CN106191933A - Method for processing parts based on supercritical fluid 3D electrodeposition - Google Patents
Method for processing parts based on supercritical fluid 3D electrodeposition Download PDFInfo
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- CN106191933A CN106191933A CN201610590545.1A CN201610590545A CN106191933A CN 106191933 A CN106191933 A CN 106191933A CN 201610590545 A CN201610590545 A CN 201610590545A CN 106191933 A CN106191933 A CN 106191933A
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- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005323 electroforming Methods 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
- -1 ether compound Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004141 Sodium laurylsulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001259 photo etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
- C25D1/003—3D structures, e.g. superposed patterned layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/12—Process control or regulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/003—Electroplating using gases, e.g. pressure influence
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/04—Electroplating with moving electrodes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for processing parts implemented by a supercritical fluid-based 3D electro-deposition processing device, which comprises a carbon dioxide gas cylinder, a high-pressure pump, a numerical control controller, a reactor, a movable anode assembly, a movable cathode assembly, a direct-current power supply and a cathode substrate serving as a processed part; a mechanical stirrer is arranged in the reactor; the movable anode assembly comprises a Z-direction linear motor, a driving screw rod, an anode connecting rod and a movable anode; the movable cathode assembly comprises linear motors in the X direction and the Y direction, a guide rail, a movable block and a clamp; when the device is used, the movable anode and the cathode base body are respectively electrically connected with the anode and the cathode of the direct current power supply. The processing method mainly comprises the steps of cathode matrix chemical plating treatment in advance, cathode matrix installation, supercritical fluid preparation, electrodeposition processing, post-treatment and the like. The invention can effectively improve the electrodeposition speed and the deposition quality, prepares complex and precise metal parts in a three-dimensional space by electrodeposition and widens the application field of the electrodeposition technology.
Description
The application is Application No. 201410762856.2, and filing date December in 2014 11 days, invention and created name is
The divisional application of the application for a patent for invention of " based on supercritical fluid 3D electro-deposition processing unit (plant) and method ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrochemical deposition processing technique field, be specifically related to a kind of three-dimensional based on supercritical fluid 3D() electricity
The device and method of deposition process part.
Background technology
A focus of research outside electro-deposition techniques is Present Domestic under supercritical environment.Supercritical fluid
(Supercritical Fluid) refers to, when pure material is in more than critical point (critical pressure and critical temperature), be showed
Out a kind of is between liquid with the fluid of gaseous state.In Near The Critical Point, the density of supercritical fluid, viscosity, dissolubility, thermal capacitance
There is phenomenon jumpy in the physical property of all fluids such as amount, dielectric constant.CO2Gas have environmental protection, do not fire, nontoxic, lazy
Property, deposit is abundant and critical pressure (7.39MPa) and temperature (31.1 DEG C) less advantages of higher, therefore supercritical CO2Fluid quilt
Extensively use.Due to supercritical CO2There is relatively low viscosity (0.03-0.1 MPa s) and higher diffusion coefficient (10- 4
cm2·s-1), good condition can be provided for mass transfer in electro-deposition system.Metal Substrate is prepared at present under supercritical fluid environment
Nano composite material finding existing with the process of micro-workpiece and device.If Authorization Notice No. is CN 101092716B
Chinese patent literature discloses a kind of supercritical fluid trickle electroforming technique and device thereof, and it is with SCF-CO2For plating ring
Border carries out the molding of micro-structure part, by the electrodeposition of metals surface depositing homogeneous of the method gained, without buildup, and cast layer group
Knit fine and closely woven smooth, but the part that gained cast layer part is photoetching in advance (interior mould) shape, it is impossible to flexibility prepares different types of 3D
Parts；And for example publication No. is that the Chinese patent literature of CN 102146573A proposes a kind of supercritical fluid electrotyping forming system
The method of standby nano composite material, it is mainly electro-deposition under mechanical agitation subsidiary conditions and prepares metal-based nano composite wood
Material, Electric Field Distribution is fixing, from the point of view of its parameter is arranged and anode and cathode is arranged, it is impossible to effectively carry out parts in three-dimensional
Space is processed preparation by electro-deposition.Thus, by three-dimensionally shaped and motor in the most popular 3D printing technique
Reason applies to supercritical electro-deposition and adds in technique, and design one can carry out electro-deposition processing preparation in three dimensions to parts
Device and processing method, it appears the most necessary.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: for the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that one can be effectively improved electrodeposition rate, improve and sink
Amass quality, prepare complicated, precision metallic parts at three dimensions by electro-deposition, and electro-deposition techniques application can be widened
Based on supercritical fluid 3D electro-deposition processing unit (plant) and the method that uses this device process component.
The technical scheme is that the method based on supercritical fluid 3D electro-deposition process component of the present invention, by
Based on supercritical fluid 3D electro-deposition processing unit (plant) implement, this device include dioxide bottle, high-pressure pump, CNC controller,
Reactor, DC source and the cathode base as processed parts；Above-mentioned reactor includes body and mechanical agitator；
Body is provided with air inlet, leakage fluid dram and heating coil；To reaction when above-mentioned dioxide bottle and high-pressure pump are used for using
Device provides carbon dioxide；It is characterized in that: also include mobile anode assemblies and swap cathode assembly；
Above-mentioned mobile anode assemblies includes Z-direction linear electric motors, drives leading screw, anode connecting rod and mobile anode；Z-direction straight-line electric
Machine is fixedly mounted on the top of the body of reactor；Leading screw is driven to be in transmission connection with Z-direction linear electric motors；Anode connecting rod and driving
Leading screw is fixing to be connected；Leading screw is driven to be built-in with the elastic conduction coil being insulated from；Mobile anode anode connecting rod is fixing to be connected；
Mobile anode passes through the positive pole of the anode connecting rod elastic conduction coil external direct current power supply built-in with driving leading screw；Mobile anode
The mobile anode of assembly by Z-direction linear electric motors by driving leading screw and the transmission of anode connecting rod, can be internal in the basis of reactor
Pump；
Above-mentioned swap cathode assembly include X to linear electric motors, X direction guiding rail, X to movable block, Y-direction linear electric motors, Y-direction guide rail, Y
To movable block and fixture；X is fixedly mounted on the body of reactor to linear electric motors；X direction guiding rail divides and is front and back provided with 2；Guide X
Rail is fixedly mounted on the intrinsic lower surface of reactor；X is arranged on X direction guiding rail and at X to linear electric motors to movable block
Driving under can rely on about X direction guiding rail to linear slide；
Y-direction linear electric motors are fixedly mounted on X on the upper surface of movable block；Y-direction guide rail divides left and right to be provided with 2；Y-direction guide rail is fixed
On the upper surface of movable block and Y-direction guide rail is vertically arranged with X direction guiding rail to be arranged on X；Coat on the upper surface of Y-direction movable block 66
There are insulation engineering plastics；Before Y-direction movable block is arranged on Y-direction guide rail and can rely on Y-direction guide rail under the driving of Y-direction linear electric motors
Backward linear slide；
The material of fixture is acidproof, high pressure resistant and the insulation engineering plastics of high rigidity；Fixture is arranged on the upper surface of Y-direction movable block
On, clamp cathode base when being used for using；During use, cathode base is connected with the negative electricity of DC source.
The X of swap cathode assembly is to the Z-direction linear electric motors of linear electric motors and Y-direction linear electric motors and mobile anode assemblies
Run by CNC controller control；
The above-mentioned material driving leading screw is rustless steel, inner hollow；Anode connecting rod be built-in copper framework and carry out outward insulation,
The body of rod part of engineering plastics acidproof, high voltage bearing；The above-mentioned leading screw that drives is connected with junction and the anode of anode connecting rod
Bar all seals with high-pressure seal ring with the junction of mobile anode；
Above-mentioned mobile anode includes matrix and electrode；The material of matrix is glass, and matrix is by upper cylinder body and lower cylinder
Portion's one composition, the diameter of the upper cylinder body of matrix is less than the diameter of lower cylinder body, the upper cylinder body of matrix and anode
Connecting rod is fixing to be connected；Electrode is arranged in matrix and is positioned on the axial line of matrix.
Use above-mentioned method based on supercritical fluid 3D electro-deposition processing unit (plant) process component, including following step
Rapid:
1. cathode base chemical plating in advance process: the plated surface last layer at the cathode base as processed parts be prone to into
The metal of row electro-deposition；
2. cathode base is installed: be fixed on the upper surface of Y-direction movable block by the fixture of swap cathode assembly by cathode base；
The upward and downward position of the mobile anode of regulation so that it is do not interference with swap cathode assembly；
3. prepare supercritical fluid: add in the reactor configured containing surface additive and the diploid of electro-deposition slow releasing agent
It it is electroplate liquid；After airtight, in reactor, it is passed through carbon dioxide, controls the temperature in reactor at 35～70 DEG C, pressure
In the range of 8～20MPa, form the ternary electro-deposition system with supercritical carbon dioxide emulsion as carrier；
4. electro-deposition processing: switch on power, sets electro-deposition parameter and the position of mobile anode opposing cathode matrix；In numerical control control
Carry out electro-deposition under the control of device processed and the stirring auxiliary of mechanical agitator and obtain required with the outer surface at cathode base
Deposition layer；CNC controller controls mobile anode and swap cathode assembly by the orbiting motion set；Mobile anode relative to
The maximum single direction stroke that moves up and down as the cathode base of cathode body is 5cm；The electro-deposition course of processing is by multiple processing districts
Between in series, each processing interval is divided into deposition interval and cutter lifting interval；Electrodeposition time is 2～5 hours, each crystallizing field
Between duration control as 30min, cutter lifting interval duration controls as 2min；In cutter lifting interval, swap cathode assembly is static；
During electro-deposition interval, the bottom of mobile anode controls as 1cm with the spacing of cathode base；
To horizontal intermittent stirring about mechanical agitator；The stir speed (S.S.) of mechanical agitator is 200～500rpm；DC source is defeated
The electric current density gone out is 1～13 A/dm2, preferably electric current density is 7A/dm2；
5. electro-deposition completion of processing post processing: after electro-deposition completion of processing, by post processing, i.e. obtains desired properties and shape
Parts.
Further scheme is: above-mentioned step 1. in, the uniform copper layer of about 10 μ m-thick on the plated surface of cathode base；On
The step stated 3. in, the binary system electroplate liquid containing surface additive and electro-deposition slow releasing agent is nickel salt solution or copper salt solution；
Surface additive is the additive being made up of dodecyl compounds and ether compound；Above-mentioned nickel salt or copper salt solution
Concentration is 300～500g/L；The concentration of surface additive is 0.1～2g/L；Electro-deposition slow releasing agent is concentration 30g/L～60g/L
Boric acid, bath pH values controls 2～6.
Further scheme is: a diameter of 5mm of the lower cylinder body of above-mentioned matrix；Under the lower cylinder body of matrix
End is provided with angle of inclination and controls in the inclined-plane upwards of 60 ° concane gap or be provided with the periphery of the bottom indent lower circle away from matrix
The arc concave shape breach of the outer peripheral face 1mm of trunk portion；Above-mentioned electrode is the insoluble Pt silk of diameter 1-2mm.
Further scheme also has: above-mentioned X is the square of the hollow of stainless steel to movable block and Y-direction movable block
Body part；And Y-direction movable block be smaller in size than the X size to movable block.
The present invention has positive effect: (1) is of the present invention based on supercritical fluid 3D electro-deposition processing unit (plant),
It can be effectively improved electrodeposition rate, improve deposition quality, prepared by electro-deposition complicated, smart at three dimensions in use
Close metallic element, and electro-deposition techniques application can be widened.(2) in the supercritical electro-deposition system of the present invention, metal from
The mass transfer performances of son is several ten times larger even hundreds of times than in conventional electrodeposition system.This high mass transfer rate can supplement rapidly
The metal ion of cathode surface, significantly reduces concentration polarization, it is possible to enter by the electric current density higher than conventional electrodeposition
Row electro-deposition, thus the problem overcoming the long processing time that tradition electro-deposition method exists.Supercritical fluid has pole simultaneously
Good compatibility, can effectively absorb the hydrogen that cathode surface produces, it is to avoid defect occur in deposition cell surface and inside.(3) originally
Invention can carry out 3D electro-deposition incessantly on non-smooth base part surface.(4) present invention can be according to being deposited zero
Part shape need, by digitized programming set mobile anode and the motion track of swap cathode assembly and processing interval time
Long, effectively control the accuracy of form and position and the sedimentary quality of deposition layer, it is not necessary to the negative electrode master mold that tradition electroforming is complicated.(5) originally
The electro-deposition of invention is moved the electrode of anode and is equivalent to a point, under the constraint of the glass basis of mobile anode, and diverse location
Time, the electric field intensity in corresponding region, cathode base surface and electric current density are all intimate equal, thus improve cathode base table
The Electric Field Distribution in face, improves deposition layer quality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation based on supercritical fluid 3D electro-deposition processing unit (plant) of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the planar structure schematic diagram of the swap cathode assembly in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is a kind of structural representation of the mobile anode in Fig. 1, and it is the section view of the axis upward and downward along mobile anode
Figure；
Fig. 4 is the another kind of structural representation of the mobile anode in Fig. 1, and it is the section view of the axis upward and downward along mobile anode
Figure.
Reference in above-mentioned accompanying drawing is as follows:
Dioxide bottle 1；
High-pressure pump 2；
CNC controller 3；
Reactor 4, body 41, air inlet 41-1, leakage fluid dram 41-2, heat coil 41-3, mechanical agitator 42；
Mobile anode assemblies 5, Z-direction linear electric motors 51, driving leading screw 52, anode connecting rod 53, mobile anode 54, matrix 54-1,
Electrode 54-2, concane gap 54-3 in inclined-plane, arc concave shape breach 54-4；
Swap cathode assembly 6, X is to linear electric motors 61, X direction guiding rail 62, and X is to movable block 63, Y-direction linear electric motors 64, Y-direction guide rail
65, Y-direction movable block 66, fixture 67；
Cathode base 7；
DC source 8.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further detailed explanation with detailed description of the invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
(embodiment 1)
The present embodiment when travel direction describes, with Fig. 1 left and right directions for X to, with Fig. 1 towards the back side in direction as Y-direction, to scheme
The upward and downward of 1 is Z-direction.
Seeing Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, the method based on supercritical fluid 3D electro-deposition process component of the present embodiment, by based on super
Critical fluids 3D electro-deposition processing unit (plant) is implemented, and this device is mainly by dioxide bottle 1, high-pressure pump 2, CNC controller 3, anti-
Device 4, mobile anode assemblies 5, swap cathode assembly 6, DC source 8 and cathode base 7 is answered to form.
Dioxide bottle 1 prepares the CO of supercritical fluid for storage2Gas；To anti-when high-pressure pump 2 is used for needing
Answer and device 4 is taken out pressure CO2Gas.
CNC controller 3 is the control controller of existing Numeric Control Technology, and digital control implement 3 adds man-hour for electro-deposition, controls to move
Dynamic anode assemblies 5 and swap cathode assembly 6 move according to track set in advance.
Reactor 4 is mainly made up of body 41 and mechanical agitator 42.Body 41 is provided with air inlet 41-1, leakage fluid dram
41-2 and heating coil 41-3.Air inlet 41-1 is for inputting CO by high-pressure pump 22Gas；Leakage fluid dram 41-2 will be for using
After supercritical fluid electroforming solution import in gas-liquid separator, carbon dioxide and the electroforming solution of separation return respectively
Receive in retracting device and recycle；Heating coil 41-3 temperature of supercritical fluid electroforming solution in controlling reactor 4.
Mechanical agitator 42 is arranged in body 41；Mechanical agitator 42 uses level to work to intermittent stirring mode, and stir speed (S.S.) is
200～500rpm, to improve the uniformity during electroforming and concordance.
Mobile anode assemblies 5 is mainly by Z-direction linear electric motors 51, driving leading screw 52, anode connecting rod 53 and mobile anode 54
Composition.
Z-direction linear electric motors 51 are fixedly mounted on the top of the body 41 of reactor 4；Drive leading screw 52 and Z-direction linear electric motors
51 are in transmission connection；Anode connecting rod 53 is fixing with driving leading screw 52 to be connected.The material driving leading screw 52 is rustless steel, in inside
Sky, drives leading screw 52 to be built-in with the elastic conduction coil being insulated from, for movement anode 54 is connected power supply.Anode connecting rod
53 for built-in copper framework and carry out outward insulation, the body of rod part of engineering plastics acidproof, high voltage bearing；Drive the elasticity that leading screw 52 is built-in
One end of conductive coil is electrically connected with mobile anode 54 by the built-in copper framework of anode connecting rod 53；Drive leading screw 52 built-in
The other end of elastic conduction coil be connected with the positive electrical of DC source 8.All junctions all carry out close with high-pressure seal ring
Envelope.
Seeing Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, mobile anode 54 is made up of matrix 54-1 and electrode 54-2.The material of matrix 54-1 is glass,
Matrix 54-1 is integrally made up of upper cylinder body and lower cylinder body, and the diameter of the upper cylinder body of matrix 54-1 is less than lower cylinder
The diameter of body, the upper cylinder body of matrix 54-1 is connected with anode connecting rod 53；The lower cylinder body of matrix 54-1 straight
Footpath is about 5mm；The lower cylinder body of matrix 54-1 has 2 kinds of structures, and a kind of is the lower end of lower cylinder body at matrix 54-1
It is provided with concane gap 54-3 in inclined-plane upwards；Angle of inclination controls at about 60 °；Another kind is provided with arc concave shape breach 54-
4, the circumference of bottom indent is away from insulating glass external boundary about 1mm.Electrode 54-2 is insoluble Pt silk, a diameter of 1-2mm, electricity
Pole 54-2 is arranged in matrix 54-1 and is positioned on the axial line of matrix 54-1.Concane gap 54-3 or arc concave shape in inclined-plane is set
The purpose of breach 54-4 is to contribute to the concentration of electric field line, can well control deposition region, to carry in electrodeposition process
High current efficiency and cast layer quality.
The mobile anode 54 of mobile anode assemblies 5 by Z-direction linear electric motors 51 by driving leading screw 52 and anode connecting rod 53
Transmission, can pump in the body 41 of reactor 4.
Still seeing Fig. 2, swap cathode assembly 6 is the most straight to movable block 63, Y-direction to linear electric motors 61, X direction guiding rail 62, X by X
Line motor 64, Y-direction guide rail 65, Y-direction movable block 66 and fixture 67 form.
X is fixedly mounted on the body 41 of reactor 4 to linear electric motors 61；It is provided with 2 before and after X direction guiding rail 62 points；Guide X
Rail 62 is fixedly mounted on the lower surface in the body 41 of reactor 4；X is square to the hollow that movable block 63 is stainless steel
Body part.X is arranged on X direction guiding rail 62 to movable block 63 and can rely on X direction guiding rail about 62 under the driving of linear electric motors 61 at X
To linear slide.
Y-direction linear electric motors 64 are fixedly mounted on X on the upper surface of movable block 63；About 65 points of Y-direction guide rail is provided with 2；Y
Direction guiding rail 65 is fixedly mounted on X, and on the upper surface of movable block 63 and Y-direction guide rail 65 is vertically arranged with X direction guiding rail 62；But do not exist
In same plane.Y-direction movable block 66 be smaller in size than X to movable block 63；Y-direction movable block 66 is the side of the hollow of stainless steel
Body part；One layer of acidproof, high pressure resistant and insulation engineering plastics of high rigidity it are coated with on the upper surface of Y-direction movable block 66.Y-direction is moved
Motion block 66 is sliding to straight line before and after being arranged on Y-direction guide rail 65 and can relying on Y-direction guide rail 65 under the driving of Y-direction linear electric motors 64
Dynamic.
The material of fixture 67 is acidproof, high pressure resistant and the insulation engineering plastics of high rigidity.Fixture 67 is arranged on Y-direction movable block
On the upper surface of 66.Fixture 67 clamps the cathode base 7 as part to be processed in time using.During work, cathode base 7 with
The negative electricity of DC source 8 connects.
All gap locations of swap cathode assembly 6 all seal with high-pressure seal ring.
The X of swap cathode assembly 6 is to linear electric motors 61 and Y-direction linear electric motors 64 and the Z-direction straight line of mobile anode assemblies 5
The operation of motor 51 is controlled by CNC controller 3.
The present embodiment based on supercritical fluid 3D electro-deposition processing unit (plant), it adds for accurate, complex three-dimensional parts
The processing method of work, illustrates as a example by Ni-based electroplate liquid and stainless steel cathode matrix 7, and its processing method mainly includes following
Step:
1. cathode base 7 chemical plating in advance processes: the plated surface last layer at cathode base 7 is prone to carry out the metal of electro-deposition,
This metal may select fine copper or pure nickel, in the present embodiment, it is preferred to use on the plated surface of cathode base 7, about 10 μ m-thick is uniform
Layers of copper；
2. cathode base is installed: cathode base 7 is fixed on the upper of Y-direction movable block 66 by the fixture 67 of swap cathode assembly 6
On end face；The upward and downward position of the mobile anode 54 of regulation so that it is do not interference with swap cathode assembly 6.
3. supercritical fluid is prepared: add in the reactor 4 and stir under nickel salt solution, boric acid and additive, ultrasound environments
Mix 60 minutes so that it is be sufficiently mixed；Boric acid, as electro-deposition slow releasing agent, is optionally added, the concentration of boric acid be 30g/L～
60g/L.Nickel salt solution is the solution of sulfur acid nickel and Nickel dichloride.；Wherein nickel sulfate consumption is 300～400g/L, Nickel dichloride. consumption
It is 30～50g/L；Additive is made up of dodecyl compounds and ether compound, wherein dodecyl compounds consumption
Being 0.1～2g/L, ether compound consumption is 0.1～1g/L.In the present embodiment, additive preferably employs sodium lauryl sulphate
With Polyethylene Glycol trimethyl nonyl ethers.The concentration of each material is preferably: nickel sulfate 300g/L, Nickel dichloride. 35g/L, boric acid 40g/L,
Sodium lauryl sulphate 0.2g/L, Polyethylene Glycol trimethyl nonyl ethers 0.8g/L.
Start high-pressure pump 2, carbon dioxide is passed through from dioxide bottle 1 air inlet of the body 41 of reactor 4
41-1 takes out in the body 41 being pressed onto reactor 4；Control pressure is 8 ~ 20MPa；Make alternating current by heating coil 41-3 simultaneously
Heat under the effect of electromagnetic induction, by the control to the size of the current intensity of alternating current, temperature is controlled
35～70 DEG C, in the present embodiment preferably 50 DEG C, under above-mentioned pressure and temperature, it is stirred by mechanical agitator 42 and is formed
Supercritical fluid ternary electro-deposition system.
In the present embodiment, carbon dioxide pressure in the body 41 of airtight reactor 4 is 13MPa；Machinery stirs
The stir speed (S.S.) mixing device 42 is 200～500rpm；Preferably employing mechanical agitation speed in the present embodiment is 400rmp.Mechanical agitation
Device 42 works to horizontal intermittent stirring mode about using.
4. electro-deposition processing: switch on power, under CNC controller 3 adopts the control of existing Numeric Control Technology, mobile anode
54 and swap cathode assembly 6 by predetermined orbiting motion；Upper relative to the cathode base 7 as cathode body of mobile anode 54
Lower mobile maximum single direction stroke is 5cm；Use timing electro-deposition mode to control cathode and anode to move；The electro-deposition course of processing is by many
Individual processing interval is in series, and each processing interval is divided into deposition interval and cutter lifting is interval；Move anode 54 and negative electrode base simultaneously
Body 7 discharges, and forms the electric field of relative constancy；Nickel ion in solution deposits to the surface of cathode base 7 under electric field action；Electricity
Sedimentation time is 2～5 hours, and the interval duration of deposition is about 30min, and cutter lifting interval is 2min；In cutter lifting interval, swap cathode
Assembly 6 is static.In the present embodiment, preferred electrodeposition time is 3 hours, deposition process interval 28min, cutter lifting interval duration 2min.
The electric current density of DC source 8 output is 1～13 A/dm2；Preferably employing electric current density in the present embodiment is 7A/
dm2。
5. electro-deposition completion of processing post processing: after electro-deposition completion of processing, by the leakage fluid dram on the body 41 of reactor 4
Supercritical fluid electroforming solution is imported in gas-liquid separator by 41-2, and carbon dioxide and the electroforming solution of separation are separately recovered
Recycle in retracting device.
6. cathode base post processing: taken out from reactor 4 by cathode base 7, is air-dried by washing and is done by pickling
Only, the dense structure, the crystal grain that i.e. obtain combining closely with the rustless steel of cathode base 7 are tiny, surfacing, excellent performance and shape
The preferable precision metal of shape, fine parts.
Above example is the explanation of the detailed description of the invention to the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention, relevant technology
The technical staff in field is without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, it is also possible to makes various conversion and change and obtains
To the technical scheme of corresponding equivalent, the technical scheme of the most all equivalents all should be included into the patent protection model of the present invention
Enclose.
Claims (1)
1. a method based on supercritical fluid 3D electro-deposition process component, it is characterised in that: by based on supercritical fluid
3D electro-deposition processing unit (plant) is implemented, and described supercritical fluid 3D electro-deposition processing unit (plant) includes dioxide bottle (1), high pressure
Pump (2), CNC controller (3), reactor (4), mobile anode assemblies (5), swap cathode assembly (6), DC source (8) and work
Cathode base (7) for processed parts；Described reactor (4) includes body (41) and mechanical agitator (42)；Body
(41) air inlet (41-1), leakage fluid dram (41-2) and heating coil (41-3) it are provided with；Described dioxide bottle (1) and height
Carbon dioxide is provided to reactor (4) when press pump (2) is used for using；Described mobile anode assemblies (5) includes Z-direction straight line
Motor (51), driving leading screw (52), anode connecting rod (53) and mobile anode (54)；Z-direction linear electric motors (51) are fixedly mounted on
The top of the body (41) of reactor (4)；Leading screw (52) is driven to be in transmission connection with Z-direction linear electric motors (51)；Anode connecting rod
(53) with drive that leading screw (52) is fixing to be connected；Leading screw (52) is driven to be built-in with the elastic conduction coil being insulated from；Mobile anode
(54) fixing with anode connecting rod (53) it is connected；Mobile anode (54) is by anode connecting rod (53) and drives leading screw (52) built-in
The positive pole of elastic conduction coil external direct current power supply (8)；The mobile anode (54) of mobile anode assemblies (5) is by Z-direction straight-line electric
Machine (51), can be the most past in the body (41) of reactor (4) by driving leading screw (52) and the transmission of anode connecting rod (53)
Multiple motion；
Described swap cathode assembly (6) includes that X is straight to movable block (63), Y-direction to linear electric motors (61), X direction guiding rail (62), X
Line motor (64), Y-direction guide rail (65), Y-direction movable block (66) and fixture (67)；X is fixedly mounted on reaction to linear electric motors (61)
On the body (41) of device (4)；X direction guiding rail (62) point is front and back provided with 2；X direction guiding rail (62) is fixedly mounted on the basis of reactor (4)
On lower surface in body (41)；X is arranged on X direction guiding rail (62) and in the X driving to linear electric motors (61) to movable block (63)
Under can rely on X direction guiding rail (62) left and right to linear slide；
Y-direction linear electric motors (64) are fixedly mounted on X on the upper surface of movable block (63)；Y-direction guide rail (65) point left and right is provided with 2
Root；Y-direction guide rail (65) is fixedly mounted on X, and on the upper surface of movable block (63) and Y-direction guide rail (65) is vertical with X direction guiding rail (62)
Arrange；Insulation engineering plastics it are coated with on the upper surface of Y-direction movable block 66；Y-direction movable block (66) is arranged on Y-direction guide rail (65)
And Y-direction guide rail (65) can be relied under the driving of Y-direction linear electric motors (64) front and back to linear slide；
The material of fixture (67) is acidproof, high pressure resistant and the insulation engineering plastics of high rigidity；Fixture (67) is arranged on Y-direction movable block
(66), on upper surface, cathode base (7) when being used for using, is clamped；During use, cathode base (7) is negative with DC source (8)
Pole electrically connects；
The X of swap cathode assembly (6) is to linear electric motors (61) and Y-direction linear electric motors (64) and the Z-direction of mobile anode assemblies (5)
The operation of linear electric motors (51) is controlled by CNC controller (3)；
The material of described driving leading screw (52) is rustless steel, inner hollow；Anode connecting rod (53) be built-in copper framework and
Outer shoe insulation, the body of rod part of engineering plastics acidproof, high voltage bearing；Described driving leading screw (52) and the company of anode connecting rod (53)
The place of connecing and anode connecting rod (53) all seal with high-pressure seal ring with the junction moving anode (54)；
Described mobile anode (54) includes matrix (54-1) and electrode (54-2)；The material of matrix (54-1) is glass, matrix
(54-1) being integrally made up of upper cylinder body and lower cylinder body, the diameter of the upper cylinder body of matrix (54-1) is less than lower cylinder
The diameter of body, the upper cylinder body of matrix (54-1) is fixing with anode connecting rod (53) to be connected；Electrode (54-2) is arranged on base
Body (54-1) is interior and is positioned on the axial line of matrix (54-1)；
The method of process component, comprises the following steps:
1. cathode base chemical plating in advance processes: easy at the plated surface last layer of the cathode base (7) as processed parts
In the metal carrying out electro-deposition；
2. cathode base is installed: cathode base (7) is fixed on Y-direction movable block by the fixture (67) of swap cathode assembly (6)
(66) on upper surface；The upward and downward position of the mobile anode (54) of regulation so that it is do not interference with swap cathode assembly (6)；
3. prepare supercritical fluid: add in reactor (4) configured containing surface additive and the two of electro-deposition slow releasing agent
Unit's system plating solution；After airtight, in reactor (4), be passed through carbon dioxide, control temperature in reactor (4) 35～
70 DEG C, pressure in the range of 8～20MPa, form ternary electro-deposition system with supercritical carbon dioxide emulsion as carrier；
4. electro-deposition processing: switch on power, sets electro-deposition parameter and the position of mobile anode (54) opposing cathode matrix (7)；
Electro-deposition is carried out with in cathode base (7) under the control of CNC controller (3) and the stirring auxiliary of mechanical agitator (42)
Outer surface obtain required deposition layer；CNC controller (3) controls mobile anode (54) and swap cathode assembly (6) by setting
Fixed orbiting motion；Mobile anode (54) moves up and down maximum unidirectional row relative to the cathode base (7) as cathode body
Journey is 5cm；The electro-deposition course of processing is in series by multiple processing intervals, and each processing interval is divided into deposition interval and cutter lifting district
Between；Electrodeposition time is 2～5 hours, and the interval duration of each deposition controls to be 30min, and cutter lifting interval duration controls as 2min；Lift
In cutter interval, swap cathode assembly (6) is static；
During described electro-deposition interval, the bottom of mobile anode (54) controls as 1cm with the spacing of cathode base (7)；
Mechanical agitator (42) left and right is to horizontal intermittent stirring；The stir speed (S.S.) of mechanical agitator (42) is 200～500rpm；Directly
The electric current density that stream power supply (8) exports is 1～13 A/dm2；
5. electro-deposition completion of processing post processing: after electro-deposition completion of processing, by post processing, i.e. obtains desired properties and shape
Parts.
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| CN201610590545.1A CN106191933B (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2014-12-11 | Method for processing parts based on supercritical fluid 3D electrodeposition |
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| CN201610592720.0A Active CN106222707B (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2014-12-11 | 3D electro-deposition processing device based on supercritical fluid |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN106191933B (en) | 2017-11-21 |
| CN106086961A (en) | 2016-11-09 |
| CN104480505B (en) | 2016-11-02 |
| CN104480505A (en) | 2015-04-01 |
| CN106222707B (en) | 2018-02-06 |
| CN106222707A (en) | 2016-12-14 |
| CN106086961B (en) | 2017-11-21 |
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