CN112268772A - In-situ fidelity method after shearing failure of rock joint surface - Google Patents
In-situ fidelity method after shearing failure of rock joint surface Download PDFInfo
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- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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Abstract
An in-situ fidelity method after shearing failure of a rock joint surface relates to the technical field of rock mechanics tests and solves the problems that original morphological characteristics of the rock joint surface after shearing failure cannot be reserved and are difficult to measure; it includes: after the shear test, keeping the relative positions of the rock samples on the upper joint disc and the lower joint disc unchanged, and stably and slowly moving the rock samples into an experimental container; then mixing and uniformly stirring the high-permeability epoxy resin and the curing agent, and pouring the mixture into a container until the liquid level is over the rock joint surface; and (3) putting the experimental container into a vacuum box for vacuum treatment, and allowing the epoxy resin to completely penetrate into the shear gap between the upper disc and the lower disc and the microcracks in the upper disc and the lower disc and standing until the epoxy resin is cured. The method provides convenience for the research on the shape change and the microscopic damage of the sheared and damaged rock joint surface, fault surface and the like, realizes the in-situ fidelity of the rock sheared joint surface, and has great significance for revealing the damage mechanism of the joint and the fault under different geological conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mechanical tests, in particular to an in-situ fidelity method after shearing failure of a rock joint surface.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of national economy, the demands for energy and resources are increasing day by day, and more foundation constructions are built for excavating in rock masses, such as diversion tunnels of large hydropower stations, reservoir bank slopes, traffic tunnels, nuclear waste underground disposal reservoirs, deep mines, oil and gas resource exploitation and the like. Rock, a natural geologic body, is characterized by discontinuity, and rock masses are often cut by weak surfaces of different scales, such as bedding, joints, faults and the like. Compared with the rock with better integrity, the rock with the joint surface has larger deformation characteristic, lower rigidity, smaller shear strength and extremely strong water guide characteristic, so that the rock is easier to be damaged by shear instability and influences the stability of the engineering rock. The rock mass is sheared and damaged along the joint surface, and the rock mass is a common engineering rock mass damage form, such as tunnel surrounding rock collapse, rock slope landslide, structural surface slippage induced rock burst, dam foundation slippage and the like. The shear instability damage of the jointed rock mass easily causes great economic loss and casualties, and influences the construction speed of engineering construction, so that the method has important scientific significance and engineering significance for the research of the shear mechanics characteristics of the jointed rock mass in different geological environments such as heat, force, water and the like.
The natural rock joints, fault surfaces are not perfectly flat but have an irregular relief structure, the degree of relief of the surface relief (relief height and inclination angle) determining the roughness of the surface. The deformation characteristics, strength characteristics and permeability characteristics of a rock joint or fault plane are closely related to the roughness of its surface. The joints are subjected to shear slip damage under the action of shear stress, and the relief structure on the surfaces of the joints is damaged; the damaged relief structure may further affect the shear, penetration, etc. properties of the joint. The damage range and degree of the joints and fault planes are closely related to the mechanical properties of the joints, so people often observe, research and analyze the damage characteristics of joints and fault surface prostrate bodies in a shear test by different means, and the prior art mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) three-dimensional scanning of the joint surface morphology: the method comprises the steps of respectively scanning the joint surface topography before and after a shearing test by using a three-dimensional topography scanner, obtaining a large number of point cloud numbers (position coordinates of scanning points), respectively calculating roughness parameters (such as roughness coefficient, fluctuation height, fluctuation angle and the like) of the joint surface before and after shearing under the same coordinate system, and determining the difference value of the two parameters as damage caused by shearing.
(2) High-definition digital photographing of the joint surface: the shear test causes abrasion and damage of the relief structure, the abraded surface and the undamaged surface have different colors, and the damage of the joint surface is quantitatively analyzed by calculating the area of the abraded area after photographing.
(3) Acoustic emission monitoring: the method comprises the steps of generating acoustic emission when the interior of the rock is broken, cutting the joint surface relief body and generating micro-breakage, arranging an acoustic emission probe on the surface of a sample, acquiring acoustic emission signals (including parameters such as energy, impact and event) in the cutting process, analyzing the acoustic emission event positioned at any time in the cutting process, the acoustic emission energy, impact and the like, and analyzing the space-time distribution rule of the damage of the joint surface.
Although the above methods can help to understand the characteristics and laws of the joint and the damage evolution of the fault surface prostrate body, each method has its own limitations: (1) when a three-dimensional scanner is used for scanning the joint morphology of a rock joint surface before and after shearing, the sheared rock debris covered on the surface and formed fault mud are required to be cleaned up, the sheared morphology can be accurately scanned, and the original morphology of the joint surface after shearing can be damaged by the method. The number, distribution, size and the like of the fragments and fault mud formed by shearing of joints, faults and the like contain important information, and the information is obtained and retained to play an important role in revealing the damage mechanism of the joints and the faults under different geological conditions. (2) The damage area can only be measured by taking a picture with a digital camera, the damage of the rock joints and faults is usually not only limited on the surface layer, the microcracks can develop towards the interior of the joint rock wall under the high stress environment, and the damage extending to the interior of the rock wall cannot be evaluated and analyzed by the observation method. (3) The acoustic emission monitoring can obtain the damage condition of the whole shearing process in real time, but the influence of the positioning precision of acoustic emission software is large; if the positioning precision is not high, the real position of the damage is difficult to accurately judge.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of means for observing, researching and analyzing the joint and fault damage characteristics in a shear test in the prior art, retain the original morphological characteristics of a rock shear joint surface and facilitate measurement, the invention provides an in-situ fidelity method after the shear failure of the rock joint surface, and the specific technical scheme is as follows.
An in-situ fidelity method after rock joint surface shear failure comprises the following steps:
A. manufacturing a joint sample for a rock joint shear test, wherein the joint sample comprises an upper disc and a lower disc, placing the joint sample in a shear box, applying a normal load, and then applying a shear force to perform the shear test;
B. uniformly coating a release agent on the inner wall of the prepared experimental container;
C. after the shear test is finished, opening the shear box, keeping the relative positions of the samples of the upper disc and the lower disc unchanged, and stably placing the samples in an experimental container;
D. mixing and uniformly stirring epoxy resin and a curing agent, and stably pouring the mixture into an experimental container until the liquid level is over the rock joint surface;
E. and (3) putting the experimental container into a vacuum box for vacuum treatment, penetrating the mixed reagent of the epoxy resin into the shear gap between the upper disc and the lower disc and the cracks in the upper disc and the lower disc at two sides of the crack, standing until the epoxy resin is cured, and taking out the cured rock joint sample.
Preferably, the dimensions of the test vessel are larger than the dimensions of the joint sample.
Preferably, the epoxy resin and the curing agent are mixed in a volume ratio of 2: 1.
preferably, in the step E, the experimental container containing the rock joint sample is first placed in a vacuum box, an air suction port of the vacuum box is connected to a vacuum pump, the air pressure in the vacuum box is reduced after the vacuum pump is turned on, bubbles remaining in the epoxy resin mixed reagent are separated out, and the pressure of a gap between the mixed reagent and the sample and the joint surface is 0; then the air inlet of the vacuum box is opened, the air pressure is increased, and the mixed reagent of the epoxy resin permeates into the joint surface and the rock cracks.
It is also preferable that after the epoxy resin is cured, the upper disc and the lower disc of the joint sample after being sheared and damaged are sealed and fixed into a whole to form the in-situ fidelity rock joint sample, and the original damaged form after being sheared and damaged is reserved.
It is also preferable that after the in-situ fidelity rock joint sample is cut, a rock slice is manufactured, and fault mud, chips, cracks and the like formed by shearing damage are remained in the rock slice.
It is further preferable that the cut pieces are observed under an optical microscope to determine the number, size and distribution range of microscopic structures such as cracks, fault mud and the like on both sides of the joint surface.
The in-situ fidelity method after the shearing failure of the rock joint surface provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: by the test method, the upper disc sample and the lower disc sample of the sheared and damaged rock joint are packaged and cured by epoxy resin, so that the original damage form of the joint and the sheared fault is completely preserved; the viscosity of the epoxy resin is utilized to ensure that rock debris and fault mud formed after the joint surface is sheared and damaged are completely stored; the method also completely preserves newly formed microcracks after the joint sample is sheared and damaged, and ensures that the sheared and damaged sample forms a whole after being solidified, thereby ensuring the integrity of the sample during cutting and being easier to identify the microcracks during observation; the method can also facilitate the research of the morphology change and the damage mechanism of the rock joints and the fault plane after shearing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the shear principle of a joint sample;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a joint specimen after shearing;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a vacuum process;
FIG. 4 is a step diagram of a test method for in situ fidelity after shear failure of a rock joint face;
in the figure: 1-joint sample, 2-joint surface, 3-upper disc, 4-lower disc, 5-experimental container, 6-vacuum box, 7-air inlet, 8-air outlet and 9-vacuum pump.
Detailed Description
The following description will be made with reference to fig. 1 to 4 for a specific embodiment of the in-situ fidelity method after the rock joint surface is shear-damaged according to the present invention.
In order to explore the morphology change and the microscopic damage mechanism of the rock joint surface, the fault surface and the like after shearing damage, make up the defects of the existing test method in observation of the rock sample of the joint surface after shearing, well preserve the most original damage form of the joint surface and the fault surface after shearing, and provide an in-situ fidelity method of the rock joint surface after shearing damage.
The in-situ fidelity method after the shearing failure of the rock joint surface comprises the following specific steps:
and A, manufacturing a joint sample for a rock joint shear test, wherein the joint sample comprises an upper disc and a lower disc, placing the joint sample in a shear box, applying a normal load, and then applying a shear force to perform the shear test.
The joint sample can be prepared by directly preparing a joint surface upper disc and lower disc sample with proper size from indoor similar materials, or by sampling rock containing joints on site and preparing a joint surface upper disc and lower disc sample with proper size. After the preparation of the joint sample is completed, the joint sample prepared in advance is placed in a shearing box, a preset normal load is applied, and then shearing force is applied to carry out a shearing test until the rock sample is sheared and damaged.
And B, coating a release agent on the inner wall of the experiment container prepared in advance. The size of the experimental container needs to be larger than that of the rock joint sample, for example, the length of the length, the width and the height in the rectangular experimental container are larger than that of the sample, so that the rock joint sample can be placed into the experimental container, and the rock joint sample can be conveniently taken out of the experimental container; meanwhile, the shape of the experimental container is generally the same as that of the rock sample. And a layer of release agent is smeared in the experiment container, so that the rock sample can be conveniently taken and placed. The release agent can be talcum powder, mica powder, argil, white clay and the like or compounds thereof, and can also be vaseline, low molecular weight polyethylene and the like.
C, after the shear test is finished, opening the shear box, keeping the relative positions of the samples of the upper disc and the lower disc unchanged, and stably and slowly placing the samples in an experimental container; the test instrument can be used for slowly moving in the moving process, so that the joint surface is prevented from being disturbed.
And D, mixing the epoxy resin and the curing agent, uniformly stirring, slowly and stably pouring into an experimental container until the liquid level is over the rock joint surface. Wherein the volume ratio of the epoxy resin to the curing agent is 2: 1, mixing the two, uniformly stirring, slowly pouring into an experimental container, and avoiding disturbing a rock sample; the height of the liquid level over the conditioning surface is set according to specific requirements.
And E, putting the experimental container into a vacuum box for vacuum treatment, allowing the mixed reagent of the epoxy resin to penetrate into the joint surface cracks, standing until the epoxy resin is cured, and taking out the cured rock sample. Step E, specifically, putting the experimental container filled with the rock sample into a vacuum box, connecting an air exhaust port of the vacuum box with a vacuum pump, opening the vacuum pump, reducing the air pressure in the vacuum box, separating out residual bubbles in the epoxy resin mixed reagent, and keeping the pressure of a gap between the mixed reagent and the rock sample and a joint surface to be 0; then the air inlet of the vacuum box is opened, the air pressure is increased, and the mixed reagent of the epoxy resin permeates into the joint surface and the rock cracks.
After the epoxy resin is cured, the upper disc and the lower disc formed by cutting and destroying the rock sample are packaged and fixed into a whole to form the in-situ fidelity rock sample, and the original destroying form is reserved. In addition, because the epoxy resin has strong viscosity, the rock debris, fault mud and other structures formed after the joint surface is sheared and damaged cannot be washed away, and the original positions and states of the rock debris, the fault mud and other structures after the joint surface is sheared and damaged can be kept to the maximum extent.
And (3) cutting the in-situ fidelity rock joint sample to manufacture a rock slice, wherein fault mud, chips and cracks formed by shearing failure are remained in the rock slice. After joint shear failure, cracks or fissures of different lengths can form; when the sample needs to be cut and the rock slices are processed to observe microcracks at the upper part and the lower part of the joint surface, the sample is easily and completely broken due to cutting disturbance, and the slices cannot be further manufactured for fiber observation; after the epoxy resin is cured, the joint sample damaged by shearing becomes a whole, and the sample can be well protected during further cutting, so that the joint sample cannot be completely loosened and broken.
Observing the cut slices under an optical microscope, and determining the number, the size and the distribution range of cracks and fault mud microscopic structures on two sides of a joint surface; wherein the microscopic structure is observable under a microscope. After the rock slice is cut and processed, fault mud, debris and the like formed by shearing are well shown in the slice, and conditions are provided for further analyzing and researching the spatial relationship generated by the fault mud. Epoxy resin permeates into the cracks, and the cracks can be identified more easily when the rock slices are observed by adopting an optical microscope.
The in-situ fidelity rock joint sample can be used for quantitative research and analysis of joint and fault rock mechanics and is used for finding the relationship between the damage range and degree of joints and fault surfaces and the mechanical characteristics of the joints.
By the test method, the upper disc sample and the lower disc sample of the sheared and damaged rock joint are packaged and cured by epoxy resin, so that the original damage form of the joint and the sheared fault is completely preserved; the viscosity of the epoxy resin is utilized to ensure that rock debris and fault mud formed after the joint surface is sheared and damaged are completely stored; the method also completely preserves newly formed micro cracks after the joint sample is sheared and damaged, ensures the integrity of the sample during cutting observation, and is easier to identify micro cracks during observation; the method can also facilitate the research of the morphology change and the damage mechanism of the rock joints and the fault plane after shearing.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An in-situ fidelity method after shear failure of a rock joint surface is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. manufacturing a joint sample for a rock joint shear test, wherein the joint sample comprises an upper disc and a lower disc, placing the joint sample in a shear box, applying a normal load, and then applying a shear force to perform the shear test;
B. uniformly coating a release agent on the inner wall of the prepared experimental container;
C. after the shear test is finished, opening the shear box, keeping the relative positions of the samples of the upper disc and the lower disc unchanged, and stably placing the samples in an experimental container;
D. mixing and uniformly stirring epoxy resin and a curing agent, and stably pouring the mixture into an experimental container until the liquid level is over the rock joint surface;
E. and (3) putting the experimental container into a vacuum box for vacuum treatment, penetrating the mixed reagent of the epoxy resin into the shear gap between the upper disc and the lower disc and the cracks in the upper disc and the lower disc at two sides of the crack, standing until the epoxy resin is cured, and taking out the cured rock joint sample.
2. A method of in situ fidelity of a rock joint face after shear failure as claimed in claim 1 wherein the dimensions of the test vessel are larger than the dimensions of the joint sample.
3. The method for in-situ fidelity of a rock joint face after shear failure according to claim 1, wherein the epoxy resin and the curing agent are mixed in a volume ratio of 2: 1.
4. the in-situ fidelity method after the rock joint surface is sheared and damaged according to the claim 1, characterized in that, in the step E, the experimental container containing the rock joint sample is firstly put into a vacuum box, the air suction port of the vacuum box is connected with a vacuum pump, the air pressure in the vacuum box is reduced after the vacuum pump is opened, the residual air bubbles in the mixed reagent of the epoxy resin are separated out, and the pressure of the gap between the mixed reagent and the sample and the joint surface is 0; then the air inlet of the vacuum box is opened, the air pressure is increased, and the mixed reagent of the epoxy resin permeates into the joint surface and the rock cracks.
5. The method for in-situ fidelity of a rock joint surface after shear failure as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the epoxy resin is cured, the upper disc and the lower disc of the joint sample after shear failure are encapsulated and fixed into a whole to form the rock joint sample after in-situ fidelity, and the original failure form after shear failure is retained.
6. The method for in-situ fidelity of a rock joint surface after shear failure as claimed in claim 5, wherein the rock joint sample after in-situ fidelity is cut and processed to produce a rock slice, fault mud, chips and cracks formed by shear failure are remained in the rock slice.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the cutting slices are observed under an optical microscope to determine the number, size and distribution range of cracks and fault mud mesostructures on two sides of the joint surface.
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| CN202011212868.XA CN112268772A (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2020-11-04 | In-situ fidelity method after shearing failure of rock joint surface |
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| CN202011212868.XA CN112268772A (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2020-11-04 | In-situ fidelity method after shearing failure of rock joint surface |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013030566A1 (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2013-03-07 | Loughborough University | Method and apparatus for determining interlaminar shear mechanical properties of composite laminates |
| CN103323327A (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2013-09-25 | 青岛理工大学 | Shearing box device for rock-like material |
| JP2016037787A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-03-22 | 株式会社奥村組 | Shear reinforcement method |
| CN106153475A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-23 | 西安科技大学 | The shearing test device of a kind of soil body shear band and shearing test method |
| CN106556541A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-04-05 | 同济大学 | A kind of test method for studying shearing overall process Rock Joint Plane Morphology Evolution |
| CN107014702A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-08-04 | 同济大学 | A kind of rock joint shear experimental rig |
-
2020
- 2020-11-04 CN CN202011212868.XA patent/CN112268772A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013030566A1 (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2013-03-07 | Loughborough University | Method and apparatus for determining interlaminar shear mechanical properties of composite laminates |
| CN103323327A (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2013-09-25 | 青岛理工大学 | Shearing box device for rock-like material |
| JP2016037787A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-03-22 | 株式会社奥村組 | Shear reinforcement method |
| CN106153475A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-23 | 西安科技大学 | The shearing test device of a kind of soil body shear band and shearing test method |
| CN106556541A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-04-05 | 同济大学 | A kind of test method for studying shearing overall process Rock Joint Plane Morphology Evolution |
| CN107014702A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-08-04 | 同济大学 | A kind of rock joint shear experimental rig |
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