CN106166957A - 用于在电池断开事件期间激活危险警告灯的车辆系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于在电池断开事件期间激活危险警告灯的车辆系统和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106166957A
CN106166957A CN201610316517.0A CN201610316517A CN106166957A CN 106166957 A CN106166957 A CN 106166957A CN 201610316517 A CN201610316517 A CN 201610316517A CN 106166957 A CN106166957 A CN 106166957A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
electric vehicle
tension battery
vehicle
warning light
hazard warning
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Pending
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CN201610316517.0A
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English (en)
Inventor
罗伯特·博尔达克
胜宏木本
肯·乔恩·坎宁安
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Publication of CN106166957A publication Critical patent/CN106166957A/zh
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    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
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Abstract

根据本发明的示例性方面的一种方法除了其他方面以外包括，响应于高压电池断开事件而激活电动车辆的危险警告灯。

Description

用于在电池断开事件期间激活危险警告灯的车辆系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于电动车辆的车辆系统和方法。该车辆系统被配置为响应于高压电池断开事件来激活电动车辆的一个或多个危险警告灯。
背景技术
减少车辆中的燃料消耗和排放的必要性是众所周知的。因此，正在开发降低或完全消除对内燃发动机的依赖的车辆。电动车辆是为此目的当前正在开发的一种类型的车辆。一般而言，电动车辆不同于常规机动车辆，因为它们通过由一个或多个电池供电的电机来选择性地驱动。相比之下，常规机动车辆仅依赖内燃发动机来驱动车辆。
电动车辆动力传动系统通常配备有高压电池，该高压电池具有多个电池单元，该电池单元存储用于给电机和其他电负载供电的电力。在某些车辆故障条件下，高压电池可以有意地从车辆的高压电总线断开，从而导致失去车辆动力。
发明内容
根据本发明的示例性方面的一种方法除了其他方面以外包括，响应于高压电池断开事件而激活电动车辆的危险警告灯。
在前述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，如果电动车辆的速度超过预定速度阈值，则执行激活步骤。
在任一前述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，如果来自电动车辆的操作者的电力请求超过预定电力请求阈值，则执行激活步骤。
在任一前述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，如果电动车辆的速度超过预定速度阈值并且来自电动车辆的操作者的电力请求超过预定电力请求阈值，则执行激活步骤。
在任一前述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，高压电池断开事件表明电动车辆已失去动力。
在任一前述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，激活步骤包括无需来自车辆操作者的特定请求而自动闪烁危险警告灯。
在任一前述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，该方法包括响应于高压电池断开事件而以第一闪烁模式自动闪烁危险警告灯并且响应于来自车辆操作者的特定请求而以第二、不同的闪烁模式闪烁危险警告灯。
在任一前述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，该方法包括，在激活步骤之前，监测电动车辆的高压电池的故障条件。
在任一前述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，该方法包括将高压电池从高压总线断开以引起高压电池断开事件。
在任一前述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，激活步骤包括如果除了高压电池断开事件之外一个或多个附加车辆条件已得到满足，则闪烁危险警告灯以将视觉警报提供至电动车辆附近的车辆。
根据本发明的另一个示例性方面的一种车辆系统除了其他方面以外包括高压电池和至少一个控制模块，该至少一个控制模块被配置为监测高压电池并且响应于高压电池的断开事件而命令视觉警报。
在前述车辆系统的进一步非限制性实施例中，至少一个控制模块包括第一控制模块和与第一控制模块通信的第二控制模块。
在任一前述车辆系统的进一步非限制性实施例中，第一控制模块被配置为监测高压电池并且第二控制模块被配置为命令视觉警报。
在任一前述车辆系统的进一步非限制性实施例中，第一控制模块和第二控制模块通过通信链路进行通信。
在任一前述车辆系统的进一步非限制性实施例中，危险警告灯被配置为提供视觉警报。
在任一前述车辆系统的进一步非限制性实施例中，低压电池被配置为在断开事件期间给危险警告灯供电。
在任一前述车辆系统的进一步非限制性实施例中，开关可在打开位置和闭合位置之间移动，在该打开位置，低压电池从危险警告灯解耦，在该闭合位置，低压电池在断开事件期间被耦合至危险警告灯。
在任一前述车辆系统的进一步非限制性实施例中，至少一个接触器被配置为将高压电池从高压负载选择性地断开以引起断开事件。
前述段落、权利要求或以下说明书和附图中的实施例、示例和可选方案，包括它们的各个方面或各自的个体特征，可以独立地或以任意组合的形式获得。关于一个实施例所描述的特征适用于所有的实施例，除非这些特征互不相容。
从以下具体实施方式中，本发明的各种特征和优点对本领域技术人员来说将是显而易见的。伴随具体实施方式的附图可以被简要地描述如下。
附图说明
图1示意性地说明了电动车辆的动力传动系统；
图2示意性地说明了电动车辆的车辆系统；
图3示意性地说明了用于提供电动车辆已失去动力的视觉警报的控制策略。
具体实施方式
本发明描述了一种用于控制电动车辆的车辆系统和方法。在一些实施例中，响应于高压电池断开事件而激活电动车辆的危险警告灯。高压电池断开事件可以表明电动车辆已失去动力。闪烁危险警告灯将这样的失去动力的视觉警报提供至附近车辆的驾驶员。在一些实施例中，如果某些附加车辆条件得到满足，则响应于高压电池断开事件而激活危险警告灯。在该具体实施方式的以下段落中更详细地讨论这些和其它特征。
图1示意性地说明了用于电动车辆12的动力传动系统10。虽然被描述为混合动力电动车辆(HEV)，但是应当理解的是，在此所描述的概念不限于HEV并且可以延伸至其它电动车辆，包括但不限于，插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)、纯电动车辆(BEV)和燃料电池车辆。
在一个实施例中，动力传动系统10是使用第一驱动系统和第二驱动系统的动力分配动力传动系统。第一驱动系统包括发动机14和发电机18(即，第一电机)的结合。第二驱动系统至少包括马达22(即，第二电机)、发电机18和电池24。在该示例中，第二驱动系统被认为是动力传动系统10的电驱动系统。第一和第二驱动系统产生扭矩以驱动电动车辆12的一组或多组车辆驱动轮28。虽然示出了动力分配配置，但是本发明可以延伸到包括完全混合动力、并联式混合动力、串联式混合动力、轻度混合动力或微混合动力的任何混合动力或电动车辆。
发动机14——在一个实施例中其是内燃发动机——和发电机18可以通过动力传输单元30——例如行星齿轮组——连接。当然，其它类型的动力传输单元，包括其它齿轮组和传动装置，可以用于将发动机14连接至发电机18。在一个非限制性实施例中，动力传输单元30是包括环形齿轮32、中心齿轮34和行星齿轮架总成36的行星齿轮组。
发电机18可以由发动机14通过动力传输单元30来驱动以将动能转变为电能。发电机18可以可选择地用作马达以将电能转变为动能，从而输出扭矩至连接到动力传输单元30的轴38。因为发电机18可操作地连接到发动机14，所以发动机14的转速可以通过发电机18来控制。
动力传输单元30的环形齿轮32可以连接至轴40，轴40通过第二动力传输单元44连接至车辆驱动轮28。第二动力传输单元44可以包括具有多个齿轮46的齿轮组。其它动力传输单元也可以是适合的。齿轮46将扭矩从发动机14传递至差速器48以最终提供牵引力至车辆驱动轮28。差速器48可以包括能够将扭矩传递至车辆驱动轮28的多个齿轮。在一个实施例中，第二动力传输单元44通过差速器48机械地连接至车轴50以将扭矩分配至车辆驱动轮28。
马达22也可以用于通过将扭矩输出至也连接至第二动力传输单元44的轴52来驱动车辆驱动轮28。在一个实施例中，马达22和发电机18配合作为再生制动系统的一部分，在再生制动系统中，马达22和发电机18二者都可以用作马达以输出扭矩。例如，马达22和发电机18可以各自将电力输出至电池24。
电池24是示例性电动车辆电池。电池24可以被配置为高压牵引电池组，该高压牵引电池组除了其他部件以外包括能够输出电力以操作马达22和发电机18的多个电池单元。其它类型的储能设备和/或输出设备也可以用于电驱动电动车辆12。
在一个非限制性实施例中，电动车辆12具有两个基本操作模式。电动车辆12可以在电动车辆(EV)模式下运行，在电动车辆(EV)模式下，马达22被用于车辆推进(总体上没有来自发动机14的辅助)，从而将电池24的荷电状态消耗至其在某些驾驶参数/周期下的最大可允许的放电率。EV模式是用于电动车辆12的运行的电荷消耗模式的示例。在EV模式期间，电池24的荷电状态在某些情况下可以增加，例如由于一段时间的再生制动。发动机14在默认EV模式下通常是关闭的，但是可以基于车辆系统状态根据需要操作或根据操作者允许进行操作。
电动车辆12可以附加地在混合动力(HEV)模式下运行，在混合动力模式下，发动机14和马达22二者都用于车辆推进。HEV模式是用于电动车辆12的运行的电荷保持模式的示例。在HEV模式期间，电动车辆12可以减少马达22推进用量以便通过增加发动机14推进来将电池24的荷电状态保持在恒定或接近恒定的水平。在本发明的范围内，电动车辆12可以在EV和HEV模式以外的其他操作模式下运行。
图2是车辆系统56的高度示意图，车辆系统56可以被并入到车辆中，例如图1的电动车辆12。当电动车辆失去动力时，车辆系统56适于激活电动车辆12的一个或多个危险警告灯58。换个说法，车辆系统56被设计用于响应于导致电动车辆失去动力的高压电池断开事件而通过闪烁危险警告灯58将视觉警报自动提供至附近车辆的驾驶员。
在一个非限制性实施例中，示例性车辆系统56包括高压电池60、高压负载62、低压电池64、危险警告灯58、第一控制模块66和第二控制模块68。以下描述车辆系统56的这些和附加部件。
高压电池60可以包括多个电池单元、电容器或其他储能设备，这些部件相对于彼此互相连接以形成高压电池60。高压电池60的储能设备储存电能，该电能可以被供应以给电动车辆上的各种负载供电。在非限制性实施例中，高压电池60能够产生至少100伏特的电力。高压电池60可以将该电力供应至用于为电动车辆提供动力的高压负载62。在一个非限制性实施例中，高压负载62是电机(例如电动马达)、发电机或组合的马达/发电机。
一个或多个接触器72可以用于选择性地打开和关闭高压电池60和高压负载62之间的连接。在一个实施例中，接触器72充当用于将电源电流电子切换至高压负载62的高压继电器。例如，接触器72可以将高压电池60中产生的高压电源耦合至高压负载62或将高压电池60中产生的高压电源从高压负载62解耦。当处于闭合位置(以虚线示出)，接触器72将高压电池60通过高压总线74耦合至高压负载62。可替代地，当接触器72处于打开位置时，高压电池60从高压负载62解耦或断开。
低压电池64可以将电力供应至电动车辆的各种低压电负载(例如，照明系统、逻辑电路等)。例如，低压电池64可以给危险警告灯58供电。在非限制性实施例中，低压电池64是12V电池。低压电池64可以使用开关70选择性地连接至危险警告灯58和从危险警告灯58断开。
第一控制模块66和第二控制模块68可以是整体车辆控制单元——例如车辆系统控制器(VSC)——的一部分，或可替代地是与VSC分开的独立的控制单元。在一个实施例中，第一控制模块66和第二控制模块68包括用于与车辆系统56的各种部件配合并且命令车辆系统56的各种部件的操作的可执行的指令。第一控制模块66和第二控制模块68可以都包括用于与各种部件配合的多个输入和输出，并且可以包括用于执行车辆系统56的各种控制策略和模式的处理单元和非易失性存储器。
在非限制性实施例中，第一控制模块66控制车辆系统56的至少高压电池60和接触器72的操作。例如，第一控制模块66可以监测高压电池60的电池单元的温度，可以监测和控制高压电池60的荷电状态(SOC)，可以控制高压电池60的电池单元的充电和放电操作，并且可以控制接触器72的打开和闭合。这些只是车辆系统56的第一控制模块66的许多潜在功能的非限制性示例。
在另一个实施例中，第二控制模块68控制用于激活车辆系统56的危险警告灯58的至少低压电池64和开关70的操作。例如，在非限制性实施例中，第二控制模块68可以命令开关70闭合(以虚线示出)以使用来自低压电池64的电力来激活危险警告灯58。第二控制模块68可以包括除了这些功能之外的许多其它功能。
第一控制模块66和第二控制模块68可以通过通信链路76彼此通信。在一个非限制性实施例中，通信链路76是被设计为允许第一控制模块66和第二控制模块68彼此通信以及与其它控制模块通信的控制器局域网。
在某些故障条件下，例如电池单元过充电和/或电池单元过放电条件，第一控制模块66可以命令接触器72打开以将高压电池60从高压总线74断开，并且因此将高压电池60从高压负载62断开。这被称为“高压电池断开事件”并且导致电动车辆失去动力。响应于检测到高压电池断开事件，第一控制模块66可以通过通信链路76传输信号至第二控制模块68。作为响应，第二控制模块68可以命令开关70闭合以激活危险警告灯58。以这种方式，车辆系统56将失去动力的视觉警报提供至其他车辆驾驶员。
继续参照图1-2，图3示意性地说明了用于控制车辆系统56的示例性控制策略100。例如，响应于高压电池断开事件，可以执行控制策略100以通过闪烁危险警告灯58将视觉警报提供至其他车辆驾驶员。第一控制模块66和第二控制模块68可以编程有适于执行控制策略100或任何其它控制策略的一个或多个算法。在一个非限制性实施例中，控制策略100可以被存储为第一控制模块66和第二控制模块68的非易失性存储器中的可执行指令。
如图3所示，控制策略100开始于框102。在框104中，控制策略100监测高压电池60的电池故障条件。除了其它条件之外，电池故障条件可以包括电池单元过充电和/或电池单元过放电条件。第一控制模块66可以连续地监测高压电池60的这样的故障。
接下来，在框106，控制策略100确定是否已经检测到电池故障条件。如果“否”，则第一控制模块66继续监测高压电池60。然而，如果“是”，则控制策略100进行到框108。
在框108，将高压电池60从高压负载62断开。在非限制性实施例中，第一控制模块66命令接触器72打开以将高压电池60从高压负载62断开。打开接触器72致使引起电动车辆12失去动力的高压电池断开事件。
控制策略100接下来确定用于决定是否将电动车辆12已失去动力的视觉警报提供至其他驾驶员的一个或多个附加车辆条件是否存在。这在控制策略100的框110中示意性地示出。在第一实施例中，控制策略100确定电动车辆12的速度是否超过预定速率阈值。预定速率阈值是可校准的值，其可以被设定成任何车辆速度。在第二实施例中，控制策略100确定来自电动车辆12的操作者的电力请求是否超过预定电力请求阈值。预定电力请求阈值是可校准的值，其可以从加速器踏板位置得到。在又一个实施例中，控制策略100确定电动车辆12的速度是否超过预定速度阈值并且电力请求是否超过预定电力请求阈值。其它车辆条件也可以被监测用于确定是否发出视觉警报。
如果在框110中的分析得到答案为“否”，则控制策略在框112中结束，并且不激活视觉警报。可替代地，如果框110的答案为“是”，则控制策略100进行到框114，激活危险警告灯58以便将失去动力的视觉警报提供至其他车辆操作者。第一控制模块66可以将信号传达至第二控制模块68以激活危险警告灯58。响应于接收到该信号，第二控制模块68可以命令开关70闭合以通过使用来自低压电池64的电力来激活危险警告灯58。
一旦被激活，危险警告灯58可以以预定闪烁模式闪烁以将视觉警报提供至电动车辆12附近的车辆。在非限制性实施例中，用于自动指示失去动力的预定闪烁模式是与如果电动车辆12的车辆操作者已例如通过按下电动车辆12的车舱内的按钮来特定请求危险警告灯58的操作所使用的闪烁模式不同的闪烁模式。例如，用于自动指示失去动力的预定闪烁模式可以比其他闪烁模式更快速地闪烁危险警告灯58，以更快地引起电动车辆12的注意。
虽然不同的非限制性实施例被说明为具有特定的部件或步骤，但是本发明的实施例并不限于那些特定的组合。将来自任一非限制性实施例的一些部件或特征与来自任一其他非限制性实施例的特征或部件结合使用是可能的。
应当理解的是，在几个附图中，相同的附图标记标识相应的或类似的元件。应当理解的是，虽然在这些示例性实施例中公开和说明了特定的部件布置，但是其它布置也可以受益于本发明的教导。
前面的说明应当被解释为说明性的而不是任何限制性的意义。本领域普通技术的人员将理解的是，某些修改可能落入本发明的范围之内。由于这些原因，应当研究下面的权利要求以确定本发明的真实范围和内容。

Claims (10)

1.一种方法，包含：
响应于高压电池断开事件而激活电动车辆的危险警告灯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中如果所述电动车辆的速度超过预定速度阈值，则执行所述激活步骤。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中如果来自所述电动车辆的操作者的电力请求超过预定电力请求阈值，则执行所述激活步骤。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中如果满足以下条件，则执行所述激活步骤：
所述电动车辆的速度超过预定速度阈值；并且
来自所述电动车辆的操作者的电力请求超过预定电力请求阈值。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述高压电池断开事件表明所述电动车辆已失去动力。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述激活步骤包括无需来自车辆操作者的特定请求而自动闪烁所述危险警告灯。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包含：
响应于所述高压电池断开事件而以第一闪烁模式自动闪烁所述危险警告灯；以及
响应于来自车辆操作者的特定请求而以第二、不同的闪烁模式闪烁所述危险警告灯。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包含，在所述激活步骤之前，监测所述电动车辆的高压电池的故障条件。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，包括将所述高压电池从高压总线断开以引起所述高压电池断开事件。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述激活步骤包括如果除了所述高压电池断开事件之外一个或多个附加车辆条件已得到满足，则闪烁所述危险警告灯以将视觉警报提供至所述电动车辆附近的车辆。
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