CN106173371A - 一种用于肉用母牛妊娠后期的预混料及其饲喂方法 - Google Patents
一种用于肉用母牛妊娠后期的预混料及其饲喂方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于肉用母牛妊娠后期的预混合饲料，它是由以下物质混合而成，其具体用量为(重量份)：维生素E(50％含量)15‑25份；维生素D3(50万国际单位/克)1‑5份；维生素A(50万国际单位/克)5‑10份；硫酸亚铁5‑10份；碱式氯化铜1‑5份；硫酸锌1‑5份；硫酸镁5‑15份；硫酸锰3‑10份；硫酸钠5‑10份；钴预混剂(含钴1％)1‑10份；碘预混剂(含碘5％)1‑10份；硒预混剂(含硒1％)20‑30份；铬稀释剂(含铬0.62％)1‑5份；离子载体600‑800份；本预混合饲料载体150‑250份，本发明添加在肉用母牛妊娠后期的饲料中，不影响母牛的采食量，同时可以预防产后瘫、胎衣不下、不发情、不孕症、流产等，提高泌乳质量、母牛产后的繁殖性能、预防犊牛腹泻和营养不良等症。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及肉用母牛用的预混料，特别是一种用于肉用母牛妊娠后期的预混料。
背景技术
肉用母牛妊娠后期，即妊娠7月至分娩对产后母牛的健康、泌乳质量、繁殖是非常重要的。许多代谢性疾病，如产后瘫、胎衣不下、子宫炎等主要发生在这一时期。尽管这一阶段的时间很短，但对产后母牛的繁殖、犊牛成活率的提高却是至关重要的。
美国每年有8％的牛发生临床性产后瘫痪，每头病例造成的损失为300美元，二胎或二胎以上牛每年发生亚临床性低血钙的比例是30％，每个病例造成的损失是125美元(Garrett R.Oetzel，2014)。最近研究表明，产犊时低血钙会引起或继发其他代谢紊乱，如酸中毒、难产、胎衣不下、子宫炎和真胃移位。这些继发的疾病可能由于低血钙引起的肌肉收缩障碍以及食欲下降所导致的。
肉用母牛为了预防产乳热和胎衣不下，常使用简单方便、容易操作的舔砖,美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国的舔砖产品种类已经由“糖蜜-尿素舔砖”(molasses-urea block)发展到适用于牛羊不同品种、不同用途和不同饲养模式的系列产品，已成为提高牛羊生产性能、饲料利用率、驱虫保健、提高机体免疫力的重要措施(Spain J，2005)。日本全药公司开发了护蹄舔砖、富硒舔砖、E100舔砖、合微舔砖等，护蹄舔砖是世界上唯一含有50％小苏打的舔砖，还含有预防蹄病的有效成分生物素和蛋氨酸锌等。但国外产品价位高，关键技术保密，我国技术比较落后。由于研究的对象、方法和技术手段具有一定的局限性，舔砖生产还存在很多问题如产品品种单一，产品质量不过关，物理性状较差，容易吸潮，缺少统一质量评价标准，动物适口性差，生产效率较低及生产成本过高等；此外对促进反刍动物生产性能的作用机理尚不是很清楚、研究结果也存在分歧，因此，严重阻碍了复合营养舔砖的推广和应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有饲养技术的不足而提供的一种既不影响母牛产前采食量又能预防胎衣不下和产乳热等疾病的肉用母牛专用预混料。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：
一种用于肉用母牛妊娠后期的预混料，它是由以下物质混合而成，其具体用量为(重量份)：
维生素E 15-25 维生素D3 1-5 维生素A 5-10
硫酸亚铁 5-10 碱式氯化铜 1-5 硫酸锌 1-5
硫酸镁 5-15 硫酸锰 3-10 硫酸钠 5-10
钴预混剂 1-10 碘预混剂 1-10 硒预混剂 20-30
铬稀释剂 1-5 离子载体600-800 本预混合饲料载体150-250份；
所述维生素E为50％含量，维生素D3、维生素A为50万国际单位/克、
所述硫酸亚铁、碱式氯化铜、硫酸锌、硫酸镁、硫酸锰、硫酸钠为饲料级。
所述铬稀释剂为含铬0.62％、硒预混剂为含硒1％、碘预混剂为含碘1％、钴预混剂为含钴1％、保鲜素0.8％。
所述离子载体是50％有效成分的莫能菌素、石粉、磷酸氢钙。
所述本预混合饲料载体是康壳粉油稻壳(1:9)、细石粉、及沸石粉中的一种或其几种混合。
一种用于肉用母牛妊娠后期的预混料的饲喂方法，自母牛妊娠第7月(210天)开始，每日每头在混合精饲料中添加150克预混料，若每日每头的混合精饲料喂量为2kg，即添加7.5％；若喂量为2.5kg，按6％添加。
本发明所产生的效果：
(1)根据我们的大量生产实践调查，发现我国肉用母牛产后的产奶量远低于美国等发达国家，在分娩时或分娩后发生产乳热的概率很低，同时肉牛生产中，围产期很少使用阴离子盐产品，大多数使用的矿物质舔砖。舔砖含有钙、磷、钠和氯等常量元素以及铁、铜、锰、锌、硒等微量元素，能维持牛羊等反刍家畜机体的电解质平衡，防治家畜矿物质营养缺乏症，以补充、平衡、调控矿物质营养为主，防治牛羊矿物质营养缺乏及平衡失调而引发的异嗜癖、腐蹄病、白肌病、产后瘫痪、幼畜佝偻博营养性贫血等，调节生理代谢，具有营养保健功能。可有效提高饲料转化率，促进生长繁殖，提高生产性能。但舔砖不能补充维生素A、维生素D和维生素E，由于舔砖长期暴露在空气中，维生素非常不稳定，氧化作用可迅速破坏维生素，而热、湿、酸败和微量元素可以加速维生素的氧化，使维生素的生物学效价降低，而本发明可弥补舔砖中无法添加维生素的缺陷和不足。
(2)影响母牛产后胎衣不下的原因很多。除了分娩时血钙浓度较低以外，还有微量元素硒、铜的缺乏，常量元素镁和磷及食盐的不足等，本发明有效地补充了这些。
(3)虽然我们的主要目标是预防胎衣不下，但通过运动场放置舔砖的方式，补充部分矿物质和微量元素等，本发明可有效地预防产乳热疾病。
(4)本发明用量少且价格一吨比舔砖便宜1000多元，此外采用本发明不需要额外补充维生素和微量元素，降低了肉牛场的饲养成本，并可能创造更多的利润。
具体实施方式
实施例1
维生素E 23g；维生素A 3g；硫酸亚铁5g；碱式氯化铜3g；硫酸镁7g；氯化钴2g；硫酸锰5g；硫酸锌1g；硫酸钠9g；亚硒酸钠21g；碘酸钙1g；离子载体750g；本预混合饲料载体160g，经混合得到本发明。
实施例2
维生素E 20g；维生素D31g；维生素A 5g；硫酸亚铁7g；碱式氯化铜5g；硫酸锰7g；硫酸锌5g；硫酸镁9g；氯化钴5g；碘酸钙3g；亚硒酸钠23g；离子载体700g；本预混合饲料载体200g，经混合得到本发明。
实施例3
维生素E 25g；维生素D31g；维生素A 8g；硫酸亚铁9g；碱式氯化铜3g；硫酸锰4g；硫酸锌3g；硫酸镁12g；氯化钴8g；碘酸钙6g；亚硒酸钠28g；离子载体670g；本预混合饲料载体220g，经混合得到本发明。
本预混料的使用方法：
自妊娠第7月(210天)开始，每日每头在混合精饲料中添加150克本发明。若每日每头的混合精饲料喂量为2kg，即添加7.5％；若喂量为2.5kg，可按6％添加。
本发明添加在肉用母牛妊娠后期饲料中，不影响母牛的采食量，同时可以预防产后瘫、胎衣不下、不发情、不孕症、流产等，提高母牛泌乳质量和产后的繁殖性能、预防犊牛腹泻和营养不良等症。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于肉用母牛妊娠后期的预混料，其特征在于它是由以下物质混合而成，其具体用量的重量份为：
维生素E 15-25 维生素D3 1-5 维生素A 5-10
硫酸亚铁5-10 碱式氯化铜1-5 硫酸锌1-5
硫酸镁5-15 硫酸锰3-10 硫酸钠5-10
钴预混剂1-10 碘预混剂1-10 硒预混剂20-30
铬稀释剂1-5 离子载体600-800 本预混合饲料载体150-250份；
其中：所述维生素E为50％含量，维生素D3及维生素A为50万国际单位/克；钴预混剂为含钴1％，碘预混剂为含碘1％，铬稀释剂为含铬0.62％，硒预混剂为含硒1％；离子载体是50％有效成分的莫能菌素、石粉、磷酸氢钙。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于肉用母牛妊娠后期的预混料，其特征在于硫酸亚铁、碱式氯化铜、硫酸锌、硫酸镁、硫酸钠及硫酸锰为饲料级。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于肉用母牛妊娠后期的预混料，其特征在于本预混合饲料载体为康壳粉、油稻壳(1:9)、沸石粉中的一种或其几种混合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于肉用母牛妊娠后期的预混料的饲喂方法，其特征在于，自母牛妊娠第7月(210天)开始，每日每头在混合精饲料中添加150克预混料，若每日每头的混合精饲料喂量为2kg，即添加7.5％；若喂量为2.5kg，按6％添加。
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| CN106912689A (zh) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-07-04 | 贵州山耕公社新农人技术开发有限公司 | 一种妊娠期饲料添加剂及饲料 |
| CN107156469A (zh) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-09-15 | 广汉隆达饲料有限公司 | 育肥牛用驱虫健胃复合预混合饲料舔砖 |
| WO2024125758A1 (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2024-06-20 | Vilofoss A/S | Compostions for use in the prophylactic treatment of hypocalcemia in a ruminant animal |
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| CN1911081A (zh) * | 2005-08-11 | 2007-02-14 | 上海延华生物科技有限公司 | 一种用于母牛干奶后期的预混合饲料 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106912689A (zh) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-07-04 | 贵州山耕公社新农人技术开发有限公司 | 一种妊娠期饲料添加剂及饲料 |
| CN107156469A (zh) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-09-15 | 广汉隆达饲料有限公司 | 育肥牛用驱虫健胃复合预混合饲料舔砖 |
| WO2024125758A1 (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2024-06-20 | Vilofoss A/S | Compostions for use in the prophylactic treatment of hypocalcemia in a ruminant animal |
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