CN106153475B

CN106153475B - A kind of shearing test device and shearing test method of soil body shear band

Info

Publication number: CN106153475B
Application number: CN201610458868.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李晓军; 王晓华; 李洁梁; 李�昊
Original assignee: Xian University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Xi'an Xinxue Traffic Geological Engineering Co ltd
Priority date: 2016-06-22
Filing date: 2016-06-22
Publication date: 2018-11-06
Anticipated expiration: 2036-06-22
Also published as: CN106153475A

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of shearing test devices and shearing test method of soil body shear band, the shearing test device includes the shearing clamp and vertical loading device that the sampling spoon of built-in tested soil sample is clamped, shearing clamp includes upper fixture and lower fixture, and upper fixture is assembled by three upper grip blocks；Lower fixture includes lower-left grip block and bottom right grip block, and there are movable passageways between lower-left grip block and bottom right grip block；The shearing test method includes step：One, it samples；Two, shearing test and Soil Microstructure image obtain：Sampling spoon and soil sample clamping, solidify liquid instillation, the truncation of soil sample bottom, soil sample support top, soil sample top truncation, the interior soil body sample taking-up of shearing seam, shear soil body sample following process and electron-microscope scanning in seam at shearing test.Reasonable design of the present invention realizes that convenient and using effect is good, can it is easy, the soil sample shearing test process of soil body shear band is rapidly completed, and Soil Microstructure can accurately be analyzed.

Description

A kind of shearing test device and shearing test method of soil body shear band

Technical field

The invention belongs to Geotechnical Engineering fields, a kind of shearing test device more particularly, to soil body shear band and cut Cut test method.

Background technology

In recent years, mankind's activity is more strong to the transformation of natural environment.Human dried bloodstains have caused many geology calamities Evil causes huge injury to the people's lives and property.Wherein, the slope instability that mankind's activity induces is the most serious, and studies The emphasis of slope instability is that deformation and the expansion process of research soil body shear band.Shear band refers to development in lithosphere or soil In body and the strong deformation band with shear strain, the shear band developed in the soil body are soil body shear band.This Zona transformans can be with The discontinuous planar structure (tomography) of strain, or appear can not see geometric discontinuity on scale and in continuously straining Ductile shear belt.Research shows that the formation of shear band and the softening properties of material itself are closely related.The soil body inside make by outer geology Under, formalness or internal structure generate partial fracture, and deformation is gradually concentrated in the shear band of relative narrowness, and further Extension forms the slip-crack surface continuously penetrated through, ultimately forms landslide.As people understand landslide failure in depth, researchers are logical Various methods are crossed to study the expansion process of the band that comes down during landslide failure (also referred to as soil body shear band).Nowadays, The problem on deformation of soil body shear band has become an important topic of rock-soil mechanics area research.

Currently, when carrying out shearing test for soil body shear band, used test method mainly has CT visualization scannings Method, triaxial test and digital observation combined techniques etc., corresponding used test apparatus mainly have direct shear apparatus, triaxial compression test dress Set with tensilometer etc., but above-mentioned test method is only capable of solving the local problem of Rock And Soil internal shear band with experimental rig, and Have that apparatus structure is complicated, experimentation cost is high, experiment process is cumbersome, poor operability, test effect are poor to some extent The problems such as, most importantly cannot it is easy, quickly and accurately the Soil Microstructure of shear band is analyzed, to cannot Soil Microstructure is understood to the affecting laws of soil body shear band macro manifestations, can not establish the microcosmic knot of the soil body of soil body shear band Contacting between structure characteristic and its macro manifestations.

Invention content

In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that providing a kind of soil body shearing The shearing test device of band, simple structure and reasonable design and processing and fabricating and it is easy to use, using effect is good, pass through The sampling spoon of built-in tested soil sample is directly clamped in upper fixture and lower fixture, and energy is easy, soil sample shearing test is rapidly completed.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of shearing test dress of soil body shear band It sets, it is characterised in that：Include the shearing clamp that the sampling spoon of built-in tested soil sample is clamped and is located at the shearing Vertical loading device above fixture, the tested soil sample are cut using sampling spoon from soil body shear band to be tested Soil sample；The shearing clamp includes upper fixture and the lower fixture immediately below the upper fixture, the tested soil sample clamping Between the upper fixture and the lower fixture；The upper grip block that the upper fixture is laid from left to right by three is assembled, Three upper grip blocks by a left side to it is rear be respectively upper left grip block, in upper grip block and upper right grip block；The lower fixture packet Include the lower-left grip block below the grip block of upper left and the bottom right grip block below upper right grip block, the lower-left clamping There are the movable passageway moved down for being tested the middle part soil body of soil sample between block and bottom right grip block, upper grip block in described Bottom be provided with the top pushing tow boss that can be stretched to inside sampling spoon；The vertical loading device upper grip block in being located at Surface.

A kind of shearing test device of above-mentioned soil body shear band, it is characterized in that：The width of the upper fixture and the lower fixture Degree is not in the internal diameter of sampling spoon, and the width of upper grip block is less than the internal diameter of sampling spoon in described.

A kind of shearing test device of above-mentioned soil body shear band, it is characterized in that：The lower fixture further includes being located at lower-left to press from both sides Lower grip block, the lower-left grip block are located at the underface of upper left grip block, the right side in holding between block and bottom right grip block Lower grip block is located at the underface of upper right grip block, the underface of lower grip block upper grip block in being located in described；

The upper left grip block, in upper grip block, upper right grip block, lower-left grip block, it is described in lower grip block and bottom right Grip block is in horizontal layout；The upper left grip block is identical with the height of upper right grip block, the height of upper grip block in described Not less than the height of upper left grip block；The lower-left grip block, it is described in lower grip block and bottom right grip block height all same, Lower grip block includes the upper clamp block that can be moved up and down between lower-left grip block and bottom right grip block in described；

Between the upper left grip block and lower-left grip block, in it is upper between grip block and upper clamp block and upper right clamping It is attached by vertically connecting bolt between block and bottom right grip block.

A kind of shearing test device of above-mentioned soil body shear band, it is characterized in that：The upper left grip block, in upper grip block, Upper right grip block, lower-left grip block, it is described in lower grip block and bottom right grip block be cuboid；The upper left grip block, in The bottom surface of upper grip block and upper right grip block is horizontal plane, the lower-left grip block, it is described in lower grip block and bottom right clamping The top surface of block is horizontal plane.

A kind of shearing test device of above-mentioned soil body shear band, it is characterized in that：The lower fixture is spacer-type fixture or convex Table clamp；

The spacer-type fixture further include three respectively pad mounted in lower-left grip block, it is described in lower grip block and bottom right clamping The top of block and the cushion block inside sampling spoon can be stretched to, three cushion blocks are spliced to form a round pie bed course, described The diameter of round pie bed course is identical as the internal diameter of sampling spoon；

Lower-left grip block in the projective table type fixture, it is described in the top of lower grip block and bottom right grip block be respectively set one A lower part pushing tow boss that can be stretched in sampling spoon, three lower part pushing tow boss are assemblied to form one to tested soil Sample carries out the cylindrical Zhi Dingtai of upward support top, and the diameter of the cylinder Zhi Dingtai is identical as the internal diameter of sampling spoon.

A kind of shearing test device of above-mentioned soil body shear band, it is characterized in that：The upper left grip block and lower-left grip block It is of same size, in described upper grip block and it is described in lower grip block of same size, and upper right grip block and bottom right grip block It is of same size；The bottom of the upper fixture is provided with the round card holding trough clamped for sampling spoon top, the top of the lower fixture Portion is provided with the round card holding trough clamped for sampling spoon bottom.

Meanwhile a kind of the invention also discloses method and steps simple, reasonable design and realizing soil convenient, that using effect is good Body shear band shearing test method, which is characterized in that this approach includes the following steps：

Step 1: sampling：Tested soil sample is cut from soil body shear band to be tested using sampling spoon；

The tested soil sample is that cylindric and its upper and lower surface is plane；

Step 2: shearing test and Soil Microstructure image obtain, process is as follows：

Step 201, sampling spoon and soil sample clamping：The sampling spoon level of built-in tested soil sample is held on described Between fixture and the lower fixture, and make the underface for being tested upper grip block during soil sample is located at；At this point, the tested soil sample Upper surface be in horizontal layout, and the upper surface of tested soil sample is face to be tested；

Step 202, shearing test：Grip block is gone up using the vertical loading device and in passing through to described in step 201 Tested soil sample applies vertical pressure, makes tested soil sample that failure by shear occur, and the shearing that tested soil sample is calculated is strong Degree；

After failure by shear occurs, the middle part soil body of the tested soil sample moves down and soil body and the left and right sides soil body in the middle part of it Between be respectively formed one of shearing seam；

Step 203, solidify liquid instill：Prepared solidify liquid in advance is instilled into shearing seam described in twice in step 202 Inside upper part cures the soil body of the shearing seam inside upper part by the solidify liquid, and the soil body after solidification is shearing Cure the soil body in seam；

The solidify liquid is by epoxy resin, acetone, ethylenediamine and dibutyl phthalate according to 100 ︰ (130~170) ︰ (volume ratio of 6~8) ︰ (1.8~2.2) is uniformly mixed；

Step 204, the truncation of soil sample bottom：Cutting tool and the bottom surface along sampling spoon are sampled, to being tested soil sample bottom Carry out truncation；

Step 205, soil sample support top：After the soil body solidification of the shearing seam inside upper part, it will be tested using support top tool Soil sample is tried along the upward support top of sampling spoon, until shearing the solidification soil body in the shearing seam of seam described in twice moves to sampling ring On the outside of knife；

Truncation at the top of step 206, soil sample：Cutting tool and the top surface along sampling spoon are sampled, at the top of tested soil sample Carry out truncation；

Soil body sample is taken out in step 207, shearing seam：From the soil body cut down in step 206, the shearing is taken out The solidification soil body is as soil body sample in shearing seam in seam；

Soil body sample following process in step 208, shearing seam：Soil body sample in shearing seam described in step 207 is waited for Test surfaces are cut, are polished and polishing treatment, and soil body inspection surface is obtained；

Step 209, electron-microscope scanning：Soil body inspection surface described in step 208 is scanned using scanning electron microscope, and is obtained The electron-microscope scanning image of the soil body inspection surface.

The above method, it is characterized in that：When carrying out solidify liquid instillation in step 203, the solidify liquid is dripped dropwise with dropper To the inside upper part of the shearing seam, until dripped solidify liquid is completely covered the shearing and sews on portion；It is sheared described in step 203 The height of the solidification soil body is 1mm~5mm in seam；

In step 205 when support top using support top tool that tested soil sample is upward along sampling spoon, branch heights of roofs is not less than The height of the solidification soil body in shearing seam described in step 203.

The above method, it is characterized in that：The shear strength for the tested soil sample being calculated in step 202 is in step 201 The shear strength of soil sample, the electricity of the soil body inspection surface obtained in step 209 are tested at the face present position to be tested Scarnning mirror image is soil body electron-microscope scanning figure in the shearing seam for be tested at face present position to be tested described in step 201 soil sample Picture；

After the completion of soil sample top horizontal is cut in step 206, the upper surface of the tested soil sample is plane, and is tested at this time The upper surface of soil sample is next face to be tested；

It, need to also be according to the method described in step 2, to being tested the next of soil sample in step 209 after the completion of electron-microscope scanning A face to be tested carries out shearing test and Soil Microstructure image obtains.

The above method, it is characterized in that：After the completion of being sampled in step 1, the depth selection according to sampling spoon is also needed, to quilt Depth of the soil sample upper surface on the soil body shear band to be tested is tested to be determined；

The quantity that face to be tested described in soil sample is tested described in step 1 is N number of, and wherein N is positive integer and N >=2；N A face to be tested is from top to bottom laid and the face to be tested in N number of face to be tested positioned at topmost is waited for for top Test surfaces, the N-1 faces to be tested in N number of face to be tested in addition to the face to be tested of the top be that lower part is waited for Test surfaces；

It in step 209 after the completion of electron-microscope scanning, also needs to repeat step 2 N-1 times, until completing to be tested N number of institute in soil sample State the shearing test and Soil Microstructure image acquisition procedures in face to be tested；

Shearing test and Soil Microstructure figure are carried out to any of tested soil sample lower part face to be tested As before obtaining, being both needed to according to tested depth of the soil sample upper surface on the soil body shear band to be tested described in step 1 Degree, and combination carries out shearing test to each face to be tested above the face to be tested of the lower part and Soil Microstructure image obtains Use support top tool by tested soil sample along the branch heights of roofs of the upward support top of sampling spoon during taking in step 205, under this Depth of the portion face to be tested on the soil body shear band to be tested is determined；

The shearing test and Soil Microstructure image acquisition procedures in N number of face to be tested are equal in the tested soil sample After the completion, the shear strength on the soil body shear band to be tested at N number of different depth is obtained, and obtains the soil body to be tested Soil body electron-microscope scanning image in shearing seam on shear band at N number of different depth.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：

1, used shearing test device is simple in structure and processing and fabricating is easy, and input cost is relatively low.Meanwhile the shearing Experimental rig is convenient for disassembly and assembly, light small and exquisite, and is easy to mass production, can be repeated as many times and use.

2, used shearing test device reasonable design includes that the sampling spoon of built-in tested soil sample is clamped Shearing clamp and the vertical loading device above shearing clamp, shearing clamp include upper fixture and lower fixture, upper fixture The upper grip block laid from left to right by three is assembled, three upper grip blocks by a left side to it is rear be respectively upper left grip block, in Upper grip block and upper right grip block；Lower fixture includes lower-left grip block and bottom right grip block, lower-left grip block and bottom right grip block Between there are the movable passageways that move down of the middle part soil body for being tested soil sample.

3, used shearing clamp can intuitively be observed the soil body and be sheared by organic glass or resin material machine-shaping Journey.Also, used shearing clamp is spliced by multiple grip blocks, and occupation mode is flexible, is assembled easy and is replaced conveniently, It easy can store, occupy little space after dismantling simultaneously.

4, used shearing clamp is unlimited to the specification for being tested soil sample, and tested soil sample is synchronized together with sampling spoon It is clamped, can be suitably used for the shearing test process that plurality of specifications is tested soil sample, simple in structure, easy for installation and input cost Low, easy to operate during use and practical value is high, pollution-free, small to surrounding environment influence, and when testing pressure by erecting It is directly read to the device for measuring force of loading device, it is easy, accurate, and can effectively solve loose earth shear strength and be difficult to survey The problem of amount, popularizing application prospect are extensive.

5, used shearing test device is easy to use and using effect is good, direct by upper fixture and lower fixture The sampling spoon of built-in tested soil sample is clamped, it, can be easy, quickly complete without doing any processing to tested soil sample before experiment At soil sample shearing test.

6, used shearing test device testing efficiency is high and test result is accurate, and test process is easily controllable.

7, used shearing test method step is simple, reasonable design and realization are convenient, operability is strong, experimentation cost It is relatively low, using effect is good, test method is flexible, according to actual needs, can be carried out to the same tested soil sample one or many Shearing test should be able to mutually obtain the shearing test at tested soil sample different height as a result, in conjunction with multiple shearing test result energy It obtains the shear extension process of tested soil sample from top to bottom, creatively proposes a kind of shear band expansion process test method, Realize that easy and using effect is good.Shearing test process includes mainly sampling spoon and soil sample clamping, shearing test, consolidates Change drop enters, the truncation of soil sample bottom, soil sample support top, soil sample top truncation, the interior soil body sample taking-up of shearing seam, shears the soil body in seam Nine steps of sample following process and electron-microscope scanning realize that easy and using effect is good, and shearing test process is easily controllable.

8, twice shearing seam is formed after carrying out shearing test using shearing test device, then using solidify liquid in shearing seam The soil body is cured, and realizes that easy and using effect is good, will not damage soil sample internal structure, and the shearing seam obtained after curing Interior soil body sample can really reflect the practical structures of the soil body in shearing seam.

9, used shearing test method energy simplicity, quick obtaining are tested cutting at different depth in soil body shear band Microstructure at shearing stress and clipped position, can observe under macroscopic conditions and the difference for analyzing tested soil body shear band is deep Soil Microstructure under degree, analysis result accurately have evidence, and can be used for the simulation of soil body shear band expansion process.Using this hair The bright shear strength that can be measured at soil body shear band different depth, and the soil body that can be studied at soil body shear band different depth is micro- Structure is seen, so as to obtain the expansion process of soil body shear band, and can be to the change of microstructure in soil body shear band expansion process Change situation and carries out accurate, quickly research.Thus, it is easy, quickly and accurately microcosmic to the soil body of shear band using energy of the invention Structure is analyzed, to will appreciate that affecting laws of the Soil Microstructure to soil body shear band macro manifestations of stratum granulosum time, And contacting between the Soil Microstructure characteristic of soil body shear band and its macro manifestations is accordingly established, and can accurately obtain the soil body The formation rule of shear band.

10, applied widely, it can effectively be applicable in the shearing test process of the soil bodys shear bands such as loess, weak soil, landslide slip.

In conclusion reasonable design of the present invention, realize that convenient and input cost is relatively low, the time used is short, using effect is good, Energy is easy, the soil sample shearing test process of soil body shear band is rapidly completed, and can accurately be analyzed Soil Microstructure.

Below by drawings and examples, technical scheme of the present invention will be described in further detail.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of cutting test device in the embodiment of the present invention 1.

Fig. 2 is the use state reference chart of shearing clamp in the embodiment of the present invention 1.

Fig. 2-1 is the structural schematic diagram of upper grip block in the present invention.

Fig. 2-2 is the left view of Fig. 2-1.

Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional views of Fig. 2.

Fig. 3-1 is before the present invention pushes the next face to be tested for being tested soil sample using vertical loading device Trystate reference chart.

Fig. 4 for the used shearing test method of the present invention flow diagram.

Fig. 5 is the use state reference chart of shearing clamp in the embodiment of the present invention 2.

Fig. 6 is the use state reference chart of shearing clamp in the embodiment of the present invention 3.

Fig. 7 is the A-A sectional views of Fig. 6.

Fig. 7-1 is the structural schematic diagram of lower-left grip block of the present invention.

Fig. 7-2 is the left view of Fig. 7-1.

Fig. 7-3 is the structural schematic diagram of upper clamp block of the present invention.

Fig. 7-4 is the left view of Fig. 7-3.

Fig. 7-5 is the structural schematic diagram of bottom right grip block of the present invention.

Fig. 7-6 is the left view of Fig. 7-5.

Fig. 8-1 is using vertical loading device in the embodiment of the present invention 3 to being tested the experiment shape after soil sample pushes State reference chart.

Fig. 8-2 be the embodiment of the present invention 3 in using vertical loading device to be tested soil sample next face to be tested into Trystate reference chart before row pushing.

Fig. 8-3 be the embodiment of the present invention 3 in using vertical loading device to be tested soil sample next face to be tested into Trystate reference chart after row pushing.

Reference sign:

1-tested soil sample；2-sampling spoons；3-upper left grip blocks；

Upper grip block in 4-；4-1-top pushing tow boss；5-upper right grip blocks；

6-lower-left grip blocks；7-upper clamp blocks；8-bottom right grip blocks；

9-pad dress blocks；10-vertically connect bolt；11-hydraulic jacks；

12-stop collars；13-cushion blocks；14-lower part pushing tow boss.

Specific implementation mode

Embodiment 1

A kind of shearing test device of soil body shear band as shown in Figure 1 includes the sampling ring to built-in tested soil sample 1 The shearing clamp and the vertical loading device above the shearing clamp that knife 2 is clamped, the tested soil sample 1 are to adopt The soil sample cut from soil body shear band to be tested with sampling spoon 2；In conjunction with Fig. 2, Fig. 2-1, Fig. 2-2 and Fig. 3, the shearing folder Tool includes upper fixture and the lower fixture immediately below the upper fixture, the tested soil sample 1 be held on the upper fixture with Between the lower fixture；The upper grip block that the upper fixture is laid from left to right by three is assembled, three upper clampings Block by a left side to it is rear be respectively upper left grip block 3, in upper grip block 4 and upper right grip block 5；The lower fixture includes being located at upper left to press from both sides Hold the lower-left grip block 6 of 3 lower section of block and the bottom right grip block 8 positioned at 5 lower section of upper right grip block, the lower-left grip block 6 and the right side There are the movable passageway moved down for being tested the middle part soil body of soil sample 1 between lower grip block 8, upper grip block 4 in described Bottom is provided with the top pushing tow boss 4-1 that can be stretched to inside sampling spoon 2, the vertical loading device upper clamping in being located at The surface of block 4.

In the present embodiment, the structure snd size all same and the two of the upper left grip block 3 and upper right grip block 5 are in symmetrical It lays, the structure snd size all same and the two of the lower-left grip block 6 and bottom right grip block 8 are laid in symmetrical.

In the present embodiment, of same size and its thickness of the width of the top pushing tow boss 4-1 upper grip block 4 in is not Height is vertically pushed to tested soil sample 1 less than the vertical loading device.The front-rear side walls of the top pushing tow boss 4-1 point It is not close to the front and back inner wall of sampling spoon 2.

In the present embodiment, the vertical loading device is in vertically to the hydraulic jack of laying 11 or hydraulic cylinder.

In actual use, the vertical loading device can also use other types of loading device.

In the present embodiment, the upper fixture and the lower fixture are cuboid fixture.Also, the length of the upper fixture It is identical as the lower fixture with width.

In actual use, the width of the upper fixture and the lower fixture is in the internal diameter of sampling spoon 2, it is described on The width of grip block 4 is less than the internal diameter of sampling spoon 2.

In the present embodiment, the width of the upper fixture and the lower fixture is all higher than the internal diameter of sampling spoon 2, it is described on The width of grip block 4 is less than the internal diameter of sampling spoon 2.

Also, the width of upper grip block 4 is the internal diameter of sampling spoon 2 in describedIn the present embodiment, in described The width of upper grip block 4 is the internal diameter of sampling spoon 2In actual use, it can be clamped in centering according to specific needs The width of block 4 adjusts accordingly.

In the present embodiment, the height of the tested soil sample 1 is identical as the height of sampling spoon 2 and the height of the two is 20mm.Also, the diameter of the tested soil sample 1 is identical as the internal diameter of sampling spoon 2.

Wherein, a diameter of 61.8mm of the sampling spoon 2.

In the present embodiment, the lower fixture further include between lower-left grip block 6 and bottom right grip block 8 in lower clamping Block, the lower-left grip block 6 are located at the underface of upper left grip block 3, and the bottom right grip block 8 is being located at upper right grip block 5 just Lower section, the underface of lower grip block upper grip block 4 in being located in described；

The upper left grip block 3, in upper grip block 4, upper right grip block 5, lower-left grip block 6, it is described in lower grip block and Bottom right grip block 8 is in horizontal layout；The upper left grip block 3 is identical with the height of upper right grip block 5, upper grip block in described 4 height is not less than the height of upper left grip block 3；The lower-left grip block 6, it is described in lower grip block and bottom right grip block 8 Height all same, lower grip block includes the top folder that can be moved up and down between lower-left grip block 6 and bottom right grip block 8 in described Hold block 7；

Between the upper left grip block 3 and lower-left grip block 6, in it is upper between grip block 4 and upper clamp block 7 and upper right It is attached by vertically connecting bolt 10 between grip block 5 and bottom right grip block 8.

In the present embodiment, between the upper left grip block 3 and lower-left grip block 6, in upper grip block 4 and upper clamp block 7 Between and upper right grip block 5 and bottom right grip block 8 between be attached by vertical connection bolt 10 described in former and later two. Former and later two vertical connection bolts 10 are located at the front and rear sides of sampling spoon 2.

Also, the upper left grip block 3, lower-left grip block 6, in upper grip block 4, upper clamp block 7, upper right grip block 5 Open that there are one the bolt mounting holes installed for vertical connection bolt 10 with the front and rear sides of bottom right grip block 8.

In actual use, upper grip block 4 can carry out moving down between upper left grip block 3 and upper right grip block 5 in described It is dynamic.

In the present embodiment, the height of upper grip block 4 is more than the height of upper left grip block 3 in described, upper grip block 4 in described Height it is bigger Hmm than the height of upper left grip block 3, wherein H=2~8.

In the present embodiment, lower grip block further includes pad loaded on the pad dress block 9 immediately below upper clamp block 7 in described.

Also, the lower-left grip block 6 is identical with the height of bottom right grip block 8, and the height of the upper clamp block 7 is less than The height of lower-left grip block 6, and the sum of height of upper clamp block 7 and pad dress block 9 is identical as the height of lower-left grip block 6.

In the present embodiment, the upper left grip block 3, in upper grip block 4, upper right grip block 5, lower-left grip block 6, it is described in Lower grip block and bottom right grip block 8 are cuboid；The upper left grip block 3, in upper grip block 4 and upper right grip block 5 bottom Face is horizontal plane, the lower-left grip block 6, it is described in the top surface of lower grip block and bottom right grip block 8 be horizontal plane.

When actual processing, of same size, upper grip block 4 and the institute in described of the upper left grip block 3 and lower-left grip block 6 Lower grip block is of same size in stating, and upper right grip block 5 and bottom right grip block 8 is of same size.

In the present embodiment, the upper left grip block 3, in upper grip block 4, upper right grip block 5, lower-left grip block 6, it is described in The length and width all same of lower grip block and bottom right grip block 8.Also, the length of the upper clamp block 7 and pad dress block 9, Width and height all same.

In the present embodiment, the bottom of the upper fixture is provided with the round card holding trough clamped for 2 top of sampling spoon, under described The round card holding trough clamped for 2 bottom of sampling spoon is provided at the top of fixture.

Also, the diameter of the circle card holding trough is identical as the diameter of tested soil sample 1.

When actual processing, the upper left grip block 3, in upper grip block 4, upper right grip block 5, lower-left grip block 6, top folder It is transparent organic glass block to hold block 7, bottom right grip block 8 and pad dress block 9.

A kind of shearing test method of soil body shear band as shown in Figure 4, includes the following steps：

Step 1: sampling：Tested soil sample 1 is cut from soil body shear band to be tested using sampling spoon 2；

The tested soil sample 1 is that cylindric and its upper and lower surface is plane；

Step 201, sampling spoon and soil sample clamping：2 level of sampling spoon of built-in tested soil sample 1 is held on described Between upper fixture and the lower fixture, and make the underface for being tested upper grip block 4 during soil sample 1 is located at；At this point, described tested The upper surface of soil sample 1 is in horizontal layout, and the upper surface of tested soil sample 1 is face to be tested；

Step 202, shearing test：Grip block 4 is gone up using the vertical loading device and in passing through to described in step 201 Tested soil sample 1 applies vertical pressure, makes tested soil sample 1 that failure by shear occur, and the shearing of tested soil sample 1 is calculated Intensity；

After failure by shear occurs, the middle part soil body of the tested soil sample 1 moves down and its middle part soil body and the left and right sides are native One of shearing seam is respectively formed between body；

The solidify liquid is by epoxy resin, acetone, ethylenediamine and dibutyl phthalate according to the body of 100 ︰, 150 ︰, 7 ︰ 2 Product ratio is uniformly mixed；

Step 204, the truncation of soil sample bottom：Cutting tool is sampled and along the bottom surface of sampling spoon 2, to being tested 1 bottom of soil sample Portion carries out truncation；

Step 205, soil sample support top：After the soil body solidification of the shearing seam inside upper part, it will be tested using support top tool Soil sample 1 is tried along 2 upward support top of sampling spoon, until shearing the solidification soil body in the shearing seam of seam described in twice moves to sampling 2 outside of cutting ring；

Truncation at the top of step 206, soil sample：It samples cutting tool and along the top surface of sampling spoon 2, tested soil sample 1 is pushed up Portion carries out truncation；

Wherein, the face to be tested of soil body sample is its upper surface in the shearing seam.Thus, it is sheared in step 208 Soil body sample following process in seam is cut the upper surface of soil body sample in the shearing seam, is polished and polishing treatment.

It when carrying out electron-microscope scanning in the present embodiment, in step 209, also needs to use energy disperse spectroscopy, obtains multiple soil bodys and see The energy spectrum diagram in survey face.

In this way, according to the energy spectrum diagram of the soil body inspection surface, to each soil body in the electron-microscope scanning image of the soil body inspection surface The material of particle is determined.

In the present embodiment, support top tool described in step 205 is pushing tow jack or pipe bending cylinder.

It, need to be from step 205 described in twice when carrying out soil body sample taking-up in shearing seam in the present embodiment, in step 207 Soil body sample in the shearing seam is taken out in shearing seam respectively；Also, it is taken out out of described in per pass shearing seam in the shearing seam When soil body sample, interior one or more described interior solidification soil body of shearing seam that takes out is stitched as soil in shearing seam from the shearing Body sample.

Also, after soil body sample is taken out in shearing seam in step 207, also need to dry soil body sample in shearing seam It is dry or air-dried.

In the present embodiment, interior soil body sample is stitched to the shearing using baking oven and is dried.In actual use, it can also adopt With natural air drying mode.

Before drying terminates, interior soil body sample need to be stitched to the shearing every 8min~12min and once be weighed, until The continuous mass change for weighing soil body sample in the shearing seam three times is no more than 0.02g compared with last weighing result When, drying course terminates.

In the present embodiment, after stitching interior soil body sample baking one hour to the shearing using baking oven, taken out every 10 minutes It weighs, is no more than 0.02g until weighing mass change three times, just complete the dried of the interior soil body sample of shearing seam Journey.Soil body sample internal residual moisture can be discharged, after drying process convenient for the shearing is rapidly completed in the shearing seam The internal curing process of soil body sample in seam.Meanwhile it can effectively keep the internal solids structure of soil body sample in the shearing seam It is not destroyed with hole.

In the present embodiment, before carrying out shearing test in step 202, first by the 9 horizontal extraction of pad dress block, make upper clamp block 7 lower parts are hanging.

After the completion of sampling spoon and soil sample are clamped in step 201, inner clamps are held into sampling spoon 2 and tested soil sample 1 The shearing clamp be placed horizontally on horizontal table, the vertical loading device is located on the horizontal table.

In the present embodiment, when being calculated the shear strength for being tested soil sample 1 in step 202, according to formulaIt is calculated.

In formula (1), F is the maximum vertical pressure that is tested soil sample 1 described in step 202 and can bear, and A is step Apply the section of shear of tested soil sample 1 during vertical pressure in 202 to being tested soil sample 1 described in step 201.Wherein, A The upper contact area between grip block 4 and tested soil sample 1 in.

When carrying out solidify liquid instillation in the present embodiment, in step 203, the solidify liquid is dropped into described cut dropwise with dropper The inside upper part of joint-cutting, until dripped solidify liquid is completely covered the shearing and sews on portion.The process for preparation of the solidify liquid is easy And using effect is good, has many advantages, such as that viscosity is smaller, thermosetting performance is good.

It in actual use, can according to specific needs, to the solidify liquid epoxy resin, acetone, ethylenediamine and adjacent benzene two The volume ratio of formic acid dibutyl ester adjusts accordingly.

In the present embodiment, before carrying out solidify liquid instillation in step 203, first by the upper fixture from tested soil sample 1 It removes.

In the present embodiment, after the completion of solidify liquid instills in step 203 and before step 204 progress soil sample bottom truncation, need It stands until the soil body that inside upper part is stitched in the shearing is fully cured.

Also, it is stood under normal temperature condition, under 20 DEG C~30 DEG C temperature conditions under normal temperature condition.

In actual use, the epoxy resin in the solidify liquid is bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy Resin, polyfunctionality novolac epoxy resin, linear phenolic epoxy resin or one kind or arbitrary several in bromination type epoxy resin Mixture.In the present embodiment, the epoxy resin in the solidify liquid is bisphenol A type epoxy resin.

Upper grip block 4 is in step 201 in using the vertical loading device in the present embodiment, in step 202 and passing through After the tested soil sample 1 applies vertical pressure, upper grip block 4 moves hmm, wherein h≤H vertically downwards in described.

It in the present embodiment, is sampled in step 1, used sampling method is the Conventional sampling methods of sampling spoon 2 (i.e. cutting ring sampling method), sampling process is simple, it is convenient to realize.

It is practical when carrying out soil sample and cutting, the sampling spoon 2 both can be in vertically to laying, can also be inclined to cloth If.Thus, the sampling direction of sampling spoon 2 can be adjusted according to specific needs.

In the present embodiment, the height of the solidification soil body is 1mm~5mm in shearing seam described in step 203；

When using support top tool by tested soil sample 1 along 2 upward support top of sampling spoon in step 205, branch heights of roofs is not small The height of the solidification soil body in the shearing seam described in step 203.

In actual use, when using support top tool by tested soil sample 1 along 2 upward support top of sampling spoon in step 205, branch Heights of roofs is 3mm~6mm.

In the present embodiment, branch heights of roofs is 5mm.

When taking out from the soil body cut down the solidification soil body in the shearing seam in the present embodiment, in step 207, use The shearing is stitched the interior solidification soil body and glued out by cotton swab.

In the present embodiment, the shear strength for the tested soil sample 1 being calculated in step 202 is to be waited for described in step 201 The shear strength of soil sample 1, the electron-microscope scanning of the soil body inspection surface obtained in step 209 are tested at test surfaces present position Image is soil body electron-microscope scanning image in the shearing seam for be tested at face present position to be tested described in step 201 soil sample 1；

After the completion of soil sample top horizontal is cut in step 206, the upper surface of the tested soil sample 1 is plane, and is tested at this time The upper surface for trying soil sample 1 is next face to be tested；

It, need to also be according to the method described in step 2, under tested soil sample 1 in step 209 after the completion of electron-microscope scanning One face to be tested carries out shearing test and Soil Microstructure image obtains.

In the present embodiment, after the completion of being sampled in step 1, the depth selection according to sampling spoon 2 is also needed, to tested soil Depth of 1 upper surface of sample on the soil body shear band to be tested is determined；

The quantity that face to be tested described in soil sample 1 is tested described in step 1 is N number of, and wherein N is positive integer and N >=2； It from top to bottom lays and is top positioned at the face to be tested of topmost in N number of face to be tested in N number of face to be tested Face to be tested, the N-1 faces to be tested in N number of face to be tested in addition to the face to be tested of the top be lower part Face to be tested；

It in step 209 after the completion of electron-microscope scanning, also needs to repeat step 2 N-1 times, until completing to be tested N number of in soil sample 1 The shearing test and Soil Microstructure image acquisition procedures in the face to be tested；

Shearing test and Soil Microstructure figure are carried out to any of the tested soil sample 1 lower part face to be tested As before obtaining, being both needed to according to tested depth of 1 upper surface of soil sample on the soil body shear band to be tested described in step 1 Degree, and combination carries out shearing test to each face to be tested above the face to be tested of the lower part and Soil Microstructure image obtains Use support top tool by tested soil sample 1 along the branch heights of roofs of 2 upward support top of sampling spoon during taking in step 205, to this Depth of the lower part face to be tested on the soil body shear band to be tested is determined；

The shearing test and Soil Microstructure image acquisition procedures in N number of face to be tested in the tested soil sample 1 After the completion of, the shear strength at N number of different depth on the soil body shear band to be tested is obtained, and obtain the soil to be tested Soil body electron-microscope scanning image in shearing seam on body shear band at N number of different depth.

Wherein, soil body electron-microscope scanning image point in the shearing seam on the soil body shear band to be tested at N number of different depth Not Wei N number of face to be tested shearing test and Soil Microstructure image acquisition procedures in the soil body inspection surface that obtains Electron-microscope scanning image.

In the present embodiment, N=3~8.

In actual use, the value size of N can be adjusted accordingly according to specific needs.

In actual use, the lower fixture is spacer-type fixture or projective table type fixture；

As shown in figure 3-1, the spacer-type fixture further include three respectively pad mounted in lower-left grip block 6, it is described in lower folder It holds the top of block and bottom right grip block 8 and the cushion block 13 inside sampling spoon 2 can be stretched to, three cushion blocks 13 are spliced to form The diameter of one round pie bed course, the round pie bed course is identical as the internal diameter of sampling spoon 2；

As shown in Fig. 7-1, Fig. 7-2, Fig. 7-3, Fig. 7-4, Fig. 7-5 and Fig. 7-6, lower-left grip block in the projective table type fixture 6, a lower part pushing tow that can be stretched in sampling spoon 2 is respectively set in the top of lower grip block and bottom right grip block 8 in described Boss 14, three lower part pushing tow boss 14 are assemblied to form a cylindrical branch that upward support top is carried out to being tested soil sample 1 The diameter of roof platform, the cylinder Zhi Dingtai is identical as the internal diameter of sampling spoon 2.

In the present embodiment, the lower fixture is spacer-type fixture.

Thus, shearing test is carried out to any of the tested soil sample 1 lower part face to be tested and the soil body is microcosmic When being sampled cutting ring and soil sample in structural images acquisition process, in step 201 and being clamped, need to also lower-left grip block 6, it is described in The top of lower grip block (being specifically upper clamp block 7) and bottom right grip block 8, which is both provided with pad and fills one, stretches to sampling spoon 2 Internal cushion block 13, the thickness of the cushion block 13 and tested 1 bottom surface of soil sample to the distance between 2 bottom surface of sampling spoon phase at this time Together；And lower-left grip block 6, it is described in lower grip block (being specifically upper clamp block 7) and the padded dress in 8 top of bottom right grip block Cushion block 13 is spliced to form a round pie bed course, and the round pie bed course stretches in sampling spoon 2, and the round pie bed course Diameter it is identical as the internal diameter of sampling spoon 2.

In actual use, can also lower-left grip block 6, it is described in lower grip block (being specifically upper clamp block 7) and right A lower part pushing tow boss 14 that can be stretched in sampling spoon 2, three lower part tops are respectively set in the top of lower grip block 8 The height for pushing away boss 14 is not less than the distance between tested 1 bottom surface of soil sample to 2 bottom surface of sampling spoon at this time, and described in three Lower part pushing tow boss 14 is assemblied to form a cylindrical Zhi Dingtai that upward support top is carried out to being tested soil sample 1, the cylinder The diameter of Zhi Dingtai 14 is identical as the internal diameter of sampling spoon 2.

When using support top tool by tested soil sample 1 along 2 upward support top of sampling spoon in the present embodiment, in step 205, also The branch heights of roofs for being tested soil sample 1 need to be recorded.

In the present embodiment, the face to be tested is cut in step 208, is polished and when polishing treatment, first using cutting Cutting mill is cut flat with, then uses automatic sheet grinding machine fine grinding, is then refined using abrasive material, is carried out on polishing machine again after the completion of fine grinding Polishing.

When being refined, will be finely ground after the face to be tested ground on focussing glass, hand holds described cut when grinding Soil body sample circles in joint-cutting, using water as lubricant and coolant in process of lapping.

It in the present embodiment, takes out in the shearing seam after soil body sample, interior soil body sample is stitched in the shearing is sticked to load glass On piece；Later, interior soil body sample is stitched into the shearing being sticked on glass slide and puts automatic sheet grinding machine into, interior soil is stitched to the shearing The face to be tested of body sample carries out fine grinding, and the face naked-eye observation to be tested is without cavity, crackle and scratch after fine grinding；So Afterwards, soil body sample in the shearing seam after fine grinding is being made into lubricant and coolant with water, with silicon carbide abrasive in frosted glass It is refined on plate, it is all shinny after the face to be tested of soil body sample in the shearing seam and after under skew ray checking no scratch Stop fine grinding；Finally, soil body sample in the shearing seam after fine grinding is placed on polishing machine plus polishing fluid is polished, thrown It is 2-5 minutes between light time.

When carrying out electron-microscope scanning in the present embodiment, in step 209, continuous scanning is carried out from left to right or from right to left.

When practical progress electron-microscope scanning, soil body sample in shearing seam is placed under scanning electron microscope and is scanned.Scanning Number is determined according to the size in the face to be tested needs.

In actual mechanical process, the data processing equipment is PC machine, notebook or palm PC PDA.In the present embodiment, The data processing equipment is PC machine.

In the present embodiment, in step 209 after the completion of electron-microscope scanning, to the microcosmic knot of the soil body of soil body sample in the shearing seam When structure is analyzed, the data processing equipment call Image-Pro Plus softwares to the electron-microscope scanning image at Reason.

When practical progress Micro-Structure Analysis, the whole picture electron-microscope scanning image in the face to be tested is first imported into Image- In Pro Plus softwares, Image-Pro Plus software observation analysis soil bodys granular cementation, standoff distance and grain edges are utilized Rule.

Also, using N number of different depth on soil body shear band to be tested described in Image-Pro Plus software observation analysis In the shearing seam at place after soil body electron-microscope scanning image, the soil on the soil body shear band to be tested at different depth easy can be obtained Body microstructure, by that soil body electron-microscope scanning image is analyzed in shearing seam at different depth, can obtain described to be tested From top to bottom the fractureing of microcosmic soil body particle, the changing of the relative positions, situation of change on soil body shear band, obtain so as to direct, quick analysis The expansion process of the soil body shear band to be tested.

Embodiment 2

As shown in figure 5, in the present embodiment, the shearing test device of used soil body shear band is different from embodiment 1 It is：The shearing clamp further includes being set in the upper fixture and the stop collar 12 on the outside of the lower fixture.

In the present embodiment, the rest part structure and connection relation of the shearing test device of used soil body shear band with Embodiment 1 is identical.

In the present embodiment, the shearing test method of used soil body shear band is same as Example 1.

Embodiment 3

As shown in Figure 6, Figure 7, in the present embodiment, the shearing test device of used soil body shear band, not with embodiment 1 Be：The width of the upper fixture and the lower fixture is identical as the internal diameter of cutting ring 2 that fetches earth；Lower grip block only wraps in described Include upper clamp block 7；Length, the width of the upper left grip block 3, upper right grip block 5, lower-left grip block 6 and bottom right grip block 8 With height all same, the width and height of upper grip block 4 and upper clamp block 7 are identical as upper left grip block 3 in described, described In upper grip block 4 is identical with the length of upper clamp block 7 and length of the two is all higher than the length of upper left grip block 3.

When actual processing, the upper left grip block 3, upper right grip block 5, in upper grip block 4, lower-left grip block 6, bottom right folder Hold block 8 and it is described in the length of lower grip block can also all same.

Also, the round card holding trough is not opened at the bottom of the upper fixture and the top of the lower fixture.

In the present embodiment, the lower fixture is projective table type fixture；Such as Fig. 7-1, Fig. 7-2, Fig. 7-3, Fig. 7-4, Fig. 7-5 and figure Shown in 7-6, lower-left grip block 6 in the projective table type fixture, it is described in the top of lower grip block and bottom right grip block 8 be respectively set One lower part pushing tow boss 14 that can be stretched in sampling spoon 2, three lower part pushing tow boss 14 be assemblied to form one it is right Tested soil sample 1 carries out the cylindrical Zhi Dingtai of upward support top, the internal diameter of the diameter and sampling spoon 2 of the cylinder Zhi Dingtai It is identical.

Thus, shearing test is carried out to any of the tested soil sample 1 lower part face to be tested and the soil body is microcosmic In structural images acquisition process, the height of three lower part pushing tow boss 14 is not less than is tested 1 bottom surface of soil sample extremely at this time The distance between 2 bottom surface of sampling spoon.In the present embodiment, the height all same and its height of three lower part pushing tow boss 14 It is all higher than the half of 2 height of sampling spoon.When actual processing, can by the further processing of three lower part pushing tow boss 14 at The height of sampling spoon 2 is identical.

Also, when carrying out shearing test and the acquisition of Soil Microstructure image to top face to be tested, in step 202 Trystate before shearing test, refers to Fig. 7；Trystate in step 202 after the completion of shearing test, refers to Fig. 8-1.It is right Below the face to be tested of the top and the next to be tested face adjacent with top face to be tested is sheared When experiment and Soil Microstructure image obtain, the trystate in step 202 before shearing test refers to Fig. 8-2；Step Trystate in 202 after the completion of shearing test, refers to Fig. 8-3.

Embodiment 4

In the present embodiment, the shearing test device of used soil body shear band is same as Example 1.

In the present embodiment, the shearing test method of used soil body shear band is as different from Example 1：Step 203 Described in solidify liquid by epoxy resin, acetone, ethylenediamine and dibutyl phthalate according to the volume ratio of 100 ︰, 170 ︰, 6 ︰ 2.2 It is uniformly mixed.

In the present embodiment, remaining method and step of the shearing test method of used soil body shear band with 1 phase of embodiment Together.

Embodiment 5

In the present embodiment, the shearing test method of used soil body shear band is as different from Example 1：Step 203 Described in solidify liquid by epoxy resin, acetone, ethylenediamine and dibutyl phthalate according to the volume ratio of 100 ︰, 170 ︰, 8 ︰ 1.8 It is uniformly mixed.

Embodiment 6

In the present embodiment, the shearing test method of used soil body shear band is as different from Example 1：Step 203 Described in solidify liquid by epoxy resin, acetone, ethylenediamine and dibutyl phthalate according to the volume ratio of 100 ︰, 130 ︰, 8 ︰ 1.8 It is uniformly mixed.

Embodiment 7

In the present embodiment, the shearing test method of used soil body shear band is as different from Example 1：Step 203 Described in solidify liquid by epoxy resin, acetone, ethylenediamine and dibutyl phthalate according to the volume ratio of 100 ︰, 140 ︰, 7 ︰ 1.8 It is uniformly mixed.

Embodiment 8

Embodiment 9

In the present embodiment, the shearing test method of used soil body shear band is as different from Example 1：Step 203 Described in solidify liquid by epoxy resin, acetone, ethylenediamine and dibutyl phthalate according to the volume ratio of 100 ︰, 130 ︰, 6 ︰ 1.8 It is uniformly mixed.

Embodiment 10

In the present embodiment, the shearing test method of used soil body shear band is as different from Example 1：Step 203 Described in solidify liquid by epoxy resin, acetone, ethylenediamine and dibutyl phthalate according to the volume ratio of 100 ︰, 130 ︰, 6 ︰ 2.2 It is uniformly mixed.

Embodiment 11

In the present embodiment, the shearing test method of used soil body shear band is as different from Example 1：Step 203 Described in solidify liquid by epoxy resin, acetone, ethylenediamine and dibutyl phthalate according to the volume ratio of 100 ︰, 170 ︰, 8 ︰ 2.2 It is uniformly mixed.

The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not imposed any restrictions to the present invention, every according to the present invention Technical spirit changes any simple modification, change and equivalent structure made by above example, still falls within skill of the present invention In the protection domain of art scheme.

Claims

1. a kind of shearing test device of soil body shear band, it is characterised in that：It include the sampling ring to built-in tested soil sample (1) The shearing clamp and the vertical loading device above the shearing clamp that knife (2) is clamped, the tested soil sample (1) For the soil sample cut from soil body shear band to be tested using sampling spoon (2)；The shearing clamp includes upper fixture and is located at Lower fixture immediately below the upper fixture, the tested soil sample (1) are held between the upper fixture and the lower fixture；Institute It is assembled to state the upper grip block that upper fixture is laid from left to right by three, three upper grip blocks are respectively a left side from left to right Upper grip block (3), in upper grip block (4) and upper right grip block (5)；The lower fixture includes being located at below upper left grip block (3) Lower-left grip block (6) and the bottom right grip block (8) below the upper right grip block (5), the lower-left grip block (6) and bottom right There are the movable passageway moved down for being tested the middle part soil body of soil sample (1) between grip block (8), upper grip block in described (4) bottom, which is provided with, can stretch to the internal top pushing tow boss (4-1) of sampling spoon (2)；The vertical loading device position The surface of upper grip block (4) in；

The lower fixture further include between lower-left grip block (6) and bottom right grip block (8) in lower grip block, the lower-left Grip block (6) is located at the underface of upper left grip block (3), the bottom right grip block (8) be located at upper right grip block (5) just under Side, the underface of upper grip block (4) during lower grip block is located in described；

The upper left grip block (3), in upper grip block (4), upper right grip block (5), lower-left grip block (6), it is described in lower clamping Block and bottom right grip block (8) are in horizontal layout；The upper left grip block (3) is identical with the height of upper right grip block (5), described In the height of upper grip block (4) be not less than the height of upper left grip block (3)；The lower-left grip block (6), it is described in lower grip block With the height all same of bottom right grip block (8), descending grip block to include in described can be in lower-left grip block (6) and bottom right grip block (8) the upper clamp block (7) moved up and down between；

Between the upper left grip block (3) and lower-left grip block (6), in it is upper between grip block (4) and upper clamp block (7) and It is attached by vertically connecting bolt (10) between upper right grip block (5) and bottom right grip block (8)；

The lower fixture is spacer-type fixture or projective table type fixture；

The spacer-type fixture further include three respectively pad mounted in lower-left grip block (6), it is described in lower grip block and bottom right clamping The top of block (8) and the cushion block (13) that can stretch to sampling spoon (2) inside, three cushion blocks (13) are spliced to form a circle The diameter of pie bed course, the round pie bed course is identical as the internal diameter of sampling spoon (2)；

Lower-left grip block (6) in the projective table type fixture, it is described in the top of lower grip block and bottom right grip block (8) be respectively set One lower part pushing tow boss (14) that can be stretched in sampling spoon (2), three lower part pushing tow boss (14) are assemblied to form The diameter of one cylindrical Zhi Dingtai that upward support top is carried out to being tested soil sample (1), the cylinder Zhi Dingtai and sampling ring The internal diameter of knife (2) is identical.

2. a kind of shearing test device of soil body shear band described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that：The upper fixture and The width of the lower fixture is not less than the internal diameter of sampling spoon (2), and the width of upper grip block (4) is less than sampling spoon in described (2) internal diameter.

3. according to a kind of shearing test device of soil body shear band as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The upper left Grip block (3), in upper grip block (4), upper right grip block (5), lower-left grip block (6), it is described in lower grip block and bottom right clamping Block (8) is cuboid；The upper left grip block (3), in the bottom surface of upper grip block (4) and upper right grip block (5) be level Face, the lower-left grip block (6), it is described in the top surface of lower grip block and bottom right grip block (8) be horizontal plane.

4. a kind of shearing test device of soil body shear band described in accordance with the claim 3, it is characterised in that：The upper left clamping Block (3) and lower-left grip block (6) it is of same size, in described upper grip block (4) and it is described in time grip block it is of same size, and Upper right grip block (5) and bottom right grip block (8) it is of same size；The bottom of the upper fixture is provided with for sampling spoon (2) top The round card holding trough of clamping is provided with the round card holding trough clamped for sampling spoon (2) bottom at the top of the lower fixture.

5. a kind of method carrying out shearing test to soil body shear band using shearing test device as described in claim 1, special Sign is that this approach includes the following steps：

Step 1: sampling：Tested soil sample (1) is cut from soil body shear band to be tested using sampling spoon (2)；

The tested soil sample (1) is that cylindric and its upper and lower surface is plane；

Step 201, sampling spoon and soil sample clamping：Sampling spoon (2) level of built-in tested soil sample (1) is held on described Between upper fixture and the lower fixture, and make the underface for being tested upper grip block (4) during soil sample (1) is located at；At this point, the quilt The upper surface for testing soil sample (1) is in horizontal layout, and the upper surface of tested soil sample (1) is face to be tested；

Step 202, shearing test：Grip block (4) is gone up using the vertical loading device and in passing through to quilt described in step 201 It tests soil sample (1) and applies vertical pressure, make tested soil sample (1) that failure by shear occur, and tested soil sample (1) is calculated Shear strength；

After failure by shear occurs, the middle part soil body of the tested soil sample (1) moves down and soil body and the left and right sides soil body in the middle part of it Between be respectively formed one of shearing seam；

Step 203, solidify liquid instill：Prepared solidify liquid in advance is instilled in step 202 to the inside that seam is sheared described in twice Top cures the soil body of the shearing seam inside upper part by the solidify liquid, and the soil body after solidification is in shearing seam Cure the soil body；

The solidify liquid by epoxy resin, acetone, ethylenediamine and dibutyl phthalate according to 100 ︰ (130~170) ︰ (6~ 8) the volume ratio of ︰ (1.8~2.2) is uniformly mixed；

Step 204, the truncation of soil sample bottom：Cutting tool is sampled and along the bottom surface of sampling spoon (2), to being tested soil sample (1) bottom Portion carries out truncation；

Step 205, soil sample support top：After the soil body solidification of the shearing seam inside upper part, using support top tool by tested soil Sample (1) is along sampling spoon (2) upward support top, until shearing the solidification soil body in the shearing seam of seam described in twice moves to sampling On the outside of cutting ring (2)；

Truncation at the top of step 206, soil sample：It samples cutting tool and along the top surface of sampling spoon (2), tested soil sample (1) is pushed up Portion carries out truncation；

Soil body sample is taken out in step 207, shearing seam：From the soil body cut down in step 206, take out in the shearing seam Cure the soil body as soil body sample in shearing seam；

Soil body sample following process in step 208, shearing seam：To the to be tested of the interior soil body sample of shearing seam described in step 207 Face cut, is polished and polishing treatment, and soil body inspection surface is obtained；

Step 209, electron-microscope scanning：Soil body inspection surface described in step 208 is scanned using scanning electron microscope, and described in acquisition The electron-microscope scanning image of soil body inspection surface.

6. according to the method for claim 5, it is characterised in that：When carrying out solidify liquid instillation in step 203, with dropper by institute The inside upper part that solidify liquid drops to the shearing seam dropwise is stated, until the shearing, which is completely covered, in dripped solidify liquid sews on portion；Step The height of the solidification soil body is 1mm~5mm in shearing seam described in rapid 203；

When using support top tool by tested soil sample (1) along sampling spoon (2) upward support top in step 205, branch heights of roofs is not small The height of the solidification soil body in the shearing seam described in step 203.

7. according to method described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that：The tested soil sample (1) being calculated in step 202 Shear strength be to be tested the shear strength of soil sample (1) described in step 201 at face present position to be tested, in step 209 The electron-microscope scanning image of the soil body inspection surface obtained is that soil sample is tested at face present position to be tested described in step 201 (1) soil body electron-microscope scanning image in shearing seam；

After the completion of soil sample top horizontal is cut in step 206, the upper surface of the tested soil sample (1) is plane, and is tested at this time The upper surface of soil sample (1) is next face to be tested；

It, need to also be according to the method described in step 2, to being tested the next of soil sample (1) in step 209 after the completion of electron-microscope scanning A face to be tested carries out shearing test and Soil Microstructure image obtains.

8. according to the method for claim 7, it is characterised in that：After the completion of being sampled in step 1, also need according to sampling spoon (2) depth selection is determined tested depth of soil sample (1) upper surface on the soil body shear band to be tested；

The quantity that face to be tested described in soil sample (1) is tested described in step 1 is N number of, and wherein N is positive integer and N >=2；N A face to be tested is from top to bottom laid and the face to be tested in N number of face to be tested positioned at topmost is waited for for top Test surfaces, the N-1 faces to be tested in N number of face to be tested in addition to the face to be tested of the top be that lower part is waited for Test surfaces；

It in step 209 after the completion of electron-microscope scanning, also needs to repeat step 2 N-1 times, until completing to be tested N number of institute in soil sample (1) State the shearing test and Soil Microstructure image acquisition procedures in face to be tested；

Shearing test and Soil Microstructure image are carried out to any of the tested soil sample (1) lower part face to be tested Before acquisition, it is both needed to according to tested depth of soil sample (1) upper surface on the soil body shear band to be tested described in step 1 Degree, and combination carries out shearing test to each face to be tested above the face to be tested of the lower part and Soil Microstructure image obtains Branch heights of roofs of the support top tool by tested soil sample (1) along the upward support top of sampling spoon (2) is used during taking in step 205, Depth of the lower part face to be tested on the soil body shear band to be tested is determined；

The shearing test and Soil Microstructure image acquisition procedures in N number of face to be tested are equal in the tested soil sample (1) After the completion, the shear strength on the soil body shear band to be tested at N number of different depth is obtained, and obtains the soil body to be tested Soil body electron-microscope scanning image in shearing seam on shear band at N number of different depth.