CN106146554A - 一种新型磷酸盐的制备及利用新型磷酸盐制备的绿色环保工业开式齿轮油 - Google Patents

一种新型磷酸盐的制备及利用新型磷酸盐制备的绿色环保工业开式齿轮油 Download PDF

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CN106146554A
CN106146554A CN201610556176.4A CN201610556176A CN106146554A CN 106146554 A CN106146554 A CN 106146554A CN 201610556176 A CN201610556176 A CN 201610556176A CN 106146554 A CN106146554 A CN 106146554A
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phosphorus hydrochlorate
new phosphorus
gear oil
oil
environmental protection
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何茂伟
袁俊洲
徐金玲
乔良
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Shandong Source Root Petrochemical Co Ltd
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Shandong Source Root Petrochemical Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于工业开式齿轮润滑技术领域，涉及工业开式齿轮润滑剂及其应用，尤其涉及一种新型磷酸盐的制备及利用新型磷酸盐制备的绿色环保工业开式齿轮油，新型磷酸盐的制备：将相同摩尔质量的N‑十二烷基咪唑和磷酸三乙酯混合于圆底烧瓶中，在一定条件下生成浅棕色透明产物，在对其浅棕色透明产物进行多次洗涤，最终得到新型磷酸盐；工业开式齿轮油包括新型膦酸盐、二烷基硫代磷酸锌、极压剂、清净剂、分散剂、降凝剂和消泡剂。本发明合成了具有良好抗磨、溶解和黏附性能的新型膦酸盐并将其应用于工业开式齿轮的润滑油中，大大的提高了工业开式齿轮油的承载能力。

Description

一种新型磷酸盐的制备及利用新型磷酸盐制备的绿色环保工 业开式齿轮油
技术领域
本发明属于工业开式齿轮润滑技术领域，涉及工业开式齿轮润滑剂及其应用，尤其涉及一种新型磷酸盐的制备及利用新型磷酸盐制备的绿色环保工业开式齿轮油。
背景技术
随科学技术的发展，机械设备对润滑剂的质量要求越来越高。一些润滑剂产品都制定有相关的技术标准。在我国的工业生产中，各种机械运转设备中的传动与变速大多数采用齿轮装置。一般将用于润滑齿轮传动装置包括涡轮蜗杆的润滑油称为齿轮油。齿轮油可分为开式齿轮油、工业闭式齿轮油和车辆齿轮油等类型。其中，开式齿轮油用于暴露情况下运转齿轮的润滑，以延长其使用寿命，多用于开式、半开式齿轮箱以及重负荷齿轮装置的润滑系统，可广泛应用于水泥、冶金、矿业等行业的作业机械上，特别是应用在一些特大型的旋转设备上。由于开式（或半开式）传动是外露的，工作时必然要落进灰尘及其外界的各种因素的影响而引起磨损和油品的变质。因此，对开式齿轮油的质量要求非常严格，要求具有良好的粘附性和黏温特性，极压性能和抗磨性能，以保证油膜厚度和强度。
开式齿轮油产品主要有：沥青质开式齿轮油、精炼矿物油、润滑脂、合成型开式齿轮油/脂，胶黏润滑剂等。沥青质虽然是传统用油，但其应用中有一些明显的不足，如黏温性能差、冬天易变脆，易从齿轮上剥落，造成磨损；借助热管来升温时，加热不当可引起润滑剂的焦化或裂化；采用喷雾润滑时，容易造成喷雾系统堵塞；抗污染能力差，易吸收和保留住脏污，造成齿轮的磨粒磨损；在齿面上分布不均一，换油繁琐；溶剂挥发也容易造成空气污染和安全隐患等等。润滑脂在齿轮上成膜能力强、低温易于分散，但存在使用温度范围窄，清洁不好，耗量大等问题，在应用中受到限制。
目前的以矿物油或合成油为基础油的润滑油，多使用石墨、二硫化钼等固体添加剂，加入的固体添加剂存在添加剂分散不均，容易沉积，使不同层面的油品性能品质不同，影响使用性能。
发明内容
本发明针对上述的问题，提供了一种新型磷酸盐的制备及利用新型磷酸盐制备的绿色环保工业开式齿轮油。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为，
一种新型磷酸盐的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
a、将相同摩尔质量的N-十二烷基咪唑和磷酸三乙酯混合于圆底烧瓶中，再将圆底烧瓶置于温度为140-160℃的油浴锅内，进行反应；
b、反应8-12h之后，将圆底烧瓶从油浴锅内取出，自然冷却，得到浅棕色透明产物；
c、利用乙醚对浅棕色透明产物做洗涤处理，洗涤的次数为3-8次，最后真空去除乙醚，得到纯净的浅棕色透明产物，即为新型膦酸盐。
一种包含所述新型磷酸盐的绿色环保工业开式齿轮油，按质量份数具体包括：
新型膦酸盐 90-98份
二烷基硫代磷酸锌 0.1-0.4份
极压剂 0.5-1.5份
清净剂 0.2-0.7份
分散剂 0.3-0.5份
降凝剂 0.1-0.3份
消泡剂 0.0001-0.0002份；
其中，所述新型磷酸盐又可称为1-乙基-3-十二烷基咪唑二乙基膦酸盐。
作为优选，所述极压剂为硫化异丁烯、硫代磷酸三苯酯、硫代磷酸胺盐中一种或多种。
作为优选，所述清净剂为合成磺酸钙、烷基水杨酸或硫化烷基酚钙中的任意两种。
作为优选，所述分散剂为丁二酰亚胺。
作为优选，所述降凝剂为聚丙烯酸甲酯、聚α烯烃或T803B降凝剂中的一种。
作为优选，所述消泡剂乳化硅油、高碳醇脂肪酸酯复合物、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯季戊四醇醚或聚氧乙烯聚氧丙醇胺醚中的一种。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点和积极效果在于，
本发明合成了具有良好抗磨、溶解和黏附性能的1-乙基-3-十二烷基咪唑二乙基膦酸盐并将其应用于工业开式齿轮的润滑油中，降低了摩擦副表面的摩擦系数；负荷较低时，金属表面受机械能作用向外发射外逸电子,使摩擦副表面产生正电荷点, 由于离子液体的双电性结构,能牢牢的吸附在 金属表面形成物理吸附膜, 有效地隔开摩擦面, 从而起到减摩抗磨作用；当负荷较大时，磷、硫元素在摩擦副表面反应生成具有极压抗磨作用的化合物提高了材料表面的耐磨性能，起到了极压抗磨作用，具有良好的抗磨性、防锈、防腐蚀等性能。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的上述目的、特征和优点，下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明，但是，本发明还可以采用不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施，因此，本发明并不限于下面公开说明书的具体实施例的限制。
本发明主要是利用了离子液体的诸多优良的性能，如非挥发性或超低蒸汽压、不可燃、较高化学和热力学稳定性、低熔点、较宽的液相范围,以及与有机聚合物可控的相容性,容易制备,价格便宜等特点，本发明利用新型膦酸盐（可以称作膦酸盐离子液体，又可以称作1-乙基-3-十二烷基咪唑二乙基膦酸盐离子液体）良好的极压抗磨性能，将新型膦酸盐（可以称作膦酸盐离子液体，1-乙基-3-十二烷基咪唑二乙基膦酸盐离子液体）添加到基础油中调配了一种具有良好的极压抗磨性能的工业齿轮油，在摩擦副表面起到极佳的极压抗磨作用。
本发明提供了一种新型磷酸盐的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
a、将相同摩尔质量的N-十二烷基咪唑和磷酸三乙酯混合于圆底烧瓶中，再将圆底烧瓶置于温度为140-160℃的油浴锅内，进行反应；
b、反应8-12h之后，将圆底烧瓶从油浴锅内取出，自然冷却，得到浅棕色透明产物；
c、利用乙醚对浅棕色透明产物做洗涤处理，洗涤的次数为3-8次，最后真空去除乙醚，得到纯净的浅棕色透明产物，即为新型膦酸盐。
发明人经过大量的试验根据上述相关参数得出一个最优参数，具体为：
a、将相同摩尔质量的N-十二烷基咪唑和磷酸三乙酯混合于圆底烧瓶中，再将圆底烧瓶置于温度为150℃的油浴锅内，进行反应；
b、反应10h之后，将圆底烧瓶从油浴锅内取出，自然冷却，得到浅棕色透明产物；
c、利用乙醚对浅棕色透明产物做洗涤处理，洗涤的次数为5次，最后真空去除乙醚，得到纯净的浅棕色透明产物，即为新型膦酸盐。
其中新型磷酸盐又可以叫做1-乙基-3-十二烷基咪唑二乙基膦酸盐离子液体。
下面为发明人利用最优参数制备的新型磷酸盐制备绿色环保工业开式齿轮油。
实施例1
一种包含所述新型磷酸盐的绿色环保工业开式齿轮油，按质量份数具体包括：新型膦酸盐90份；二烷基硫代磷酸锌0.1份；极压剂0.5份；清净剂0.2份；分散剂0.3份；降凝剂0.1份；消泡剂0.0001份；将其上述组分均匀混合，制备得到工业开式齿轮油A。
实施例2
一种包含所述新型磷酸盐的绿色环保工业开式齿轮油，按质量份数具体包括：新型膦酸盐92份；二烷基硫代磷酸锌0.2份；极压剂0.8份；清净剂0.4份；分散剂0.4份；降凝剂0.2份；消泡剂0.0001份；将其上述组分均匀混合，制备得到工业开式齿轮油B。
实施例3
一种包含所述新型磷酸盐的绿色环保工业开式齿轮油，按质量份数具体包括：新型膦酸盐95份；二烷基硫代磷酸锌0.3份；极压剂1.2份；清净剂0.6份；分散剂0.5份；降凝剂0.3份；消泡剂0.0002份；将其上述组分均匀混合，制备得到工业开式齿轮油C。
实施例4
一种包含所述新型磷酸盐的绿色环保工业开式齿轮油，按质量份数具体包括：新型膦酸盐98份；二烷基硫代磷酸锌0.3份；极压剂1.5份；清净剂0.7份；分散剂0.5份；降凝剂0.3份；消泡剂0.0002份；将其上述组分均匀混合，制备得到工业开式齿轮油D。
实施例5
一种包含所述新型磷酸盐的绿色环保工业开式齿轮油，按质量份数具体包括：新型膦酸盐98份；二烷基硫代磷酸锌0.4份；极压剂1.5份；清净剂0.7份；分散剂0.5份；降凝剂0.3份；消泡剂0.0002份；将其上述组分均匀混合，制备得到工业开式齿轮油E。
将上述5个实施例中的工业开式齿轮油加入到相同类型的齿轮中，并对齿轮的承载能力做了检测，具体如下表所示：
承载能力（四球法），烧结负荷（PD） 承载能力（四球法），最大无卡咬负荷（Pb） FZG测试
工业齿轮油A 5890N 1292N 12级
工业齿轮油B 6105N 1357N 12级
工业齿轮油C 6279N 1408N 12级
工业齿轮油D 6408N 1493N 12级
工业齿轮油E 6544N 1532N 12级
普通的工业齿轮油 4900N 2900N 11级
通过上述表格中的数据，可以看出，利用本发明中制备的新型磷酸盐制备的工业齿轮油，其承载能力的烧结负荷和最大无卡咬负荷都要比普通的工业齿轮油要高很多；在同样利用新型磷钼酸制备的工业齿轮油，其承载能力的烧结负荷和最大无卡咬负荷给新型磷钼酸的占比有关系，在一定范围内，占比越高，其承载能力的烧结负荷和最大无卡咬负荷就越高。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例应用于其它领域，但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种新型磷酸盐的制备方法，其特征在于，具体包括以下步骤：
将相同摩尔质量的N-十二烷基咪唑和磷酸三乙酯混合于圆底烧瓶中，再将圆底烧瓶置于温度为140-160℃的油浴锅内，进行反应；
反应8-12h之后，将圆底烧瓶从油浴锅内取出，自然冷却，得到浅棕色透明产物；
利用乙醚对浅棕色透明产物做洗涤处理，洗涤的次数为3-8次，最后真空去除乙醚，得到纯净的浅棕色透明产物，即为新型磷酸盐。
2.一种包含权利要求1中所述新型磷酸盐的绿色环保工业开式齿轮油，其特征在于，按质量份数具体包括：
。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种包含权利要求1中所述新型磷酸盐的绿色环保工业开式齿轮油，其特征在于，所述极压剂为硫化异丁烯、硫代磷酸三苯酯、硫代磷酸胺盐中一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种包含权利要求1中所述新型磷酸盐的绿色环保工业开式齿轮油，其特征在于，所述清净剂为合成磺酸钙、烷基水杨酸或硫化烷基酚钙中的任意两种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种包含权利要求1中所述新型磷酸盐的绿色环保工业开式齿轮油，其特征在于，所述分散剂为丁二酰亚胺。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种包含权利要求1中所述新型磷酸盐的绿色环保工业开式齿轮油，其特征在于，所述降凝剂为聚丙烯酸甲酯、聚α烯烃或T803B降凝剂中的一种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种包含权利要求1中所述新型磷酸盐的绿色环保工业开式齿轮油，其特征在于，所述消泡剂乳化硅油、高碳醇脂肪酸酯复合物、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯季戊四醇醚或聚氧乙烯聚氧丙醇胺醚中的一种。
CN201610556176.4A 2016-07-15 2016-07-15 一种新型磷酸盐的制备及利用新型磷酸盐制备的绿色环保工业开式齿轮油 Pending CN106146554A (zh)

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