CN106154412B - The chip of light waveguide of coupler and the application coupler - Google Patents
The chip of light waveguide of coupler and the application coupler Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the present invention discloses a kind of coupler and the chip of light waveguide using the coupler, is related to fiber optic communication field, can reduce the insertion loss when optical waveguide signal coupling of coupler two sides.Coupler described in the coupler is used for the connection of the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide, including entity area and first wave guide grating；The first end of the entity area and first optical waveguide coupled；The second end of the entity area is coupled with the second end of the first wave guide grating；The first end of the first wave guide grating and second optical waveguide coupled；Wherein, the size of the first end of the entity area is matched with the face size of first optical waveguide, the second end of the entity area is matched with the face size of the second end of the first wave guide grating, and the size of the first end of the first wave guide grating is matched with the face size of the second optical waveguide；The width linearity gradual change of the entity area.The embodiment of the present invention is applied to fiber optic communication.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the chip of light waveguide of fiber optic communication field more particularly to coupler and the application coupler.
Background technique
In recent years, with the rapid development of various internets and multimedia application, the flow in communication network just increases rapidly
It is long.Net, Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) or backbone transport networks are either accessed, the demand to device upgrade is more and more stronger, constantly increases to meet
Network traffic demand.Optical transceiver module is the core cell in optical-fiber network.Miniaturization, low energy consumption, multichannel, low cost light
Transceiver module will become development trend.As the core devices of optical transceiver module, light emission component and light-receiving component are also necessary
Develop to the characteristics of miniaturization and multichannel.The miniaturization of multichannel optical assembly may be implemented in integrated form encapsulation technology, i.e., more
Road chip of laser or detector chip are encapsulated in the same shell.Inside optical assembly, in addition to chip of laser and detection
Outside device chip, it is also necessary to which some passive devices are divided into multichannel letter to realize the passive processing function of optical signal, such as optical power
Number, wavelength-division multiplex/demultiplexing, polarization state merge and separate, complete light emission component or light-receiving group could be constituted in this way
Part function.Passive device can be divided into two classes, and one kind is based on Free Space Optics, i.e., light beam is in air or other uniform dielectrics
It propagates；Another kind of is based on Wave Guiding Optics, i.e. light beam is propagated in optical waveguide.These two types of passive devices respectively have advantage and disadvantage, for 4
For miniaturization optical assembly more than channel, the passive device based on planar optical waveguide chip is advantageously.
Light emission component and light-receiving component for tail fiber type, the coupling of single mode optical fiber and passive device is key technology
One of.If passive device uses planar optical waveguide chip, the insertion between single mode optical fiber and input/output optical waveguide how is reduced
Loss is the difficult point that numerous developers face.Because the core area diameter of single mode optical fiber is 9 microns, and the sandwich layer of monomode optical waveguide
Size is much smaller, such as 4 microns × 4 microns.It is very big that difference of the two on mode spot-size will lead to insertion loss, such as
Reach 2dB.Such insertion loss is all either unacceptable to light emission component or light-receiving component.
For the insertion loss for reducing optical fiber to waveguide, the prior art provides a kind of scheme: using linearly become narrow gradually (or
It is wide) physical couplings device reduce the insertion loss of optical fiber to waveguide.Since the manufacture craft of this coupler is all planarization
, it is therefore advantageous that design is simple, the disadvantage is that transversely (horizontal direction) spot size can only be adjusted, it can not be vertically
Adjust spot size.So also the spot size of monomode optical waveguide can not be made close to the spot size of single mode optical fiber.This coupling
Clutch still has certain effect for the optical waveguide of low-refraction difference, but the effect of the optical waveguide of high index-contrast is not obvious.
Therefore the insertion loss when optical waveguide signal coupling of coupler two sides cannot be effectively reduced.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of coupler and the chip of light waveguide using the coupler, can be effectively reduced coupling
Insertion loss when the optical waveguide signal coupling of clutch two sides.
On the one hand, a kind of coupler is provided, the coupler is used for the connection of the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide, including
Entity area and first wave guide grating；
The first end of the entity area and first optical waveguide coupled；
The second end of the entity area is coupled with the second end of the first wave guide grating；
The first end of the first wave guide grating and second optical waveguide coupled；
Wherein, the size of the first end of the entity area is matched with the face size of first optical waveguide, the reality
The second end of body region is matched with the face size of the second end of the first wave guide grating, and the first of the first wave guide grating
The size at end is matched with the face size of the second optical waveguide；
The width of the entity area from the first end of the entity area to the entity area second it is linear gradually
Become.
On the other hand, a kind of chip of light waveguide is provided, including coupler and the first light wave coupled with the coupler
It leads, the coupler is above-mentioned coupler.
The coupler that the embodiment of the present invention provides, wherein the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide are connected to one by coupler
It rises, and the size of the first end of entity area is matched with the face size of the first optical waveguide, the second end of entity area and the
The face size of the second end of one waveguide optical grating matches, the end face of the size of the first end of first wave guide grating and the second optical waveguide
Size matching；Since the width of entity area is from the first end of entity area to the second end linear gradient of entity area；Therefore,
The entity area of coupler can adjust the spot size of the first optical waveguide output in the horizontal direction to the hot spot of the second optical waveguide
Size is close, and the sandwich layer for having sandwich layer area of first wave guide grating and the refringence of covering can generate constraint to the transmission of light, but
The interstitial area of first wave guide grating is due to being that uniform dielectric light can be propagated in the trend of diverging, i.e., at horizontal and vertical two
The spot size that direction adjusts the output of the first optical waveguide is close to the spot size of the second optical waveguide, therefore coupling can be effectively reduced
Insertion loss when the optical waveguide signal coupling of clutch two sides.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram for chip of light waveguide that the embodiment of the present invention provides；
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural schematic diagram for coupler that the embodiment of the present invention provides；
Fig. 3 is a kind of structural representation of the first wave guide grating for coupler as shown in the figure that the embodiment of the present invention provides
Figure；
Fig. 4 a-g is the optical field distribution analogous diagram that the embodiment of the present invention provides；
Fig. 5 is that the light propagation in a kind of coupler that the embodiment of the present invention provides illustrates analogous diagram；
Fig. 6 is a kind of structural schematic diagram for coupler that another embodiment of the present invention provides；
Fig. 7 is a kind of structural schematic diagram for coupler that another embodiment of the present invention provides.
Appended drawing reference:
Coupler -1；
Optical waveguide -2；
Optical fiber -3；
Entity area -11；
The first end -111 of entity area；
The second end -112 of entity area；
First wave guide grating -12；
The first end -121 of first wave guide grating；
The second end -122 of first wave guide grating；
Second waveguide grating 13.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " center ", "left", "right", " vertical ", "horizontal" etc. refer to
The orientation or positional relationship shown is to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is merely for convenience of the description present invention and simplifies
Description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have a particular orientation, constructed and grasped with specific orientation
Make, in addition, in the embodiment of the present invention input terminal and output end be according to signal direction be defined, i.e., according to signal
Direction, one end of definition signal input are input terminal, and one end of definition signal output is output end, naturally it is also possible on principle
Other titles are defined, therefore are not considered as limiting the invention.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of chip of light waveguide, including coupler 1 and the first light coupled with coupler 1
Waveguide 2, referring to Fig.1 shown in, one end of coupler 1 is coupled with the first optical waveguide 2 of waveguide core on piece, coupler 1 it is another
End is coupled with the second optical waveguide 3.Wherein, chip of light waveguide is usually the signal processing unit of network end-point, is mainly used for
The processing such as the optical signal that one optical waveguide 2 receives further decoded, photoelectric conversion, or electric signal is passed through into coding, electricity
Light is converted to and is sent after optical signal by the first optical waveguide 2, and when optical signal is propagated in optical medium is based primarily upon mode and carries out
It distinguishes, due to the baseband signal processing unit in optical-fiber network end, is mainly based upon single mode optical signal and is handled, therefore, this
Scheme is mainly used in chip of light waveguide and is transmitted by monomode optical waveguide to single mode optical signal, in this application waveguide core
The generally planar chip of light waveguide of piece is monomode optical waveguide for the first optical waveguide 2 of signal transmission and the second optical waveguide 3,
In, coupler 1 and the first optical waveguide 2 usually can be with certain thickness same plane light waves when being located at waveguide core on piece
It leads and makes molding on medium, as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2 in this way, the top view cross section of the first optical waveguide 2 is usually the length with one fixed width
The top view cross section of bar shaped, coupler 1 is usually trapezoidal；Second optical waveguide 3 is used for 1 input optical signal of coupler or receives coupling
The optical signal that clutch 1 exports outward, therefore the second optical waveguide 3 is usually optical fiber, following embodiment is based on this and is illustrated.
Referring to shown in Fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of coupler 1, applied to above-mentioned chip of light waveguide, coupling
Connection of the device 1 for the first optical waveguide 2 and the second optical waveguide 3 includes entity area 11 and first wave guide grating 12；
The first end 111 of entity area 11 is coupled with the first optical waveguide 2；
The second end of entity area 11 is coupled with the second end 122 of 112 first wave guide gratings 12；
The first end 121 of first wave guide grating 12 is coupled with the second optical waveguide 3；
Wherein, the size of the first end 111 of entity area 11 is matched with the face size of optical waveguide 2, entity area 11
Second end 112 is matched with the face size of the second end 122 of first wave guide grating 12, the first end 121 of first wave guide grating 12
Width and optical fiber 3 diameter matches；
The width of entity area 11 from the first end 111 of entity area 11 to the second end 112 of entity area 11 it is linear gradually
Become.
The size of the first end 111 of entity area 11 is matched with the face size of the first optical waveguide 2 in above-described embodiment is
Refer to: the size of the first end 111 of entity area 11 is identical with the face size of the first optical waveguide 2 so as to entity area 11
First end 111 can couple completely with the end face of the first optical waveguide 2 or the size of the first end 111 of entity area 11 and the
The error of the face size of one optical waveguide 2 within a preset range to reduce the first end 111 and first of entity area 11 as far as possible
Bring insertion loss when the end coupling of optical waveguide 2；The second end 112 and first wave guide grating 12 of similar entity area 11
Second end 122 face size matching, refer to: the second end of the second end 112 of entity area 11 and first wave guide grating 12
The end of the second end 122 of the identical second end 112 and first wave guide grating 12 so as to entity area 11 of 122 face size
Face can couple completely or the face size of the second end 112 of entity area 11 and the second end 122 of first wave guide grating 12
Error within a preset range to reduce the second end 112 of entity area 11 and the second end of first wave guide grating 12 as far as possible
Bring insertion loss when 122 end coupling；The size of the first end 121 of first wave guide grating 12 and the second optical waveguide 3
Face size matching refers to: the complete phase of face size of the size of the first end 121 of first wave guide grating 12 and the second optical waveguide 3
Together, certainly, when the second optical waveguide 3 is round fiber, the width of the first end 121 of first wave guide grating 12 and the second optical waveguide 3
Diameter is identical or error within a preset range to reduce the first end 121 and the second light wave of first wave guide grating 12 as far as possible
Bring insertion loss when leading 3 coupling.
Wherein, first wave guide grating 12 contains at least one screen periods, wherein each screen periods are by an area Ge Youxin
It is formed with an interstitial area, as shown in figure 3, screen periods T includes region A and B, region A is the area You Xin, and region B is interstitial area,
Wherein the length of region A and screen periods T is than the duty ratio for screen periods T；Wherein, the structure of region A and entity area 11
It is similar, including the covering outside sandwich layer and sandwich layer, the light of the refringence constraint A conduction formed between center core layer and covering
, region B be uniform optical medium to light field without constraint, light field is isotropic critical dimensions in region B.
The coupler that the embodiment of the present invention provides, wherein the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide are connected to one by coupler
It rises, and the size of the first end of entity area is matched with the face size of the first optical waveguide, the second end of entity area and the
The face size of the second end of one waveguide optical grating matches, the end face of the size of the first end of first wave guide grating and the second optical waveguide
Size matching；Since the width of entity area is from the first end of entity area to the second end linear gradient of entity area；Therefore,
The entity area of coupler can adjust the spot size of the first optical waveguide output in the horizontal direction to the hot spot of the second optical waveguide
Size is close, and the sandwich layer for having sandwich layer area of first wave guide grating and the refringence of covering can generate constraint to the transmission of light, but
The interstitial area of first wave guide grating is due to being that uniform dielectric light can be propagated in the trend of diverging, i.e., at horizontal and vertical two
The spot size that direction adjusts the output of the first optical waveguide is close to the spot size of the second optical waveguide, therefore coupling can be effectively reduced
Insertion loss when the optical waveguide signal coupling of clutch two sides.
Simultaneously as the width of entity area 11 is from the first end 111 of entity area 11 to the second end of entity area 11
112 linear gradients；As shown in Fig. 2, being monomode optical waveguide with the first optical waveguide 2, the second optical waveguide is illustrated for optical fiber, due to
The right end of entity area 11 is connected with monomode optical waveguide, after light field enters this entity area 11 from monomode optical waveguide, due to
The width of entity area 11 becomes larger, and the constraint that light field is subject in the horizontal direction can gradually die down, and the size of hot spot is along horizontal
Direction also becomes larger, and entity area 11 is identical as the thickness of the first optical waveguide 2, and the size of hot spot does not occur vertically
Variation.Therefore, the effect of entity area 11 is that the hot spot of monomode optical waveguide is extended in the horizontal direction, to the spot size of optical fiber
It is close, as shown in Fig. 2, the monomode optical waveguide sectional dimension in chip of light waveguide is usually less than optical fiber due under normal conditions
Sectional dimension cannot be understood merely as the area of section that monomode optical waveguide area of section is less than optical fiber, it is also understood that being here
Monomode optical waveguide cross sectional shape size is located in the circular section shape of optical fiber, therefore provides a kind of width in example physical region 11
Degree reduces from the first end 111 of entity area 11 to 112 dimension linear of second end of entity area 111, SW < NW in diagram.
Furthermore, it is to be appreciated that first wave guide grating includes at least a screen periods, but due to a grating week
Phase is limited to the adjustment capability of spot size, therefore provides a kind of preferred embodiment are as follows: first wave guide grating 12 includes preset quantity
Screen periods, each screen periods have sandwich layer and interstitial area arranged in parallel, as shown in Fig. 2, each on first wave guide grating 12
The length ratio (i.e. the duty ratio of first wave guide grating) of the length in the area a screen periods Zhong Youxin and interstitial area is from first wave guide
The first end 121 of grating 12 is to 122 linear gradient of second end of first wave guide grating 12, and wherein the duty ratio of screen periods refers to
The ratio for thering is the length of sandwich layer to occupy in the screen periods of place in one screen periods.Above in first wave guide grating 12
The length of each screen periods with no restrictions, but is usually to be made by photo-etching processes due to making grating, due to production
The grating of different cycles needs to design the mask plate of different cycles in exposure technology, therefore will increase design complexities, in order to
Reduce design complexities, it is a kind of Preferable scheme is that: the equal length of each screen periods on first wave guide grating 12.
A kind of example is provided, the left end of first wave guide grating 12 is connected with the second optical waveguide 3, first wave guide grating 12
Right end is connected with the entity area 11 of coupler.First wave guide grating 12 is made of several screen periods, and first wave is guide-lighting
The length ratio of the length in the area each screen periods Zhong Youxin and interstitial area is from the first end of first wave guide grating on grid 12
The linear increase of the second of one waveguide optical grating, for example, there is 15 screen periods in Fig. 3.In entire first wave guide grating 12,
The width of each screen periods be it is consistent, width is SW.The length of each screen periods is also consistent, and cycle length is T.Often
The duty ratio of a screen periods be it is inconsistent, i.e., the value of A/T is inconsistent.There is provided a kind of example is: first wave guide grating
Its largest duty cycle of that period of 12 right end, that period of the left end of first wave guide grating 12 its duty ratio most
It is small.The duty ratio in each period linearly gradually becomes smaller from right to left.In the first wave guide grating 12 of coupler, light field is having sandwich layer
Propagation zone (i.e. as shown in figure 3, the area A) in each period when propagating, since waveguide has the presence of sandwich layer, the existing level of light field
The constraint in direction also has the constraint of vertical direction.When the propagation zone (interstitial area in i.e. each period) of no sandwich layer is propagated, light field
It is actually propagated in the uniform dielectric of no any constraint, in the propagation zone for having sandwich layer, optical field distribution be can be approximated to be
Gaussian Profile, and when Gaussian Profile field is propagated in uniform dielectric, it gradually dissipates, that is to say, that the hot spot of light field is in water
Square to and vertical direction all become larger.In design optimization, by the variation for controlling each screen periods duty ratio
To control the extension and contraction of hot spot in vertical direction.It is passed through in the propagation of the entire first wave guide grating 12 of coupler, light field
Having gone through periodically has constraint and without constraint.Intermittent no constraint makes hot spot in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction
Extended.A kind of example is: the duty ratio of each screen periods is from first wave guide grating 12 on first wave guide grating 12
First end 121 increases to the second linear 122 of first wave guide grating 12, wherein each screen periods on first wave guide grating 12
Equal length, since duty ratio is variation from big to small, the extended amplitude of hot spot in vertical direction is from small to large
Variation, closer to the second optical waveguide 3, extended amplitude is bigger.And to the expansion of spot size in horizontal direction in entire coupler
Stent degree includes the extended amplitude and entire 12 nothing of first wave guide grating of entity area 11 in the horizontal direction to spot size
Extended amplitude of the constraint to spot size in the horizontal direction.
Fig. 4 a-g is the optical field distribution analogous diagram that the embodiment of the present invention provides.Wherein, Fig. 4 a shows monomode optical waveguide
Optical field distribution figure, Fig. 4 g shows the optical field distribution figure after optical fiber to waveguide coupler in optical fiber.Fig. 4 b, 4c are shown
Optical field distribution figure in coupler internal entity region 11 at two sampling propagation distances, obviously passes through entity area relative to Fig. 4 a
Spot size is extended in the horizontal direction behind domain 11.Fig. 4 d, 4e and 4f show first wave guide grating inside coupler
Optical field distribution figure in 12 at three sampling propagation distances, after obviously passing through first wave guide grating 12 relative to Fig. 4 a, 4b and 4c
The extended amplitude of spot size in vertical direction is variation from small to large, and furthermore spot size also has slightly in the horizontal direction
Extension.Furthermore Fig. 4 a-g, since entity area 11 only extends spot size in the horizontal direction, single-mode optics are combined
The light beam of waveguide output is after through entity area 11, and hot spot is class ellipse, and spot diameter is less than in water in vertical direction
Square upward spot diameter, therefore the angle of divergence of light beam in vertical direction is greater than the angle of divergence in the horizontal direction, so
For light beam after entering first wave guide grating 12, the divergence speed of hot spot in vertical direction is greater than diverging in the horizontal direction
Speed, therefore light beam be by the way that after first wave guide grating 12, hot spot will be gradually changed into similar round by class ellipse, certainly due to
When passing through first wave guide grating 12, the spot diameter of vertical direction becomes larger light beam, the diverging of light beam in vertical direction
Angle gradually becomes smaller, therefore the divergence speed of light beam in vertical direction is also gradually slack-off, and light beam is in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction
On the angle of divergence and divergence speed tend to be identical, spot size moves closer to the spot size of optical fiber mode fields.And passing through first
After waveguide optical grating 12, if the spot size of light beam is closer to the spot size of optical fiber mode fields, optical waveguide and fiber coupling
Insertion loss it is lower.
Fig. 5 shows the light propagation analogous diagram in the coupler of entire optical fiber to optical waveguide.The picture rightmost side is to connect
Monomode optical waveguide is connect, the picture leftmost side is connection optical fiber.It can be seen from light propagation Fig. 5 11 light field of entity area always
It is propagated in the form of single mode, in first wave guide grating 12, due to the presence of interstitial area, light field, which is presented, periodically has constraint and without about
Beam form is propagated.
Specifically, the insertion loss between optical fiber and monomode optical waveguide is mainly the sandwich layer by the two in the above-described embodiments
Caused by difference with the refringence of covering, light refringence of sandwich layer and covering in optical waveguide Propagation drops
Low meeting is so that the spot size of optical mode field increases.And the refringence of monomode optical waveguide is much larger than the refringence of optical fiber, therefore
As long as the difference of the two can be reduced, insertion loss between the two can be reduced.The first wave guide grating 12 of coupler rises just
This effect is arrived.Specifically, in each screen periods of first wave guide grating 12, there is the effective refractive index in sandwich layer area
It is equal to the effective refractive index of entity area 11, and the effective refractive index of interstitial area is exactly the refractive index of monomode optical waveguide covering,
The effective refractive index of one screen periods is the weighted average of the two, as a result, between the effective refractive index of entity area 11
Between the effective refractive index of optical fiber.The duty ratio of screen periods is smaller, and the effective refractive index of the screen periods is with regard to closer
In the effective refractive index of optical fiber.The present invention exactly descendingly changes the duty ratio of screen periods each in grating region, makes
The effective refractive index of entire coupler first wave guide grating 12 and then reduces insertion damage close to the effective refractive index of optical fiber
Consumption.It is embodied in spot size, light is in grating due to the presence of sandwich layer and cladding index difference, luminous energy when having the propagation of sandwich layer area
Preferably it is constrained on the propagation of core area；And light interstitial area propagate when, due to be uniform dielectric area propagate, light beam will in diverging
Trend propagate.In a cycle of grating region, the duty ratio in period is smaller, which gets over the effect of contraction of light propagation
It is small, in this way, hot spot more tends to divergence expression propagation, that is, hot spot of the size of hot spot just closer to optical fiber eigen mode is big
It is small.By optimizing screen periods number, cycle length, the starting of duty ratio and the stop value of first wave guide grating 12, can make
The insertion loss of entire optical fiber to waveguide coupler is greatly reduced.Coupler uses planar technology in design of the invention, to flat
The manufacture craft of face optical waveguide does not propose new requirement, therefore, more with practical value.
Further, referring to shown in Fig. 6, coupler of the invention further include: second waveguide grating 13, second waveguide grating
13 are set between 12 first end 121 of first wave guide grating and the second optical waveguide 3；
Wherein, the equal length and duty ratio of each screen periods are equal on second waveguide grating 13.Optionally, the second wave
The length of guide grating 13 is greater than or equal to the worst error range of grating grinding technics precision.
Planar optical waveguide chip is to be obtained from wafer by cutting and grinding this two procedures.Sequence is after first cutting
Grinding.After grinding, the coupler that obtains the planar optical waveguide for meeting design size and coupled with planar optical waveguide.Practical behaviour
In work, since grinding has precision limitation, it is impossible to obtain and the duplicate planar optical waveguide chip of design size.Optical fiber and coupling
The connection of clutch is located exactly at the input and output port of planar optical waveguide chip, and the error of grinding will affect optical fiber to coupler
Performance.For example, several periodic optical gratings of the first wave guide grating region 12 of coupler will be ground if overgrinding
Fall, this will will affect the insertion loss of coupler；If grinding is not in place, 12 nothing of first wave guide grating region of coupler will lead to
Method is directly connected with optical fiber, this will seriously affect the coupling efficiency of optical fiber to coupler.
To solve the above problems, providing the insensitive coupler design structure of a kind of pair of grinding precision referring to shown in Fig. 6 and showing
It is intended to.Coupler further includes the second waveguide grating 13 being set between 12 first end 121 of first wave guide grating and optical fiber 3.The
Two waveguide optical gratings 13 are made of several screen periods, and the length of each screen periods is consistent, duty ratio is consistent, duct width
Unanimously.The total length of second waveguide grating 13 is determined by grinding error.In design plane chip of light waveguide, by entire chip
Left margin (left margin as shown in the figure) is placed in the central location of second waveguide grating 13.Based on such design concept, second
The total length of waveguide optical grating 13 is equal to the range absolute value of grinding error.For example, grinding error is +/- 100 microns, then,
The total length of even grating region is 200 microns.It should ensure that the length of second waveguide grating 13 is ground more than or equal to grating in design
The worst error range of grinding process precision.
The equivalent width of the duct width first wave guide grating 12 of second waveguide grating 13, i.e. SW.Second waveguide grating 13
Screen periods and duty ratio, can make grind error on optical fiber to coupler insertion loss bring influence minimize.The
The optimal design of two waveguide optical gratings 13 is, after grinding, regardless of remaining uniform grating number of cycles is more or is lacked, passes through
The insertion loss of optical fiber to coupler should be basically unchanged after remaining uniform grating number of cycles.Specifically include following three kinds of feelings
Condition, 1) be ground to zero error, i.e., after grinding, the left margin of planar optical waveguide chip is exactly design value, at this time the second wave
Guide grating 13 has the length of half to be milled away；2) overgrinding and reach the maximum value of grinding precision, i.e., after grinding, put down
The left margin of face chip of light waveguide is located exactly at the first end 121 of second waveguide grating 13 Yu first wave guide grating 12, and at this time
Two waveguide optical grating 13 is all milled away；3) grind maximum value not in place and reaching grinding precision, i.e., after grinding, plane
The left end of the left margin of chip of light waveguide uniform second waveguide grating 13 just, second waveguide grating 13 is all protected at this time
It stays.Three cases above either which kind of, the variation of the insertion loss of entire optical fiber to waveguide coupler is all little.Furthermore optional
, as shown in fig. 7, the thickness h of coupler everywhere is equal with the thickness H of optical waveguide.It is limited to the manufacture craft of chip of light waveguide, coupling
The production of clutch and optical waveguide are formed on same wafer using planar technology, and the thickness of coupler is matched with optical waveguide,
Since the thickness of coupler and when optical waveguide difference can introduce new insertion loss, there is no need to make specially treated.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
Those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can easily think of the change or the replacement, and should all contain
Lid is within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the described claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of coupler, the coupler is used for the connection of the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide, which is characterized in that including reality
Body region and first wave guide grating；
The first end of the entity area and first optical waveguide coupled；
The second end of the entity area is coupled with the second end of the first wave guide grating；
The first end of the first wave guide grating and second optical waveguide coupled；
Wherein, the size of the first end of the entity area is matched with the face size of first optical waveguide, the entity area
The second end in domain is matched with the face size of the second end of the first wave guide grating, the first end of the first wave guide grating
Size is matched with the face size of the second optical waveguide；
The width of the entity area is from the first end of the entity area to the second end linear gradient of the entity area；
The first wave guide grating includes the screen periods of preset quantity, and each screen periods include that an interstitial area and one have
Core area, the length ratio of the length in the area each screen periods Zhong Youxin and interstitial area is from described first on the first wave guide grating
Second end linear gradient of the first end of waveguide optical grating to the first wave guide grating.
2. coupler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the interstitial area is uniform optical medium, the area You Xin
Including sandwich layer and the covering for being enclosed in the sandwich layer periphery.
3. coupler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that have in each screen periods on the first wave guide grating
The length ratio of the length in core area and interstitial area is from the first end of the first wave guide grating to the of the first wave guide grating
Two linear increases.
4. coupler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the length of each screen periods on the first wave guide grating
It spends equal.
5. coupler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the coupler further include: second waveguide grating, it is described
Second waveguide grating is set between the first end and the second optical waveguide of the first wave guide grating；
Wherein, the equal length of each screen periods and the length in the area each screen periods Zhong Youxin on the second waveguide grating
It is equal with the length ratio of interstitial area.
6. coupler according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the length of the second waveguide grating is greater than or equal to light
The worst error range of grid grinding technics precision.
7. described in any item couplers according to claim 1~6, which is characterized in that the width of the entity area is described in
The first end of entity area reduces to the second end dimension linear of the entity area.
8. described in any item couplers according to claim 1~6, which is characterized in that coupler thickness everywhere and institute
The thickness for stating optical waveguide is equal.
9. coupler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first wave guide grating is Bragg grating.
10. a kind of chip of light waveguide, which is characterized in that including coupler and the first optical waveguide coupled with the coupler, institute
Stating coupler is the described in any item couplers of claim 1-9.
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| CN201510145773.3A CN106154412B (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2015-03-30 | The chip of light waveguide of coupler and the application coupler |
| US14/981,420 US9645320B2 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2015-12-28 | Coupler and optical waveguide chip applying the coupler |
| US15/467,044 US9971098B2 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2017-03-23 | Coupler and optical waveguide chip applying the coupler |
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| CN201510145773.3A CN106154412B (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2015-03-30 | The chip of light waveguide of coupler and the application coupler |
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| WO2018195347A1 (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2018-10-25 | Luxtera, Inc. | Method and system for two-dimensional mode-matching grating couplers |
| CN108398753A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-08-14 | 上海瑞柯恩激光技术有限公司 | Fibre-optical splice and Medical Devices |
| CN109343176B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-10-27 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | Polarization converter and corresponding mixer |
| CN109655969A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-19 | 华为技术有限公司 | Waveguide core layer, spot-size converter, silicon optical device and optical communication equipment |
| CN111580216A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-08-25 | 山东明灿光电科技有限公司 | Planar optical waveguide chip and waveguide type single-mode fiber laser |
| CN114545551B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2024-09-20 | 深南电路股份有限公司 | Polymer waveguide and electronic equipment |
| CN114578481B (en) * | 2020-11-28 | 2023-07-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Module spot conversion device and related method |
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