CN106174498A - 一种雄蜂蛹冻干粉的加工方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种雄蜂蛹冻干粉的加工方法，包括原料保鲜处理、清洗，切碎、快速冷冻、真空升华干燥工序。本发明方法在冷冻前采用保鲜处理，大大降低了雄蜂蛹在加工时的变质风险，本发明方法制得的雄蜂蛹冻干粉，活性成分含量高，营养保留的更充分，提高了冻干粉的保质期。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蜂产品加工领域，具体涉及一种雄蜂蛹冻干粉的加工方法。
背景技术
我国是农业大国，蜂业是我国的传统特色产业，集经济、社会和生态效益于一体，是现代农业的重要组成部分，是国家优先扶持发展的六大主导农业产业之一，是农业发展的主攻方向。
雄蜂蛹是指蜜蜂雄性幼虫封盖后到羽化出房前这一变态时期的营养体，营养成分丰富，含蛋白质20.3%，碳水化合物20.0%，水分9.0%，灰分9.0%，脂肪7.5%，微量元素0.5%及其他营养成分。其中矿物质中含有：镁1045，磷710毫克/千克，钙500毫克/千克，锌105.0毫克/千克，铁83.2毫克/千克，还有钾、钠、铅、锰等元素。每千克鲜雄蜂蛹中维生素A的含量与鱼肝油相当，维生素D的含量是鱼肝油的10倍。雄蜂蛹中含有17种人体必需的氨基酸，还含有多种生物活性酶和激素物质。雄蜂蛹是高蛋白、多维生素、低脂肪、低糖的高级营养保健品，具有健脑益智、降低胆固醇、降血糖、增强机体免疫力、抗衰老、养颜美容等功效。 在我国由于大部分养蜂者不懂得雄蜂蛹生产加工技术，绝大部分雄蜂幼虫蛹没能充分利用，除极少数有幸留巢与蜂王交配繁殖后代外，均被养蜂人当作废物弃之，这是养蜂业上的一大浪费。
随着人们生活水平的提高，人们对雄蜂蛹认识的加强，雄蜂蛹销量逐渐上升。但是由于对雄蜂蛹生产加工技术的缺乏，养蜂者生产雄蜂蛹的积极性不高，导致雄蜂蛹的产量低，我国每年生产雄蜂蛹只有5-6吨，远远满足不了市场需求，因此市场潜力巨大。蜂王产下的来受精卵发育到蛹期取出来的称雄蜂蛹它具有高蛋白，低脂肪的特点，是珍贵的天然滋补营养品。生产商品雄蜂蛹是养蜂业近几年来新兴崛起的又一新产品，其市场潜力相当大，很有开发价值，给养蜂者可以带来可观的经济效益。合理利用开发蜂蛹资源是今后养蜂者必须面临的课题。
发明内容
本发明日提供了一种雄蜂蛹冻干粉的加工方法。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种雄蜂蛹冻干粉的加工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1） 将收集来的新鲜雄蜂蛹，先放入复合保鲜液中浸泡处理1-1.5小时，取出清水冲洗1次，再放入复合保鲜剂中浸泡10-20分钟，取出，清水冲洗1次，再放入保鲜剂中浸泡5-10分钟，取出，清水冲洗3次；将保鲜处理清洗后的雄蜂蛹，用切菜机切为 1 公分长短，铺入干燥盘；然后，将切好的雄蜂蛹碎，在采用风冷式冷冻机的速冻隧道内进行快速冷冻，使物料中心温度在25分钟内降至-5℃以下，当物料中心温度降至-25~-30℃时，速冻结束，整个速冻过程约需要 2-2.5小时；
（2）将预处理后的雄蜂蛹碎，经真空升华干燥设备干燥脱水，设定温度曲线控制物料的温度为45~55℃，干燥脱水时间9-11小时，干燥脱水后物料水分应低于 3% ；
（3） 低温真空脱水后的雄蜂蛹碎，采用液氮深冷粉碎机进行粉碎处理，经步骤（2）脱水后的雄蜂蛹粉碎最佳脆点为 -35~-140℃，粉末的粒度范围为400~1000目 ；
（4）包装过程应在氮气的环境下进行，并使用镀铝聚酯袋包装，充氮气后，袋
口热合密封，制成雄蜂蛹冻干粉，置于 0~5℃的环境下保存。
所述的雄蜂蛹冻干粉的加工方法，其特征在于：所述的复合保鲜剂由下列重量百分比的组分原料制成：乳酸链球菌素0.04%、溶菌酶1.0%、茶多酚0.5%、壳聚糖0.6%、乳铁蛋白1.0%、薄荷提取物0.5%、荸荠皮提取物0.6%，余量为水，用柠檬酸调节保鲜液的pH值为4.5。
有益效果
本发明方法在冷冻前采用保鲜处理，大大降低了雄蜂蛹在加工时的变质风险，本发明方法制得的雄蜂蛹冻干粉，活性成分含量高，营养保留的更充分，提高了冻干粉的保质期。
具体实施方式
一种雄蜂蛹冻干粉的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
（1） 将收集来的新鲜雄蜂蛹，先放入复合保鲜液中浸泡处理1.2小时，取出清水冲洗1次，再放入复合保鲜剂中浸泡15分钟，取出，清水冲洗1次，再放入保鲜剂中浸泡8分钟，取出，清水冲洗3次；将保鲜处理清洗后的雄蜂蛹，切为 0.5-1cm长短，铺入干燥盘；然后，将切好的雄蜂蛹碎，在采用风冷式冷冻机的速冻隧道内进行快速冷冻，使物料中心温度在25分钟内降至-5℃以下，当物料中心温度降至-25~-30℃时，速冻结束，整个速冻过程约需要 2-2.5小时；
（2） 将预处理后的雄蜂蛹碎，经真空升华干燥设备干燥脱水，设定温度曲线控制物料的温度为50℃，干燥脱水时间10小时，干燥脱水后物料水分应低于 3% ；
（3） 低温真空脱水后的雄蜂蛹碎，采用液氮深冷粉碎机进行粉碎处理，经步骤（2）脱水后的雄蜂蛹粉碎最佳脆点为 -35~-140℃，粉末的粒度范围为400~1000目 ；
（4）包装过程应在氮气的环境下进行，并使用镀铝聚酯袋包装，充氮气后，袋
口热合密封，制成雄蜂蛹冻干粉，置于 0~5℃的环境下保存。
其中复合保鲜剂由下列重量百分比的组分原料制成：乳酸链球菌素0.04%、溶菌酶1.0%、茶多酚0.5%、壳聚糖0.6%、乳铁蛋白1.0%、薄荷提取物0.5%、荸荠皮提取物0.6%，余量为水，用柠檬酸调节保鲜液的pH值为4.5。
经测定本实施例制得的冻干粉的各项理化指标如下：色泽为浅黄褐色，口感甘甜爽口， 蛋白质含量为50.2%，脂肪含量为25.2%，含水量3%，超氧化歧化酶(SOD)2768U/g。
Claims (2)
1.一种雄蜂蛹冻干粉的加工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1） 将收集来的新鲜雄蜂蛹，先放入复合保鲜液中浸泡处理1-1.5小时，取出清水冲洗1次，再放入复合保鲜剂中浸泡10-20分钟，取出，清水冲洗1次，再放入保鲜剂中浸泡5-10分钟，取出，清水冲洗3次；将保鲜处理清洗后的雄蜂蛹，用切菜机切为 1 公分长短，铺入干燥盘；然后，将切好的雄蜂蛹碎，在采用风冷式冷冻机的速冻隧道内进行快速冷冻，使物料中心温度在25分钟内降至-5℃以下，当物料中心温度降至-25~-30℃时，速冻结束，整个速冻过程约需要 2-2.5小时；
（2） 将预处理后的雄蜂蛹碎，经真空升华干燥设备干燥脱水，设定温度曲线控制物料的温度为45~55℃，干燥脱水时间9-11小时，干燥脱水后物料水分应低于 3% ；
（3） 低温真空脱水后的雄蜂蛹碎，采用液氮深冷粉碎机进行粉碎处理，经步骤（2）脱水后的雄蜂蛹粉碎最佳脆点为 -35~-140℃，粉末的粒度范围为400~1000目 ；
（4）包装过程应在氮气的环境下进行，并使用镀铝聚酯袋包装，充氮气后，袋
口热合密封，制成雄蜂蛹冻干粉，置于 0~5℃的环境下保存。
2.根据权利要求1所述的雄蜂蛹冻干粉的加工方法，其特征在于：所述的复合保鲜剂由下列重量百分比的组分原料制成：乳酸链球菌素0.04%、溶菌酶1.0%、茶多酚0.5%、壳聚糖0.6%、乳铁蛋白1.0%、薄荷提取物0.5%、荸荠皮提取物0.6%，余量为水，用柠檬酸调节保鲜液的pH值为4.5。
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