CN106191654B - 一种经济型耐磨耐蚀铁制容器及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种经济型耐磨耐蚀铁制容器及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical group O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002320 enamel (paints) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- -1 nitrogen containing compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/60—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using alkaline aqueous solutions with pH greater than 8
- C23C22/62—Treatment of iron or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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Abstract
一种经济型耐磨耐蚀铁制容器,其由低碳钢板基体、低碳钢板基体上的渗氮层、渗氮层上的氧化层组成。制备步骤:先将低碳钢板基体加工成所需容器形状的工件;打磨并清理干净;渗氮处理;通入NH3气并加热,形成一层成分主要为Fe与N的化合物层;自然冷却至200℃以下并取出工件;对工件氧化处理;取出并进行清洗干净后干燥。本发明具有良好的耐腐蚀、耐磨损性能,大大提高了容器的使用寿命,而成本低于不锈钢材质的容器;使用温度更高,不含对人体有害物质,可使用于厨具、食品储罐等方面;还通过添加对渗氮有利的合金元素,结合促进渗氮的工艺方法,降低了渗氮处理时间,同时钢板碳含量及杂质含量低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种容器用钢及其制备方法,具体地属于一种耐磨耐蚀铁制容器及制备方法。
背景技术
铁制容器价格低,可与食品直接接触,广泛应用于工业及日常生活中,如储罐、锅等,但铁制容器最大问题在于容易锈蚀及磨损。通过铁制容器在表面涂层、镀层或搪瓷等方法可有效解决腐蚀或磨损问题,但有机涂层不耐高温,还存在有毒物质释放危害,镀层方法生产成本较高,而搪瓷制品由于瓷层厚,重量大,导致容器增重明显,不方便使用。
目前,渗氮是一种成本较低同时能解决耐蚀耐磨问题的方法,已在轴承、弹簧等制品的表面处理中取得良好效果,但目前的专利主要针对渗氮合金钢,普通低碳钢板如DC01渗氮后还会出现渗氮层脆性、疏松、表面缺陷等问题,严重影响了铁制容器的耐蚀性和耐磨性,而选用特定的渗氮合金钢又会导致成本的上升,中国专利CN200510024801.2是通过在渗氮后涂覆有机涂层的方法解决以上问题,但显著增加了成本,同时有机涂层的使用温度不宜过高,因此需要进一步选用合适的钢板或优化的工艺,才能开发一种适用性广、低成本、耐磨耐腐的铁制容器。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有铁制容器容易锈蚀和磨损问题,提供一种具有优良耐蚀和耐磨性且生产成本低的经济型耐磨耐蚀铁制容器及制备方法。
实现上述目的的措施:
一种经济型耐磨耐蚀铁制容器,其特征在于,铁制容器由低碳钢板基体、低碳钢板基体上的渗氮层、渗氮层上的氧化层组成;
所述低碳钢板基体组分及重量百分比含量为:0.010~0.020%、Mn 0.10~0.50%、Si≤0.030%、P≤0.02%、S≤0.01%、Als 0.02~0.06%,N ≤0.0035%, Mo 0.20~0.50%以及Ti0.01~0.05%、Nb 0.01~0.05%和V 0.01~0.05%中的一种及两种以上元素,余量为Fe和其他不可避免的杂质;
所述渗氮层的成分主要为Fe与N的化合物,其余为不可避免的杂质;
所述氧化层的主要成分为Fe3O4,其余为不可避免的杂质。
制备一种经济型耐磨耐蚀铁制容器的方法,其在于:其步骤:
1)先将低碳钢板基体加工成所需容器形状的工件;
2)将工件内外面进行打磨并清理干净;
3)对工件进行渗氮处理:在渗氮容器中加入NH4Cl及硅砂,并搅拌均匀;其中:NH4Cl按照0.01~0.03Kg/吨钢板加入,硅砂按照2~6Kg/吨钢板加入,NH4Cl与硅砂比例为1:200;将工件置入气体渗氮炉中;
4)通入NH3气并加热,加热温度为550~650℃,在此温度下保温1~3个小时,并使NH3的分解率在30~40%;形成一层成分主要为Fe与N的化合物层;
5)停止加热及通入NH3气后,采用自然冷却方式将工件冷却至200℃以下并取出工件;
6)对工件进行表面氧化处理:将工件浸没在温度为135~145℃的氧化溶液中,并浸泡20~50min;
7)将工件取出并进行清洗干净,后在温度为100~200℃下进行干燥,干燥时间不少于5min。
其在于:所述氧化溶液的原料组成及重量百分比含量为:NaOH:30~35%,NaNO2:5~10%,NaNO3:2~5%,其余为水。
本发明中低碳钢板基体各元素及主要工艺的作用及机理
C:碳是良好的固溶强化元素,但对钢板的成形性不利,将碳含量控制在0.010%以上即可以保证钢板的强度,低于0.020%可避免成形性能的降低,同时严格控制碳含量范围可降低钢板性能的波动,有利于钢板的冲压加工。
Si,硅是搪瓷钢中的有害元素,Si含量增加会显著增加夹杂物,损害表面质量,Si含量越低越好,因此选择将Si含量控制在0.030%以下。
Mn,锰作为固溶强化元素,同时可改善成形性,选择Mn含量在0.10%以上,含量过高时钢板塑性显著降低,不利于加工使用,同时成本较高,因此Mn含量不应超过0.50%。
Als,铝是强脱氧剂,能够抑制其他氧化物的生成,采用Al脱氧可以有效降低钢液中氧含量,防止气孔缺陷,同时降低钢中夹杂物水平。Al对N具有极大的亲和力,能起到氮化硬化作用,但含量过高容易使钢材塑性恶化,形成氧化铝夹杂,使连铸生产时水口堵塞,不利于连续生产。
P,磷为杂质元素,需要尽量减少其含量。
S,硫容易与Mn结合形成MnS夹杂,同时容易与其他夹杂物形成大尺寸的复合夹杂物,对渗氮不利。
N,氮含量过高对钢板成形性不利,将N含量控制在0.0035%以下可有效避免塑性的恶化。
Mo,钼是对渗氮硬化有利的元素,可以起到显著提高氮化层硬度的作用,同时能增强钢板的红硬性,降低回火脆性,对钢板成形及使用有利,含量过低时效果不明显,选择下限为0.20%,但含量过高会增加冶炼成本,因此选择上限为0.50%。
Ti、Nb及V是强氮化物形成元素,具有促进渗氮作用,同时在轧钢和热处理过程中还能细化晶粒和析出强化,提高钢板强度。当选添加一种元素至一定量时,即可起到这种作用;当选择添加两种或三种元素且配比得当时,效果则更显著。
渗氮处理可以在工件表面形成一定厚度的含氮化合物层,显著增加工件表面硬度,提高铁制容器的耐蚀性和耐磨性。在气体渗氮炉中加入NH4Cl及硅砂,NH4Cl加热分解产生的HCl,可以溶解钢板表面氧化膜,有利于加速氮原子向钢板扩散,起到催渗作用,形成更好的渗氮层结构;按比例加入适量硅砂,可降低NH4Cl挥发速度,避免过量腐蚀导致的表面缺陷。
渗氮温度和时间直接关系到渗氮深度、性能及生产效率。温度过高,渗氮速度加快,表层氮含量增高,容易导致表层脆性增加,恶化渗氮层质量,因此选择加热温度低于650℃;而温度过低则显著降低氮扩散速度,渗氮深度不够,导致硬度偏低,同时会大大增加渗氮时间,降低生产效率,因此选择加热温度高于550℃;在550~650℃渗氮温度下保温1~3个小时,可以保证获得适当厚度的渗氮层。
对渗氮后工件进行表面氧化处理,可以在工件表面形成一层致密的氧化层,填补了渗氮层疏松的孔隙,进一步提高了工件的耐腐蚀性,还能避免渗氮层脆性物质的磨损脱落,改善耐磨性能。氧化处理在碱性溶液中进行,溶液温度过低氧化反应进行缓慢,温度过高则表层过氧化阻碍氧化反应向钢板深层扩展,都不利于形成合适的氧化层,因此选择将氧化温度严格控制在135~145℃范围内,为获得一定厚度的氧化层,选择氧化处理时间为20~50min。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有良好的耐腐蚀、耐磨损性能,大大提高了容器的使用寿命,而成本低于不锈钢材质的容器;与现有的渗氮处理制品相比,本发明铁制容器的最表层形成了均匀致密的氧化膜层,弥补了渗氮处理后多孔疏松的渗氮层结构缺陷,耐腐蚀性能更好;与表面涂覆有机涂层的铁制容器相比,本发明抗刮伤、耐磨损性能更好,使用温度更高,不含对人体有害物质,可使用于厨具、食品储罐等方面;还通过添加对渗氮有利的合金元素,结合促进渗氮的工艺方法,降低了渗氮处理时间,同时钢板碳含量及杂质含量低,钢质纯净,组织细化,加工性能好,不会产生渗氮气泡等表面缺陷,提高了产品的合格率。
附图说明
附图1为本发明制造的铁制容器的截面结构示意图;
图中:1—氧化层,2—渗氮层,3—铁基体。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明予以详细描述:
表1为本发明实施化学成分取值列表;
表2为本发明各实施例及对比例主要工艺取值列表;
表3为本发明各实施例及对比例性能检测结果列表。
本发明各实施例均按照以下步骤生产:
1)先将低碳钢板基体加工成所需容器形状的工件;
2)将工件内外面进行打磨并清理干净;
3)对工件进行渗氮处理:在渗氮容器中加入NH4Cl及硅砂,并搅拌均匀;其中:NH4Cl按照0.01~0.03Kg/吨钢板加入,硅砂按照2~6Kg/吨钢板加入,NH4Cl与硅砂比例为1:200;将工件置入气体渗氮炉中;
4)通入NH3气并加热,加热温度为550~650℃,在此温度下保温1~3个小时,并使NH3的分解率在30~40%;形成一层成分主要为Fe与N的化合物层;
5)停止加热及通入NH3气后,采用自然冷却方式将工件冷却至200℃以下并取出工件;
6)对工件进行表面氧化处理:将工件浸没在温度为135~145℃的氧化溶液中,并浸泡20~50min;
7)将工件取出并进行清洗干净,后在温度为100~200℃下进行干燥,干燥时间不少于5min。
表1 本发明实施例中钢板的化学成分(wt.%)
C | Mn | Si | P | S | Als | N | No | Ti | Nb | V |
0.015 | 0.28 | 0.015 | 0.011 | 0.009 | 0.038 | 0.0021 | 0.26 | 0.015 | 0.035 | 0.037 |
表2 本发明各实施例及对比例主要工艺取值列表
需要说明的是:表2是在表1成分所生产的低碳钢板基体上进行的试验。
表3 本发明各实施例及对比例性能检测结果列表
说明:耐腐蚀性能按盐雾试验结果评级,将工件用5%的NaCl溶液做盐雾试验,记录产生红锈的时间,时间小于24小时为不合格,时间在24~72小时之间为合格,时间超过72小时为优;耐磨性能;耐磨性能按磨损试验结果评级,取工件上直径15mm大小的圆片试样,在显示摩擦磨损试验机上进行时间为30min的磨损试验,记录磨损量,磨损量越低代表耐磨性越好。
从表3可以看出,本发明制得的铁制容器表面硬度高,硬度值均达到500HV以上,盐雾时间超过72小时,磨损量均低于10mg,说明具有优异的耐腐蚀性和耐磨损性能,而对比例由于渗氮或氧化工艺超出限定范围,所制得的产品存在盐雾试验不合格问题,同时表面硬度低,磨损量大,说明其耐蚀性和耐磨性较差。同时,本发明所采用的钢板仅添加少量合金元素,氧化处理的溶液成分简单,因此,本发明铁制容器的生产成本低。
本具体实施方式仅为最佳例举,并非对本发明技术方案的限制性实施。
Claims (3)
1.一种经济型耐磨耐蚀铁制容器,其特征在于,铁制容器由低碳钢板基体、低碳钢板基体上的渗氮层、渗氮层上的氧化层组成;
所述低碳钢板基体组分及重量百分比含量为:C 0.015~0.020%、Mn 0.10~0.28%、Si ≤0.015%、P≤0.02%、S≤0.01%、Als 0.038~0.06%,N ≤0.0035%,Mo .20~0.50%以及Ti 0.01~0.05%、Nb 0.01~0.05%和V 0.037~0.05%中的一种及两种以上元素,余量为Fe和其他不可避免的杂质;
所述渗氮层的成分主要为Fe与N的化合物,其余为不可避免的杂质;
所述氧化层的主要成分为Fe3O4,其余为不可避免的杂质。
2.制备如权利要求1所述的一种经济型耐磨耐蚀铁制容器的方法,其特征在于:其步骤:
1)先将低碳钢板基体加工成所需容器形状的工件;
2)将工件内外面进行打磨并清理干净;
3)对工件进行渗氮处理:在渗氮容器中加入NH4Cl及硅砂,并搅拌均匀;其中:NH4Cl按照0.01~0.03kg/吨钢板加入,硅砂按照2~6kg/吨钢板加入,NH4Cl与硅砂比例为1:200;将工件置入气体渗氮炉中;
4)通入NH3气并加热,加热温度为610~650℃,在此温度下保温1~3个小时,并使NH3的分解率在30~40%;形成一层成分主要为Fe与N的化合物层;
5)停止加热及通入NH3气后,采用自然冷却方式将工件冷却至200℃以下并取出工件;
6)对工件进行表面氧化处理:将工件浸没在温度为142~145℃的氧化溶液中,并浸泡20~50min;
7)将工件取出并进行清洗干净,后在温度为100~200℃下进行干燥,干燥时间不少于5min。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种经济型耐磨耐蚀铁制容器的方法,其特征在于:所述氧化溶液的原料组成及重量百分比含量为:NaOH:30~35%,NaNO2:5~10%,NaNO3:2~5%,其余为水。
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