CN106166319A - 编织可折叠导管 - Google Patents

编织可折叠导管 Download PDF

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CN106166319A
CN106166319A CN201610330330.6A CN201610330330A CN106166319A CN 106166319 A CN106166319 A CN 106166319A CN 201610330330 A CN201610330330 A CN 201610330330A CN 106166319 A CN106166319 A CN 106166319A
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filament
grill openings
conduit
decompressed
distal end
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M.巴尔-塔
A.加西亚
E.E.洛维乔伊
D.E.希格史密斯
L.博特泽尔
R.海莫维奇
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Biosense Webster Israel Ltd
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Abstract

本发明题为编织可折叠导管。本发明提供了设备,所述设备由具有远侧端部和预定外径的导管组成。所述设备还具有多个弹性细丝,每个细丝具有固定至其的至少一个电极并具有固定在所述导管远侧端部内以将所述细丝保持为套环的两个端部。所述套环与其它细丝的一个或多个其它套环缠绕,以使得所述多个细丝形成开口栅格,所述开口栅格在被解压缩到是所述导管的所述外径的至少五倍的栅格直径时伸展。

Description

编织可折叠导管
技术领域
本发明大体涉及导管,并且具体地讲涉及导管的远侧端部的形成。
背景技术
在对心脏的医疗手术(诸如消融)期间,用于消融的能量可为经由接触心脏的电极注入到心脏中的射频能量。所述电极或其它电极也可用于通过在心脏跳动时从心脏获取信号来监测心脏的状况。现今的消融手术通常同时使用相对大量的电极,且这些电极可被提供于专门设计的导管(诸如篮形导管、遮棚阵列(pent-array)导管或套索导管)中。
发明内容
本发明的实施方案提供了设备,所述设备包括:
导管,所述导管具有远侧端部和预定外径;和
多个弹性细丝,每个细丝具有被固定至其的至少一个电极并具有被固定在所述导管远侧端部内以将所述细丝保持为套环的两个端部。所述套环与其它细丝的一个或多个其它套环缠绕,以使得所述多个细丝形成开口栅格,所述开口栅格在被解压缩到是所述导管的外径的至少五倍的栅格直径时伸展。
通常,所述开口栅格压缩以配合于具有等于所述导管的所述预定外径的直径的圆柱体内。
在所公开的实施方案中,所述开口栅格在被解压缩时的尺寸被设计成由虚拟球形封套包封。另选地,所述开口栅格在被解压缩时的尺寸被设计成由虚拟开口锥形封套包封。
在所公开的另一个实施方案中,所述开口栅格在被解压缩时具有介于所述缠绕的细丝之间的开口间隔,并且由所述开口间隔限定的第一总面积与由所述细丝限定的第二总面积的比率为至少5:1。
在所公开的另一个实施方案中,每个弹性细丝由具有管腔的管组成,并且所述至少一个电极被附接到横贯所述管腔的导线。
在另选实施方案中,所述栅格直径包括介于所述多个弹性细丝的选定节段之间的最大距离。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,还提供了一种方法,所述方法包括:
提供具有远侧端部和预定外径的导管;以及
将多个弹性细丝固定在所述导管远侧端部内,每个细丝具有被固定至其的至少一个电极并具有被固定在所述导管远侧端部内以将所述细丝保持为套环的两个端部,其中所述套环与其它细丝的一个或多个其它套环缠绕,以使得所述多个细丝形成开口栅格,并且其中所述开口栅格在被解压缩到是所述导管的外径的至少五倍的栅格直径时伸展。
结合附图,根据下文对本公开的实施方案的详细说明,将更全面地理解本公开,其中:
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的实施方案的微创医疗系统的示意图;
图2、图3、图4、图5和图6为根据本发明的实施方案的探头的远侧端部的不同示意图;和
图7和图8为示出根据本发明的另选实施方案的被解压缩的开口栅格的两个视图。
具体实施方式
概述
许多导管(诸如遮棚阵列导管、套索导管或篮形导管)可在对心脏壁进行医疗手术(诸如消融)期间在尝试适形于所述壁的形状时推压所述壁。此外,这些类型的导管具有相对锋利的区域(在遮棚阵列导管或套索导管的情况下,花键的端部;在篮形导管的情况下,篮子的远侧端部)。对于具有开口端构造的导管(诸如遮棚阵列导管或套索导管)而言,在操作期间难以保持其形状。(在遮棚阵列导管中,端部趋于重叠;在套索导管中,套索端部趋于与套索的其余部分缠在一起,并且需要相对大的力来抵消这些影响。)对于所有这些类型的导管而言,所需的力与锋利区域的组合可能在医疗手术(诸如上文所提及的那些手术)中使用所述导管期间具有不期望的结果。
本发明的实施方案克服了这两个问题。多个弹性细丝被附接到导管的远侧端部,每个细丝具有被固定至其的至少一个电极。每个细丝的两个端部被固定在导管内,通常被固定在远侧端部的远侧末端内,以使得每个细丝形成不具有锋利区域的套环。由细丝形成的套环被配置成以编织方式彼此缠绕,使得所述多个细丝形成开口栅格。细丝的弹性允许开口栅格以压缩形式或以解压缩形式存在。
在压缩形式中,导管与其被压缩的开口栅格可插入到护套中,所述护套在对心脏进行手术期间将导管的远侧端部引导到期望的位置,通常在心脏中。在期望的位置处,被压缩的开口栅格退出护套,且解压缩以形成被解压缩的开口栅格。
被解压缩的开口栅格为相对大的,其具有是导管远侧端部的外径的至少五倍的栅格直径,以使得栅格的电极能够接触心脏壁。然而,细丝的弹性及其缺乏锋利的边缘防止对心脏造成创伤。
通过使细丝的套环以上文所提及的编织方式彼此缠绕和交叉,由套环形成的被解压缩的开口栅格能够保持其形状。
系统说明
现在参见图1,图1为根据本发明的实施方案的微创医疗系统20的示意图。系统20通常在医疗手术期间对身体器官使用,且在本文说明中,以举例的方式,假定所述身体器官包括心脏,其中所述系统被应用于采样,且通常记录和分析心内心电图(ECG)信号。然而,应当理解,系统20可应用于对来自其它身体器官的其它信号进行采样。
下文说明假定系统20使用探头24来感测来自心脏22的心内ECG信号。探头24通常包括导管,且在本文中也称之为导管24。探头的远侧端部26被插入到受检者30的身体中。下文更详细描述的探头的远侧端部26包括感测ECG信号的多个电极28。在将探头插入到心脏22中之前,护套34可插入到受检者中,直至护套的远侧端部处于期望的位置。一旦护套的远侧端部已正确定位,探头24便可插入到护套34中,直至探头的远侧端部26从护套的远侧端部退出。在本文说明中,假定使用者32,通常为医疗专业人员插入护套和探头。
系统20可由系统处理器40控制,所述系统处理器包括与ECG模块44通信的处理单元42。处理器40可安装于控制台50中,所述控制台包括操作控制件,所述操作控制件通常包括指向装置(诸如鼠标或轨迹球)。控制台50还连接到系统20的其它元件,诸如导管24的近侧端部52。专业人员32使用所述指向装置来与处理器进行交互,所述处理器如下文所述可用于在屏幕54上向专业人员呈现由系统20产生的结果。
所述屏幕显示由ECG模块44对ECG信号的分析和处理的结果。通常,所得ECG信号以电位与时间的关系曲线图的形式呈现于屏幕54上,且该曲线图的示意性实施例60示出于图1中。然而,所得的ECG信号也可由处理器40用来导出与所述ECG信号相关联的其它结果,诸如局部启动时间(LAT)。这些结果通常以心脏22的内表面的三维(3D)标测图64的形式呈现于屏幕54上。
处理器40使用存储在所述处理器的存储器中的软件来操作系统20。例如,所述软件可以电子形式通过网络下载到处理器40,或者另选地或除此之外,所述软件可被提供和/或存储在非临时性有形介质(诸如磁存储器、光学存储器、或电子存储器)上。
处理器40通常包括其它模块(诸如探头跟踪模块和消融模块),所述消融模块向一个或多个电极28或向远侧端部中的一个或多个其它电极提供稳压电源。为简明起见,图1未示出此类模块。由Biosense Webster(Diamond Bar,CA)生产的系统使用此类模块。
图2、图3、图4、图5和图6为根据本发明的实施方案的探头24的远侧端部26的不同示意图。图2示出在退出护套34的远侧端部之前或在重新进入护套34的远侧端部之后的探头远侧端部。图3示出当其退出或重新进入护套34时的探头远侧端部26。图4和图5以两个不同的视图示出当其已完全退出护套34时的探头远侧端部26。图6以剖面图示意性地示出被附接到远侧端部26的单个套环。
远侧端部26包括多个柔性弹性细丝100,每个细丝100通常由导电元件(诸如镍钛诺管)形成。如图6所示,每个细丝具有两个端部102,104,这两者被固定至导管24的远侧端部26,通常在所述远侧端部的末端110处,以使得每个细丝形成套环。导管的远侧端部26具有外径d。如果细丝100为导电的,例如,如果其是由镍钛诺形成的,则其通常由绝缘材料覆盖。另选地,细丝100可由绝缘材料形成。
每个细丝100具有被固定至所述细丝的至少一个电极28。如果所述细丝呈管的形式,则导线116(如果细丝100为导电的,则该导线为绝缘的)可通过细丝中的孔被附接到电极,并且所述线可经由导管24的远侧端部26和近侧端部52馈送穿过并且横贯所述管的管腔(如图6所示),到达控制台50。由电极获取的信号因此可由处理器49分析。另选地,如果细丝100不是管状的,则线116可粘合到细丝的外部。
细丝被固定至远侧端部26,以使得由细丝中的每一者形成的套环缠绕以形成开口栅格。开口栅格的套环是以编织方式布置,以使得其彼此交织和交叉,且使得其能够贴靠彼此滑动。由于其组成细丝的弹性,开口栅格可呈作为图2所示的被压缩的开口栅格118的压缩形式。细丝的开口栅格也可呈作为被解压缩的开口栅格120的解压缩形式。开口栅格120的两个视图被提供于图4和图5中。当细丝被固定至远侧端部时,其被布置成使得被解压缩的开口栅格120具有其尺寸被设计成配合于虚拟封套内的预定形状。在开口栅格120的情况下,其具有球形形状且其尺寸被设计成使得其可由球形虚拟封套124包封。
被解压缩的开口栅格120由缠绕的细丝100形成,在所述细丝之间存在开口间隔130(图4和图5)。在一个实施方案中,开口间隔的总面积与细丝100的总面积的比率为至少20:1,其中这两个面积被定义为由开口间隔和细丝的从虚拟封套的中心到所述封套上的投影产生的面积。在其它实施方案中,所述比率可为至少5:1。
被解压缩的开口栅格120还具有栅格直径D,所述栅格直径为介于细丝100的形成所述栅格的任何两个节段之间的最大距离。在一些实施方案中,栅格直径D可另选地被视为介于虚拟封套上的点之间的最大距离,所述虚拟封套的尺寸被设计成包封被解压缩的开口栅格,以使得在球形虚拟封套124的情况下,栅格直径D对应于封套124的直径。栅格直径D比导管的远侧端部26的外径d大至少5倍,且通常比d大20倍或更大。
如上所述,在使用系统20的典型心脏手术中,首先插入护套34,以使得护套的远侧端部相对于心脏22处于期望的位置。细丝100被压缩成使得其形成被压缩的开口栅格118,并且使得细丝能够进入护套34。在一些实施方案中,被压缩的开口栅格118足够小以配合到具有与远侧端部26的外径相同的直径d的圆柱体中。然后在其栅格压缩形式中,远侧端部26及其附接细丝可被推动到护套中,直至其到达护套的端部。图2示意性地示出护套34内的远侧端部26以及其附接细丝100,且图3示意性地示出当细丝从护套退出时的远侧端部和细丝。
在从护套退出之后,细丝100解压缩,以使得处于其解压缩状态下的细丝形成被解压缩的开口栅格120。在手术结束时,可沿近侧方向推动远侧端部26,以使得细丝100被护套压缩并且作为被压缩的开口栅格118重新进入护套。
图7和图8为示出根据本发明的另选实施方案的被解压缩的开口栅格220的两个视图。除下文所述的差异以外,被解压缩的开口栅格220大体上类似于被解压缩的开口栅格120(图4和图5)且在这两个栅格中和在这两组图式中由相同的附图标号指示的元件在构造上和在操作上大体上类似。因此,栅格220由多个缠绕的细丝100形成,每个细丝具有至少一个电极28。细丝中的每一者通过细丝的相应端部被固定至远侧末端110,以使得每个细丝呈套环的形式。在缠绕的细丝100之间存在间隔130。
然而,与被解压缩的开口栅格120相比,被解压缩的开口栅格220的预定形状为打开的手套或圆锥,以使得栅格220的尺寸被设计成由锥形虚拟封套224包封。至于栅格120,栅格220具有栅格直径D,所述栅格直径D等于介于细丝100的形成栅格220的任何两个节段之间的最大距离。另选地,栅格直径可被视为介于封套224上的点之间的最大距离。至于栅格120,被解压缩的开口栅格220的细丝100可被压缩以形成能够进入护套34的被压缩的开口栅格。
应当理解,本发明的实施方案包括除上文结合被解压缩的开口栅格120和220所述的特定形状以外的其它形状。例如,由固定至远侧末端110的细丝100形成的其它被解压缩的开口栅格(所有这些栅格均可压缩以配合于护套24内)呈椭圆体或抛物面的形式。所有这些开口栅格均假定为被包含在本发明的范围内。
因此,应当理解,上文所述的实施方案以举例的方式引用,且本发明不限于上文已具体示出和描述的内容。相反,本发明的范围包括上述各种特征的组合和子组合以及它们的变型和修改,本领域的技术人员在阅读上述说明时将会想到所述变型和修改,并且所述变型和修改并未在现有技术中公开。

Claims (14)

1.设备,所述设备包括:
导管,所述导管具有远侧端部和预定外径;以及
多个弹性细丝,每个细丝具有固定至其的至少一个电极并具有固定在所述导管远侧端部内以将所述细丝保持为套环的两个端部,所述套环与其它细丝的一个或多个其它套环缠绕,以使得所述多个细丝形成开口栅格,所述开口栅格在被解压缩到是所述导管的所述外径的至少五倍的栅格直径时伸展。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述开口栅格压缩以配合于圆柱体内,所述圆柱体具有等于所述导管的所述预定外径的直径。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述开口栅格在被解压缩时的尺寸被设计成由虚拟球形封套包封。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述开口栅格在被解压缩时的尺寸被设计成由虚拟开口锥形封套包封。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述开口栅格在被解压缩时包括介于缠绕的细丝之间的开口间隔,并且其中由所述开口间隔限定的第一总面积与由所述细丝限定的第二总面积的比率为至少5:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中每个弹性细丝包括具有管腔的管,并且其中所述至少一个电极被附接到横贯所述管腔的导线。
7.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述栅格直径包括介于所述多个弹性细丝的选定节段之间的最大距离。
8.一种方法,所述方法包括:
提供具有远侧端部和预定外径的导管;以及
将多个弹性细丝固定在所述导管远侧端部内,每个细丝具有固定至其的至少一个电极并具有固定在所述导管远侧端部内以将所述细丝保持为套环的两个端部,其中所述套环与其它细丝的一个或多个其它套环缠绕,以使得所述多个细丝形成开口栅格,并且其中所述开口栅格在被解压缩到是所述导管的所述外径的至少五倍的栅格直径时伸展。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述开口栅格压缩以配合于圆柱体内,所述圆柱体具有等于所述导管的所述预定外径的直径。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述开口栅格在被解压缩时的尺寸被设计成由虚拟球形封套包封。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述开口栅格在被解压缩时的尺寸被设计成由虚拟开口锥形封套包封。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述开口栅格在被解压缩时包括介于缠绕的细丝之间的开口间隔,并且其中由所述开口间隔限定的第一总面积与由所述细丝限定的第二总面积的比率为至少5:1。
13.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中每个弹性细丝包括具有管腔的管,并且其中所述至少一个电极被附接到横贯所述管腔的导线。
14.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述栅格直径包括介于所述多个弹性细丝的选定节段之间的最大距离。
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