向排水管对初期支护表面进行排水分区，各排水分区应独立排水。① Lay water-stop strips, circumferential drainage pipes and longitudinal drainage pipes on the surface of the initial support of the tunnel or the surface of the surrounding rock. The longitudinal drainage pipes and water-stop strips should be sealed and connected. No drainage holes; the longitudinal drainage pipes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the circumferential drainage pipes in a V-shaped arrangement, and the slope of the longitudinal drainage pipes is not less than 2%. Waterstop strips and longitudinal drainage pipes shall carry out drainage partitions on the initial support surface, and each drainage partition shall drain water independently.
②连接环向排水管、横向排水管和中央排水管(或排水边沟)，为了确保防水效果，每板二次衬砌独立排水，环向排水管内的地下水通过横向排水管直排至中央排水管(或排水边沟)；② Connect the circular drainage pipe, horizontal drainage pipe and central drainage pipe (or drainage side ditch). In order to ensure the waterproof effect, the secondary lining of each slab is drained independently, and the groundwater in the circumferential drainage pipe is directly discharged to the central drainage pipe through the horizontal drainage pipe (or gutter);
③在各排水分区内喷射透水混凝土，透水混凝土的厚度小于纵向排水半管的半径；③Spray permeable concrete in each drainage partition, and the thickness of permeable concrete is less than the radius of the longitudinal drainage half pipe;
④在透水混凝土上方喷射粗细混合骨料混凝土，作为过渡层，施工过程中应控制喷射压力和骨料粒径，预防排水层中排水混凝土透水孔堵塞；④ Spray coarse and fine mixed aggregate concrete above the permeable concrete as a transition layer. During the construction process, the spray pressure and aggregate particle size should be controlled to prevent the blockage of the permeable holes of the drainage concrete in the drainage layer;
⑤在过渡层上方喷射一定厚度的防渗混凝土，作为防水层，防水层应全面覆盖包裹纵向排水管；⑤ Spray a certain thickness of anti-seepage concrete above the transition layer as a waterproof layer, and the waterproof layer should fully cover and wrap the longitudinal drainage pipe;
⑥将止水条与二次衬砌施工缝处的止水带密封粘贴，必须做好防水处理；⑥ Seal and paste the water-stop strip and the water-stop belt at the construction joint of the secondary lining, and waterproof treatment must be done;
⑦施工二次衬砌混凝土。⑦ Construction of secondary lining concrete.
发明原理：在隧道初期支护或围岩表面铺设环向排水管、纵向排水管和止水条，形成通畅的排水网络，利用纵向排水管和止水条对隧道初期支护表面进行排水分区，各排水分区内的地下水无水力联系。在排水分区内喷射透水混凝土，用于汇集各排水区域中的围岩裂隙水，并排放至环向排水管道内。排水网络与透水喷射混凝土形成立体的排水通道，环向排水管道内的地下水通过横向排水管直接排至中央排水管(或排水边沟)内。为了防止透水喷射混凝土被堵塞，在透水混凝土上方喷射粗细混合骨料混凝土，作为过渡层；在过渡层上方喷射防渗混凝土，作为防水层；利用排水通道、过渡层和防水层形成了隧道防排水系统，该系统利用不同混合料喷射混凝土的渗透差异性，并在喷射混凝土结构内安装排水管，从而形成隧道喷射混凝土结构自防排水系统，隧道喷射混凝土层即是承重构件，又是防排水结构。在寒冷地区，环向排水管内应安装加热装置，且透水混凝土的粗骨料选用多孔轻骨料，预防排水系统冻结。The principle of the invention: Lay circular drainage pipes, longitudinal drainage pipes and water stop strips on the surface of the initial support of the tunnel or the surrounding rock to form a smooth drainage network, and use the longitudinal drainage pipes and water stop strips to carry out drainage partitions on the surface of the initial support of the tunnel. The groundwater in each drainage zone has no hydraulic connection. Spray permeable concrete in the drainage partition to collect the surrounding rock fissure water in each drainage area and discharge it into the circular drainage pipe. The drainage network and the permeable shotcrete form a three-dimensional drainage channel, and the groundwater in the circular drainage pipe is directly discharged into the central drainage pipe (or drainage side ditch) through the horizontal drainage pipe. In order to prevent the permeable shotcrete from being blocked, the coarse and fine mixed aggregate concrete is sprayed above the permeable concrete as a transition layer; the anti-seepage concrete is sprayed above the transition layer as a waterproof layer; the drainage channel, transition layer and waterproof layer are used to form a tunnel waterproof and drainage The system uses the difference in penetration of shotcrete with different mixtures, and installs drainage pipes in the shotcrete structure to form a self-waterproof and drainage system for the shotcrete structure of the tunnel. The shotcrete layer of the tunnel is not only a load-bearing component, but also a waterproof and drainage structure . In cold regions, a heating device should be installed in the circumferential drainage pipe, and the coarse aggregate of the permeable concrete should be porous lightweight aggregate to prevent the drainage system from freezing.
有益效果：本发明利用排水管道、止水条和透水喷射混凝土实现隧道分区域排水，排水效果好，便于运营维护；环向排水管通过横向排水管直接连通中央排水管，确保每板二衬内的地下水直接排放至中央排水管(或排水边沟)内，每板二衬均为独立的排水单元，排水效果好，方便渗漏水源查找，方便运营维护；该系统利用不同混合料喷射混凝土的渗透差异性，形成透水喷射混凝土层和防渗喷射混凝土层，实现排水系统和隧道结构一体化，长期服役性能好，服役寿命与隧道衬砌结构相同；该排水系统为混凝土材料，隧道火灾不会影响其服役性能。在环向排水管内安装加热装置，可保证寒冷气候条件下排水系统通畅不冻结；利用多孔轻骨料作为粗骨料，可消除透水混凝土内的地下水冻结产生的冻胀力。Beneficial effects: the invention utilizes drainage pipes, water-stop strips and permeable shotcrete to realize drainage in different areas of the tunnel, which has a good drainage effect and is convenient for operation and maintenance; the circular drainage pipe is directly connected to the central drainage pipe through the horizontal drainage pipe, ensuring that each board has two linings. The groundwater is directly discharged into the central drainage pipe (or drainage side ditch), and the second lining of each plate is an independent drainage unit, which has a good drainage effect, is convenient for leak water source finding, and is convenient for operation and maintenance; the system uses sprayed concrete with different mixtures The difference in permeability forms a permeable shotcrete layer and an anti-seepage shotcrete layer to realize the integration of the drainage system and the tunnel structure. The long-term service performance is good, and the service life is the same as that of the tunnel lining structure; the drainage system is made of concrete, and the tunnel fire will not affect its service performance. Installing a heating device in the circular drainage pipe can ensure that the drainage system is smooth and does not freeze under cold weather conditions; using porous lightweight aggregate as the coarse aggregate can eliminate the frost heaving force caused by the freezing of groundwater in the permeable concrete.
除了上面所述的本发明解决的技术问题、构成技术方案的技术特征以及由这些技术方案的技术特征所带来的优点外，本发明的隧道防排水系统及其建造方法所能解决的其他技术问题、技术方案中包含的其他技术特征以及这些技术特征带来的优点，将结合附图做出进一步详细的说明。In addition to the above-mentioned technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical features constituting the technical solutions, and the advantages brought by the technical features of these technical solutions, other technologies that the tunnel waterproof and drainage system of the present invention and its construction method can solve The problems, other technical features contained in the technical solution and the advantages brought by these technical features will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例的图1隧道横断面图Fig. 1 is Fig. 1 tunnel cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the present invention
图2是图1中的排水层平面展开图Figure 2 is a plan view of the drainage layer in Figure 1
图中：1.初期支护；2.排水层；3.过渡层；4.防水层；5.二次衬砌；6.纵向排水管；7.横向排水管；8.中央排水管；9.环向排水管；10.止水条；11.透水喷射混凝土。In the figure: 1. Primary support; 2. Drainage layer; 3. Transition layer; 4. Waterproof layer; 5. Secondary lining; 6. Longitudinal drainage pipe; 7. Horizontal drainage pipe; 8. Central drainage pipe; 9. Circumferential drainage pipe; 10. Waterstop strip; 11. Permeable shotcrete.
具体实施方式detailed description
实施例：Example:
本实施例的隧道防排水系统如图1所示，包括隧道内依次设置的初期支护1、排水层2、过渡层3、防水层4和二次衬砌5，以及隧道底部的横向排水管7和中央排水管8。The tunnel waterproof and drainage system of this embodiment is shown in Figure 1, including primary support 1, drainage layer 2, transition layer 3, waterproof layer 4 and secondary lining 5 arranged in sequence in the tunnel, and horizontal drainage pipe 7 at the bottom of the tunnel and central drainpipe8.
如图2所示，排水层2内部含有纵向排水管6、环向排水管9、止水条10和透水喷射混凝土11。纵向排水管6与环向排水管9和止水条10相连，横向排水管7连接环向排水管9和中央排水管8。As shown in FIG. 2 , the interior of the drainage layer 2 includes a longitudinal drainage pipe 6 , a circumferential drainage pipe 9 , a water stop strip 10 and a permeable shotcrete 11 . The vertical drainage pipe 6 is connected to the circumferential drainage pipe 9 and the water stop strip 10 , and the horizontal drainage pipe 7 is connected to the circumferential drainage pipe 9 and the central drainage pipe 8 .
上述结构的施工实施步骤如下：The construction implementation steps of the above structure are as follows:
①清理隧道初期支护表面或围岩表面，铺设止水条10、环向排水管9和纵向排水管6。连接纵向排水管6、环向排水管9和止水条10；①Clean the initial support surface or surrounding rock surface of the tunnel, and lay waterstop strips 10, circumferential drainage pipes 9 and longitudinal drainage pipes 6. Connect the longitudinal drainage pipe 6, the circumferential drainage pipe 9 and the water stop strip 10;
②连接环向排水管9、横向排水管7和中央排水管8；② Connect the circular drainage pipe 9, the horizontal drainage pipe 7 and the central drainage pipe 8;
③在纵向排水管6和止水条10围成的排水区域内喷射透水混凝土11；③Spray permeable concrete 11 in the drainage area enclosed by the longitudinal drainage pipe 6 and the water stop strip 10;
④在排水层2外表面喷射粗细混合骨料混凝土，作为过渡层3；④ Spray coarse and fine mixed aggregate concrete on the outer surface of drainage layer 2 as transition layer 3;
⑤在过渡层3外表面喷射一定厚度的防渗混凝土，作为防水层4；⑤ Spray a certain thickness of anti-seepage concrete on the outer surface of the transition layer 3 as the waterproof layer 4;
⑥在防水层外浇注二次衬砌5混凝土。⑥Pour the secondary lining 5 concrete outside the waterproof layer.
以上结合附图对本发明的实施方式做出详细说明，但本发明不局限于所描述的实施方式。对本领域的普通技术人员而言，在本发明的原理和技术思想的范围内，对这些实施方式进行多种变化、修改、替换和变形仍落入本发明的保护范围内。The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, within the scope of the principles and technical ideas of the present invention, various changes, modifications, replacements and deformations to these embodiments still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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