CN106147895A - 对添加剂组合物和燃料油的改进 - Google Patents
对添加剂组合物和燃料油的改进 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106147895A CN106147895A CN201610318246.2A CN201610318246A CN106147895A CN 106147895 A CN106147895 A CN 106147895A CN 201610318246 A CN201610318246 A CN 201610318246A CN 106147895 A CN106147895 A CN 106147895A
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含聚合物(A)和抗静电添加剂(B)的添加剂组合物,聚合物(A)包含以下单体组分:(i)一种或多种式(I)的化合物;(ii)一种或多种式(II)的化合物;和(iii)一种或多种式(III)的化合物,其中式(I)、式(II)和式(III)如说明书中所定义;抗静电添加剂(B)包含(iv)烯烃聚砜和(v)表氯醇和脂族伯单胺或N‑脂族烃基亚烷基二胺的聚合物多胺反应产物,或所述聚合物多胺反应产物的磺酸盐,聚合物(A)与抗静电添加剂(B)的重量比为1:1‑500:1。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有改进的性能的添加剂组合物和燃料油组合物,特别是中间馏分燃料例如柴油燃料、煤油和喷射燃料以及生物燃料。
发明背景
在20世纪90年代初期,关于环境污染的关注推动了要求燃料生产者制备具有更低硫含量的燃料的立法。燃料例如柴油燃料、加热用油和煤油的硫含量依次相继到越来越低的水平并且在欧洲,标准EN590要求的最大硫水平现在是0.001重量%。用来减少柴油燃料硫和芳族物含量的精炼方法的一个结果是燃料导电性减小。低硫燃料的绝缘性能代表对精炼机、分配器和用户的潜在危害,这归因于静电荷积聚和放电的潜在性。静电荷可能在燃料的泵送特别是过滤期间出现,这种电荷积聚作为火花的释放构成高度可燃环境中的重大风险。此类风险在燃料加工和处理期间经由燃料管线和槽的合适接地结合使用抗静电添加剂以最大程度被减小。这些抗静电添加剂并非阻止静电荷的积聚而是提高它们向接地燃料管线和容器释放从而控制火花风险。许多这样的添加剂是通常使用的并可商购。最常用的抗静电添加剂之一是聚砜和聚合物多胺反应产物的双组份混合物,例如US3,917,466中公开的。虽然有效,但是此类抗静电添加剂较昂贵并因此仍需要以成本划算的方式改进导电性的新方法。
本发明通过提供能够提高燃料油导电性的添加剂组合物解决了低硫含量燃料的低导电性问题。将商业抗静电添加剂与聚合物材料合并形成添加剂组合物,由此添加剂组合物的各组分相互协同作用。组合结果使得商业抗静电添加剂的有效性得到极大提高。这能够实现使用非常少量商业抗静电添加剂同时仍然为燃料油提供要求的导电性。
发明内容
因此,在第一个方面中,本发明提供包含聚合物(A)和抗静电添加剂(B)的添加剂组合物,其中聚合物(A)包含以下单体组分:
(i)一种或多种式(I)的化合物
其中R1是氢或CH3;和R2是含6-30个碳原子的烃基并且是直链或支化链烷基,或脂族或芳族环状基;
(ii)一种或多种式(II)的化合物
其中R1具有上述含义和其中R3是氢或C1-C22烷基;每个R4独立地是氢或C1-C22烷基;R5是氢、取代或未取代的脂族或芳族环状基,或含1-22个碳原子的取代或未取代的直链或支化链烷基;n=0或1-22的整数;和m是1-30的整数;和
(iii)一种或多种式(III)的化合物
其中R6、R7、R8、R9和R10各自独立地是氢、可以被取代或未取代的含1-20个碳原子的直链或支化链烷基、羟基、NH2,或其中R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中两个或更多个可以一起形成脂族或芳族环体系,该环体系可以是取代或未取代的;
其中抗静电添加剂(B)包含(iv)烯烃聚砜和(v)表氯醇和脂族伯单胺或N-脂族烃基亚烷基二胺的聚合物多胺反应产物,或所述聚合物多胺反应产物的磺酸盐;和其中所述添加剂组合物中的聚合物(A)与抗静电添加剂(B)的重量:重量比为1:1-500:1。
具体实施方式
聚合物(A)
聚合物(A)由至少三种不同单体形成;式(I)的单体、式(II)的单体和式(III)的单体。在一个优选的实施方案中,聚合物(A)仅由三种单体形成。在其它实施方案中,聚合物(A)可以包含至少两种式(I)的单体组分和/或至少两种式(II)的单体组分和/或至少两种式(III)的单体组分。如果需要的话,可以引入不同于式(I)、(II)和(III)的其它单体组分。
优选地,R3和每个R4是氢。
在一个优选的实施方案中,n=1。
在一个实施方案中,m大于1,例如为2-20。
在另一个实施方案中,m=1。
在另一个实施方案中,m=n=1。
优选地,R5是氢。
优选地,R2是含12-18个碳原子的直链烷基。实例包括正十二烷基、正十四烷基、正十六烷基和正十八烷基。在一个优选实施方案中,R2是正十二烷基。在另一个优选的实施方案中,R2是正十八烷基。
优选地,式(I)和式(II)中的R1是CH3。在这个实施方案中,式(I)和式(II)都是甲基丙烯酸酯单体。
在优选的实施方案中,式(I)中的R1是CH3,式(I)中的R2是含12-18个碳原子的直链烷基。实例因此包括甲基丙烯酸正十二烷基(或月桂基)酯、甲基丙烯酸正十四烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸正十六烷基酯和甲基丙烯酸正十八烷基(或硬脂基)酯。
在优选的实施方案中,式(II)中的R1是CH3,R3、R4和R5都是氢,n=1且m大于1,例如2-20。此类化合物因此是聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯。优选的实例是聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯,其中聚乙二醇链段具有大约500的分子量。这对应于式(II)中m为7-12,例如9的化合物。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,式(II)中的R1是CH3,R3、R4和R5都是氢,n=1且m=1。此类化合物因此是甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,在本文它们可以称作HEMA。
优选,R6、R7、R8、R9和R10各自是氢,因此式(III)代表苯乙烯。
优选,式(I)的单体组分占聚合物的10-90%,以摩尔%表示。更优选,式(I)的单体组分占聚合物的15-80%,例如20-70%或30-70%或30-60%,以摩尔%表示。如果使用超过一种式(I)的单体组分,则给出的范围所使用的式(I)的单体的总量。
优选,式(II)的单体组分占聚合物的5-80%,以摩尔%表示。更优选,式(II)的单体组分占聚合物的5-70%,例如10-60%或15-50%,以摩尔%表示。如果使用超过一种式(II)的单体组分,则给出的范围涉及所使用的式(II)的单体的总量。
优选,式(III)的单体组分占聚合物的1-60%,以摩尔%表示。更优选,式(III)的单体组分占聚合物的1-50%,例如1-45%或5-45%,以摩尔%表示。如果使用超过一种式(III)的单体组分,则给出的范围涉及所使用的式(III)的单体的总量。
聚合物(A)的具体实例包括:
由其中聚乙二醇链段具有大约500的分子量的聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸正十二烷基酯和苯乙烯形成的聚合物。
由其中聚乙二醇链段具有大约500的分子量的聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸正十四烷基酯和苯乙烯形成的聚合物。
由其中聚乙二醇链段具有大约500的分子量的聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸正十六烷基酯和苯乙烯形成的聚合物。
由其中聚乙二醇链段具有大约500的分子量的聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸正十八烷基酯和苯乙烯形成的聚合物。
由甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正十二烷基酯和苯乙烯形成的聚合物。
由甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正十四烷基酯和苯乙烯形成的聚合物。
由甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正十六烷基酯和苯乙烯形成的聚合物。
由甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正十八烷基酯和苯乙烯形成的聚合物。
优选,聚合物(A)是统计共聚物,更优选无规共聚物。本领域技术人员将意识到单体的竞聚率会影响所获得的聚合物体系结构。用来制备聚合物的单体组分(i)、(ii)和(iii)具有接近于1的竞聚率,是指任何给定单体组分与另一种相同类型的单体组分反应可能性就像与不同类型的单体组分反应那样。形成统计共聚物,其中聚合遵循已知的统计规则例如Bernoullian统计或Markovian统计。其中在聚合物链中的任何特定点发现特定类型的单体残基的概率不依赖周围单体类型的统计聚合物可以称为无规共聚物。统计和无规共聚物可区分于更加有序化的聚合物类型例如交替共聚物、周期式共聚物和嵌段共聚物。
用来制备聚合物的合成方法是本领域技术人员已知的。聚合物可以通过自由基聚合使用引发剂例如过氧化物或偶氮化合物或通过任何其它适合的引发方法合成。一种有利的方法采用Starve Feed聚合,其中将单体和/或引发剂经受控反应期供入反应器。这允许控制所形成的产物的分子量以及控制反应的放热。标准自由基技术是优选的,但是可以提供对聚合物分子量和分散性更多控制的更加专门化的技术也是适合的。这些更加专门化技术之中,可以提及催化链转移聚合(CCTP)。其它包括可逆碘转移聚合(RITP)、原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)、氮氧化物介导聚合(NMP)、可逆加成断裂裂(RAFT)聚合。
RAFT聚合使用链转移剂,通常是硫醇例如癸烷硫醇。生长的聚合物自由基端部从链转移剂的弱S-H键提取氢基,并通过选择所使用的试剂的类型和量,可以使聚合物增长终止并因此可以控制分子量。
CCTP不要求硫醇链转移剂,这在其中应避免含硫产物的某些应用中是有利的,而是采用少量的更加有效的链转移催化剂。优选的链转移催化剂是含钴配合物Cobaloxime或CoBF。这种配合物的制备例如由A和J.H Espenson.描述在J.Am.Soc(1984),106,5197-5202中和由A等人描述在Inorg.Chem.,(1986),25,4108-4114中。该催化剂方便地由乙酸钴(II)四水合物、二甲基乙二肟和三氟化硼二乙基醚合物制备。在使用中,催化剂与自由基在聚合物链末端相互作用并形成Co(III)-H配合物和具有端烯烃官能团的大分子单体。该Co(III)-H配合物通过氢转移到单体再引发新的聚合物链,Co(II)催化剂配合物因而再生。催化剂:单体比的选择允许控制聚合物分子量和分散性。该技术尤其适合于制备低分子量聚合物。
在一个实施方案中,本发明中使用的聚合物(A)是使用催化链转移聚合制备的。优选,采用cobaloxime或CoBF链转移催化剂。
优选地,聚合物(A)具有2,000-50,000,更优选2,000-30,000,甚至更优选4,000-25,000,例如4,000-15,000的数均分子量(Mn),通过凝胶渗透色谱(GPC),以聚苯乙烯标准样品为参比进行测量的。
优选地,聚合物(A)具有1-10,更优选1-5,例如1-3的分散性定义为重均分子量(Mw)和数均分子量(Mn)之比,以Mw/Mn表示。如同Mn的情况一样,Mw也是通过GPC以聚苯乙烯标准样品为参比进行测量的。
抗静电添加剂(B)
所述抗静电添加剂(B)包含(iv)烯烃聚砜和(v)表氯醇和脂族伯单胺或N-脂族烃基亚烷基二胺的聚合物多胺反应产物,或所述聚合物多胺反应产物的磺酸盐。
优选地,聚砜的重均分子量在10,000-1,500,000,更优选50,000-900,000,例如100,000-500,000的范围内。
优选地,组分(iv)与组分(v)的重量比在100:1-1:100的范围内。
可用于制备聚砜的烯烃优选具有6-20个碳原子,更优选6-18个碳原子。尤其优选的是1-癸烯聚砜。这些材料的制备是本领域中已知的,例如US 3,917,466中描述那样。
聚合物多胺组分可以通过在50℃-100℃的温度下加热摩尔比例为1:1-1:1.5的胺与表氯醇而制备。适合的脂族伯胺具有8-24个碳原子,优选8-12个碳原子。脂族基优选是烷基。如果使用N-脂族烃基亚烷基二胺,则优选脂族烃基具有8-24个碳原子,优选是烷基。优选地,亚烷基含2-6个碳原子。优选的N-脂族烃基亚烷基二胺是N-脂族烃基1,3-丙二胺。这些材料可商购,一个优选的实例是N-牛脂基-1,3-丙二胺与表氯醇的聚合物反应产物。
优选地,聚合物多胺反应产物具有大约2-20的聚合度。这些材料也描述在US 3,917,466中。
优选地,聚合物多胺反应产物呈磺酸盐形式。有用的是油溶性的磺酸例如烷烃磺酸或芳基磺酸。优选的实例是十二烷基苯磺酸。
抗静电添加剂(B)最优选是得自Innospec Inc.的商业产品450,申请人理解并旨在通过上述组分(B)的定义对其进行了描述。425也是适合的,其被认为是450的稀释形式。
优选地,添加剂组合物中聚合物(A)与抗静电添加剂(B)的重量:重量比为50:1-300:1,优选100:1-250:1。
如果方便,添加剂组合物还可以包含有机液体,其用来溶解、增溶或分散添加剂组合物的组分。所得的添加剂浓缩物可以更方便使用或储存并可以更容易计量加入燃料油中。适合的有机液体包括烃溶剂例如石脑油、煤油、柴油和加热油,芳族烃例如以‘SOLVESSO’商品名销售的那些,醇,醚及其它氧合物和链烷烃例如己烷、戊烷和异链烷烃。有机液体应该可与燃料油溶混以满足它能够与燃料油物理混合而形成在燃料油中的溶液或分散体。该液体将根据其与添加剂组合物和所述的燃料油的相容性进行选择,并且是本领域技术人员的常规选择问题。添加剂浓缩物可以适当地占有机液体的1-95重量%,优选10-70%,例如25-60%,其余部分是添加剂组合物和任选地满足燃料油内的不同目的所需的任何附加添加剂。一些任选的附加添加剂在下文进行描述。
如上所讨论,本发明的添加剂组合物可应用于燃料油。因此在第二个方面中,本发明提供包含主要量的燃料油和次要量的根据第一方面的添加剂组合物的燃料油组合物。
柴油可以是石油基燃料油,特别是中间馏分燃料油。此种馏分燃料油一般在110℃-500℃,例如150℃-400℃的范围内沸腾。本发明适用于所有类型的中间馏分燃料油,包括根据ASTM D-86测得具有50℃或更高的90%-20%沸腾温度差的蒸馏物。
燃料油可以包含常压馏分或真空馏分,裂化瓦斯油,或直馏和热裂化和/或催化裂化的馏分以任意比例的共混物。最常见的石油馏分燃料是煤油、喷射燃料、柴油燃料、加热用油和重质燃料油。加热用油可以是直馏常压馏分,或者也可以包含真空瓦斯油或裂化瓦斯油或二者。燃料还可以包含主要量或次要量的来自费-托工艺的组分。费-托燃料,亦称FT燃料,包括被描述为气至液燃料、煤和/或生物转化燃料的那些。为制备这种燃料,首先生成合成气(CO+H2),再将其经费-托工艺转化成正链烷烃和烯烃。然后,可以通过例如催化裂化/重整或异构化、加氢裂化和加氢异构化的工艺对正链烷烃进行改性,以生成例如异链烷烃、环烷烃和芳族化合物之类的各种烃。所得FT燃料可以直接使用,或与其它燃料组分和燃料类型,例如本说明书所提及的那些组合使用。
本发明还适用于含脂肪酸烷基酯的燃料油,所述脂肪酸烷基酯由衍生自动物或植物材料的油制造,所述燃料油通常称作生物燃料或生物柴油。生物燃料被一些人认为当燃烧时对环境的破坏性更小并由可再生来源获得。生物燃料的其它形式也包括在本发明中例如氢化植物油(HVO)和衍生自备选来源例如藻类的油。
适合油的动物或植物来源是菜籽油、低芥酸菜籽油、芫荽油、豆油、棉花籽油、向日葵油、蓖麻油、橄榄油、花生油、玉米油、杏仁油、棕榈坚果油、椰子油、芥子油、麻风树油、牛脂和鱼油。其它实例包括源自玉米、黄麻、芝麻、牛油果籽、地下坚果和亚麻子油的燃料油,并且可以通过本领域中已知的方法由其获得。菜籽油(它是用甘油部分酯化的脂肪酸的混合物)可大量获得并且可以以简单的方式通过压榨菜籽获得。再循环油例如用过的厨房油也是适合的。
作为脂肪酸的烷基酯,可以考虑以下,例如作为商业混合物:含12-22个碳原子的脂肪酸例如月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、反油酸、岩芹酸、蓖麻油酸、桐酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸、鳕油酸、二十二烷酸或芥酸的乙基、丙基、丁基酯,特别是甲基酯,它们具有50-150,特别是90-125的碘值。具有尤其有利的性能的混合物是主要含,即含至少50重量%的含16-22个碳原子和1、2或3个双键的脂肪酸的甲基酯的那些。优选的脂肪酸烷基酯是油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和芥酸的甲基酯。
所述种类的商业混合物例如通过动物和植物脂肪和油与低级(大约C1-C6)脂族醇的酯交换而将它们裂解和酯化来获得。为了制备脂肪酸的烷基酯,从含有低水平的饱和酸(少于20%)并具有小于130的碘值的脂肪和油开始是有利的。以下酯或油的共混物是适合的,例如菜籽、向日葵、芫荽、海狸油、蓖麻、黄豆、花生、棉子、牛脂等。基于某些种类具有超过80重量%的18碳原子不饱和脂肪酸的菜籽油的脂肪酸的烷基酯是尤其适合的。
尽管上述生物燃料都可以用作本发明中的燃料油,但是优选的是植物油衍生物,其中尤其优选的生物燃料是菜籽油、棉花籽油、豆油、向日葵油、橄榄油或棕榈油的烷基酯衍生物,菜籽油甲基酯是特别优选的。此类脂肪酸甲基酯通常在本领域中称作FAME。
生物燃料常与石油衍生的燃料油组合使用。本发明还适用于生物燃料和石油衍生燃料的任意比例的混合物。此类燃料通常称作“Bx”燃料,其中x代表生物燃料-石油共混物中的生物燃料的重量百分率。实例包括其中x是2或更大,优选5或更大,例如最多至10、25、50或95的燃料。当前德国的法规规定大致‘B7’的生物燃料。优选地,此类Bx基础燃料中的生物燃料组分包含脂肪酸烷基酯,最优选脂肪酸甲基酯。
本发明还适用于纯生物燃料。在这样的一个实施方案中,燃料油包含基本上100重量%的衍生自植物或动物源的燃料,优选基本上100重量%的脂肪酸烷基酯,最优选脂肪酸甲基酯。
喷射燃料的实例包括在大约65℃至大约330℃的温度范围内沸腾并以名称例如JP-4、JP-5、JP-7、JP-8、Jet A和Jet A-1销售的燃料。JP-4和JP-5在美国军用规格MIL-T-5624-N中规定,JP-8在美国军用规格MIL-T-83133-D中规定。Jet A、Jet A-1和Jet B在ASTM D1655中规定。
燃料油,不论石油或植物或动物衍生的,或合成的,具有低硫含量。通常,燃料的硫含量小于500wppm(按重量计,份/百万份)。优选地,燃料的硫含量小于100wppm,例如,小于50wppm,小于20wppm或小于10wppm。
在未经处理(即无添加剂)状态下,此类燃料油通常具有低导电性,通常小于10pSm-1,例如大约2-5pSm-1。
添加到燃料油中的添加剂组合物的量取决于燃料油的固有导电性和要达到的期望的目标导电性。然而,优选,添加剂组合物按5-1000重量份/百万重量份(wppm),优选5-500wppm,更优选5-200wppm的量存在于燃料油中,基于所述燃料油的重量(wppm)。
在优选的实施方案中,燃料油含有10-500wppm,更优选20-200wppm的聚合物(A)和0.1-10,更优选0.1-5wppm的抗静电添加剂(B)。为了消除疑问,本文对于(A)和(B)的量给出的数值范围的任何和全部端点值可以独立地结合产生应视为被明确公开的全部可能的范围组合。
如可被理解的那样,添加剂组合物可以以上文描述的添加剂浓缩物形式添加到燃料油中。在这种情况下,所使用的添加剂组合物的量或所使用的(A)和(B)的量与它们的活性成分(a.i.)含量有关。例如,向燃料油添加200wppm的含50重量%载体流体的浓缩物为燃料油提供100wppm的添加剂组合物。
如上所述,聚合物(A)和抗静电添加剂(B)相互协同作用提供具有提高的导电性的燃料油,该导电性大于仅仅使用相同量的(B)能达到的导电性。因此,在第三个方面中,本发明提供提高燃料油导电性的方法,其中燃料油含有本文定义的抗静电添加剂(B),该方法包括向燃料油中添加本文定义的聚合物(A);其中聚合物(A)与抗静电添加剂(B)在燃料油中的重量:重量比为1:1-500:1。
相似地,在第四个方面中,本发明提供本文定义的根据第一个方面的聚合物(A)提高燃料油导电性的用途,其中所述燃料油含有本文定义的抗静电添加剂(B)。
对于全部方面,以及如从上述清楚得知的那样,如果需要的话,添加剂组合物可以以添加剂浓缩物形式提供。
燃料油的导电性的测量是本领域技术人员已知的常规手段和方法。商业设备例如EmceeTMDigital Conductivity Meter(型号1152)是可利用的。该设备能够测量在0-2000picoSiemens/米(pS/m)的范围内的液体样品导电性,精度为1pS/m。
通常添加到燃料油中的其它添加剂也可以与本发明添加剂组合物一起使用。此类其它添加剂可以单独地导入燃料油中,但是更通常一起合并在上文描述的添加剂浓缩物中。添加剂的类别将本领域技术人员已知的并且以下实例并不意味着是穷举。
一类是能够改变燃料油的低温性能的添加剂。适合的材料是众所周知的并包括流动改进剂例如乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物和三元共聚物,例如,乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯/2-乙基己酸乙烯酯共聚物和乙烯/新癸酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯/2-乙基己酸乙烯酯三元共聚物,乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯/新壬酸乙烯酯三元共聚物、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯/新癸酸乙烯酯三元共聚物;梳状聚合物例如富马酸酯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物,包括含氮或与含氮单体共聚的那些;烃聚合物例如氢化聚丁二烯共聚物、乙烯/1-链烯共聚物和相似的聚合物。也适合的是本领域中已知的作为防蜡沉降添加剂(WASA)的添加剂。缩合物例如EP 0 857 776B1中所述的烷基-酚甲醛缩合物,或EP-A-1 482 024中所述的羟基苯甲酸酯甲醛缩合物也是适合的。
其它类别的添加剂是清净剂和分散剂,通常是烃基取代的琥珀酰亚胺物质;十六烷值改进剂;用来改进一些柴油发动机的排气系统上所带有的颗粒捕集器的再生的含金属添加剂;润滑性增强剂;其它导电性改进剂;染料及其它标记物;和抗氧化剂。本发明考虑了添加这些其它添加剂,它们的应用处理率也是本领域技术人员公知的。在一个优选的实施方案中,将本发明添加剂组合物与乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物和防蜡沉降添加剂中一种或两者合并,或组合使用。尤其优选的乙烯/不饱和酯共聚物是乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯/2-乙基己酸乙烯酯三元共聚物、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯/新壬酸乙烯酯三元共聚物和乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯/新癸酸乙烯酯三元共聚物。尤其优选的防蜡沉降添加剂是通过使邻苯二甲酸酐与两摩尔比例的二-氢化牛脂胺反应形成的酰胺-胺盐。
下面通过仅为非限制性的实施例描述本发明。
代表性的合成实施例
向配备有磁力搅拌器的清洁、干燥Schlenk管中添加甲基丙烯酸月桂酯(9.4g)、苯乙烯(1.6g)和其中聚乙二醇链段具有大约500的分子量的聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯(7.0g)(PEGMA500),以及AIBN(0.1g)和丁酮(40ml)。使所得的混合物冻融脱气三次,然后用氮气装填该管。然后将该管置于在磁力搅拌器/热板顶上的预加热铝加热块中并通过注射器添加催化剂配合物,CoBF(1ml 1.3×10-3mol dm-3溶液)。在正氮气压力下在80℃下搅拌该反应混合物4小时,获得聚合物。
对于下面的聚合物A7,使用聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯,其中聚乙二醇链段具有大约360的分子量(PEGMA360)。
使用相同程序通过用甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯代替聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯制备含HEMA的聚合物。
下表详详细给出了上述合成的聚合物(A)的实例。
在该表中,‘PEGMA500’是聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯单体,其中聚乙二醇链段具有大约500的分子量,‘PEGMA360’是聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯单体,其中聚乙二醇链段具有大约360的分子量,‘HEMA’是甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯。这些是式(II)的化合物的实例。‘C12MA’是甲基丙烯酸正十二烷基酯(或甲基丙烯酸月桂酯),其是式(I)的化合物;‘styrene’是苯乙烯,其是式(III)的化合物。
测试聚合物与抗静电添加剂(B)的组合的导电性:
B1:从Innospec Inc.获得的450。
使用EmceeTMDigital Conductivity Meter(型号1152)测量导电性。对含下表详述量的(A)和(B)的柴油燃料组合物进行测量。柴油燃料具有<10wt ppm的硫含量并具有大约5pS-1的固有导电性。
如上表中看出的那样,所试验的所有聚合物(A)当单独使用时(实施例1-10)能够提供导电性改进的柴油燃料。如预期的那样,抗静电添加剂B1当单独使用时也提供导电性改进的柴油燃料。然而,在所有情况下,聚合物(A)和抗静电添加剂的组合效果极大地超过从单独的每种材料的个体贡献预测的效果。这种协同的行为允许使用更少量的抗静电添加剂来提供相同或更好导电性。例如,可由3.0wppm B1贡献的导电性可以在如下情况下仅使用0.5wppm B1达到:在与50wppm A1组合时(参见Ex 13&Ex15);或与50wppm A2组合时(参见Ex 13&Ex 17);或与50wppm A3组合时(参见Ex 13&Ex 19);或与50wppm A4组合时(参见Ex 13&Ex 21);或与100wppm A5组合时(参见Ex 13&Ex 24);或与50wppm A6组合时(参见Ex 13&Ex 25)。昂贵的B1的量因此可以减少到六分之一。作为另一个实例,可由3.0wppm B1贡献的导电性在与仅5wppm A1组合时可以仅使用1.0wppm B1达到(参见Ex 13&Ex 31)。所以可以通过使用非常少量的A1实现所需要的B1的量减少到1/3。
Claims (11)
1.包含聚合物(A)和抗静电添加剂(B)的添加剂组合物,其中聚合物(A)包含以下单体组分:
(i)一种或多种式(I)的化合物
其中R1是氢或CH3;和R2是含6-30个碳原子的烃基并且是直链或支化链烷基,或脂族或芳族环状基;
(ii)一种或多种式(II)的化合物
其中R1具有上述含义和其中R3是氢或C1-C22烷基;每个R4独立地是氢或C1-C22烷基;R5是氢、取代或未取代的脂族或芳族环状基,或含1-22个碳原子的取代或未取代的直链或支化链烷基;n=0或1-22的整数;和m是1-30的整数;和
(iii)一种或多种式(III)的化合物
其中R6、R7、R8、R9和R10各自独立地是氢、可以被取代或未取代的含1-20个碳原子的直链或支化链烷基、羟基、NH2或其中R6、R7、R8、R9和R10中两个或更多个可以一起形成脂族或芳族环体系,该环体系可以是取代或未取代的;
其中抗静电添加剂(B)包含(iv)烯烃聚砜和(v)表氯醇和脂族伯单胺或N-脂族烃基亚烷基二胺的聚合物多胺反应产物,或所述聚合物多胺反应产物的磺酸盐;和其中所述添加剂组合物中的聚合物(A)与抗静电添加剂(B)的重量:重量比为1:1-500:1。
2.根据权利要求1的添加剂组合物,其中R3和每个R4是氢。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的添加剂组合物,其中n=1。
4.根据上述任一权利要求的添加剂组合物,其中R2是含12-18个碳原子的直链烷基。
5.根据上述任一权利要求的添加剂组合物,其中式(I)和式(II)中的R1是CH3。
6.根据上述任一权利要求的添加剂组合物,其中R6、R7、R8、R9和R10各自是氢。
7.根据上述任一权利要求的添加剂组合物,还包含有机液体。
8.燃料油组合物,包含主要量的燃料油和次要量的根据上述任一权利要求的添加剂组合物。
9.根据权利要求8的燃料油组合物,其中所述添加剂组合物按5-1000wppm,优选5-500wppm,更优选5-200wppm的量存在于所述燃料油中,基于所述燃料油的重量。
10.提高燃料油的导电性的方法,其中所述燃料油含有如权利要求1中所述的抗静电添加剂(B),所述方法包括将如权利要求1-6中所述的聚合物(A)添加到所述燃料油中;其中所述燃料油中的聚合物(A)与抗静电添加剂(B)的重量:重量比为1:1-500:1。
11.如权利要求1-6中所述的聚合物(A)提高燃料油的导电性的用途,其中所述燃料油含有如权利要求1中所述的抗静电添加剂(B)。
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- 2016-05-13 CA CA2929975A patent/CA2929975C/en active Active
- 2016-05-13 US US15/153,796 patent/US10344239B2/en active Active
- 2016-05-13 CN CN201610318246.2A patent/CN106147895A/zh active Pending
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Patent Citations (4)
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US3264376A (en) * | 1962-03-30 | 1966-08-02 | Rohm & Haas | Oil dispersant graft copolymers of vinyl acetate onto a polymeric alkyl acrylate backbone |
CN1279707A (zh) * | 1997-11-21 | 2001-01-10 | 罗麦斯添加剂有限公司 | 生物柴油和生物燃料油的添加剂 |
CN1576352A (zh) * | 2003-07-03 | 2005-02-09 | 英菲诺姆国际有限公司 | 燃料油组合物 |
CN101200659A (zh) * | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-18 | 英菲诺姆国际有限公司 | 添加剂组合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20160134519A (ko) | 2016-11-23 |
JP2017025292A (ja) | 2017-02-02 |
US20160333285A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
CA2929975C (en) | 2022-03-22 |
JP6609218B2 (ja) | 2019-11-20 |
EP3093332B1 (en) | 2018-03-14 |
KR102281693B1 (ko) | 2021-07-27 |
CA2929975A1 (en) | 2016-11-14 |
US10344239B2 (en) | 2019-07-09 |
EP3093332A1 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
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