CN106140112B - 一种从酸性水溶液中同时分离钯铯锶的方法 - Google Patents
一种从酸性水溶液中同时分离钯铯锶的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011219 quaternary composite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N ethyl (e)-3-[3-amino-2-cyano-1-[(e)-3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C\SC(=C(C#N)C(N)=O)S\C=C\C(=O)OCC NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 metals ion Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical class C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=C1 FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017504 Nd(NO3)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical class CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005250 beta ray Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium nitrate Inorganic materials [Cs+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical class ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009514 concussion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005594 diketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001455 metallic ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004375 physisorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001994 rare earth metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002915 spent fuel radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium nitrate Inorganic materials [Sr+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KUBYTSCYMRPPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Yb+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KUBYTSCYMRPPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种从酸性水溶液中同时分离钯铯锶的方法,将四元复合材料与硝酸水溶液混合,硝酸水溶液中的钯铯锶被四元复合材料吸附分离,所述硝酸水溶液中含有Pd(Ⅱ)、Cs(I)、Sr(Ⅱ)和其他金属离子,其他金属离子为Li(I)、Na(I)、K(I)、Ca(Ⅱ)、Mg(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)、Nd(Ⅲ)、La(Ⅲ)、Ru(Ⅲ)、Yb(Ⅲ)、Y(Ⅲ)、Zr(Ⅳ)中的至少一种;所述四元复合材料以弱极性大孔树脂为载体,载体上同时负载如结构式Ⅰ所示的化合物Ⅰ、如结构式Ⅱ所示的化合物Ⅱ和如结构式Ⅲ所示的化合物Ⅲ。本发明提供的分离方法,简单易行,且选择性好,适用于冶金行业以及高放废液中钯铯锶的同时分离回收利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及元素分离技术领域,具体涉及一种从酸性水溶液中同时分离钯铯锶的方法。
背景技术
贵金属钯具有特殊的结构,对氢气和氧气有特殊的吸附能力,因此,在工业催化领域占有无法取代的地位。
钯除了具有优良的催化活性之外,在很宽的温度范围内能保持化学惰性且具有熔点高、耐摩擦、耐腐蚀、延展性强、热电稳定性强等特性,被广泛应用于国民工业的各个领域。
铯是一种金黄色,熔点低的活泼金属,在空气中极易被氧化,能与水剧烈反应生成氢气且爆炸。铯在自然界没有单质形态,铯元素以盐的形式极少的分布于陆地和海洋中。铯也是制造真空件器、光电管等的重要材料。
锶是一种放射性同位素,可作β射线放射源,半衰期为25年。锶由于其很强的吸收X射线辐射功能和独特的物理化学性能,而被广泛应用于电子、化工、冶金、军工、轻工、医药和光学等各个领域。钡、锶、钙和镁同是碱土金属,也是地壳中含量较多的元素。
在冶金行业以及乏燃料后处理产生的高放废液处理中,需要对金属元素钯铯锶进行分离,现有技术中,缺乏简单易行的分离手段。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种从酸性水溶液中同时分离钯铯锶的方法,采用多孔性有机功能配体和大孔树脂复合得到的四元复合材料进行元素分离,操作简单易行,选择性好,能够将钯、铯和锶同时进行吸附分离回收利用。
一种从酸性水溶液中同时分离钯铯锶的方法,将四元复合材料与含有多种金属离子的硝酸水溶液混合,硝酸水溶液中离子形态的钯铯锶被四元复合材料吸附分离,所述硝酸水溶液中含有Pd(Ⅱ)、Cs(I)、Sr(Ⅱ)和其他金属离子,其他金属离子为Li(I)、Na(I)、K(I)、Ca(Ⅱ)、Mg(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)、Nd(Ⅲ)、La(Ⅲ)、Ru(Ⅲ)、Yb(Ⅲ)、Y(Ⅲ)、Zr(Ⅳ)中的至少一种;
所述四元复合材料以弱极性大孔树脂为载体,载体上同时负载如结构式Ⅰ所示的化合物Ⅰ、如结构式Ⅱ所示的化合物Ⅱ和如结构式Ⅲ所示的化合物Ⅲ;
本发明中将三种具有特异性吸附功能的化合物与弱极性大孔树脂相复合,得到的四元复合材料对于钯铯锶具有特异性吸附作用,用于从含有碱金属、碱土金属、稀土元素以及典型过渡金属的多元素酸性水溶液中,将钯铯锶分离出来。钯铯锶的进一步分离可以采用现有技术。
作为优选,化合物Ⅰ、化合物Ⅱ和化合物Ⅲ等质量负载在载体上。
载体上同时负载相同质量的化合物Ⅰ(双三嗪双吡啶衍生物)、化合物Ⅱ(超分子识别试剂杯[4]单冠醚,正丙基-杯[4]单冠-6,简称BnPCalix[4]MC6)和化合物Ⅲ(2-叔丁基-2环己基-18-冠-6),三种负载物之间相互协同,产生对钯铯锶特异性吸附的效果。
所述载体为离子交换树脂XAD-7。离子交换树脂XAD-7作为一种已经市场化的弱极性大孔树脂材料,原料易得。
作为优选,化合物Ⅰ的与载体的质量比为1:8-10。化合物Ⅱ和化合物Ⅲ的负载量与化合物Ⅰ相同。
作为优选,四元复合材料的制备方法如下:
将化合物Ⅰ、化合物Ⅱ和化合物Ⅲ溶于二氯甲烷中,在所得溶液中加入载体混合均匀,经旋蒸干燥后,得到四元复合材料。
化合物Ⅰ、化合物Ⅱ和化合物Ⅲ的质量比为1:1:1,每g化合物Ⅰ溶解于450-550mL二氯甲烷中,旋蒸时,使大部分二氯甲烷挥发至近干状态,在毛细作用以及物理吸附作用下,化合物分子进入载体的空隙中,然后将近干状态的物料在50-60℃下真空干燥至少24小时,得到四元复合材料。
作为优选,每g四元复合材料与20-30mL硝酸水溶液混合。本发明提供的四元复合材料选择性好,分离效率高,少量使用,即能达到理想的分离效果。
为了保证分离效果,优选地,四元复合材料与含有多种金属离子的硝酸水溶液在室温下(25±5℃)混合吸附,吸附时间为120-180min。混合吸附在振荡条件下进行,振荡速率为120-150rpm。
在进行元素分离时,硝酸水溶液中硝酸的浓度以及硝酸水溶液中金属离子的浓度均会影响分离效果,优选地,硝酸水溶液中,硝酸的浓度为2-6mol/L。进一步优选,硝酸水溶液中,硝酸的浓度为3-5mol/L。硝酸水溶液中,每种金属离子的浓度为5.0×10-4-1.0×10- 3M。
本发明提供的四元复合材料吸附能力强,选择性好,且制备方法简单易行,适用于冶金行业以及核燃料循环得到的高放废液中钯铯锶的同时分离回收利用。
附图说明
图1为实施例1合成的目标产物C8-BTBP的MS-ESI阳离子图谱;
图2为实施例1合成的目标产物C8-BTBP的1H NMR图谱;
图3为实施例2制备的四元复合材料从硝酸水溶液中分离元素钴和镍的分配系数随硝酸浓度变化的关系图。
具体实施方式
实施例1 C8-BTBP的合成
C8-BTBP合成的化学反应方程式如下所示:
具体步骤如下:
在500mL单口烧瓶中依次加入450.0mL无水四氢呋喃、5.1g化合物9,10-十八-二酮和10.0mL三乙胺,在搅拌条件下加入2.2g化合物[2,2`]-联吡啶-6,6`-二甲酰胺腙,在氮气保护下,69-72℃回流搅拌反应至溶液变澄清(化合物[2,2`]-联吡啶-6,6`-二甲酰胺腙和化合物9,10-十八-二酮以摩尔比1:2.2进行反应,二酮过量)。
停止反应后,过滤除去固体残渣,滤液经蒸馏除去无水四氢呋喃,得粗产品,然后用无水乙醚研磨,抽滤除去溶剂得到固体,用石油醚/乙酸乙酯作为流动相(体积比4:1)进行柱色谱技术分离和纯化,得到目标化合物,在60℃下真空干燥5h,最终得到2.5g金黄色固体,产率40.3%。
C8-BTBP化合物表征
a.C8-BTBP的元素分析,结果见表1。
表1
C,% | H,% | N,% | |
理论值 | 75.73 | 9.86 | 14.42 |
实验值 | 75.48 | 9.82 | 14.64 |
C8-BTBP的分子式为C48H74N8,测得C、H、N实验值与理论值相吻合,说明合成的6,6'-双(5,6-二–辛基-1,2,4-三嗪-3-基)-2,2'-联吡啶(C8-BTBP)是要合成的目标化合物。
b.MS-ESI分析,结果见图1。
测试了C8-BTBP的MS-ESI阳离子图谱,分析结果表明:[M+H+]=763.6,[M-2H++Na+]=783.0,[M+Na+]=785.5,计算值m/z为762.6。C8-BTBP的理论分子量为762.6,此结果与C8-BTBP分子量的理论值相符。
MS-ESI分析说明合成了目标化合物。
c.1H NMR分析,结果见图2。
测试了合成的C8-BTBP化合物的1H NMR图谱,分析结果表明:(1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ=0.8-0.9ppm,m,4×CH3,12H;δ=1.2-1.6ppm,m,20×CH2,40H;δ=1.8-1.9ppm,m,4×CH2,8H;δ=2.9-3.0ppm,t,4×CH2,8H;δ=8.1ppm,t,Ar-H,2H;δ=8.7ppm,d,Ar-H,2H;δ=9.0ppm,d,Ar-H,2H。
图2中δ=7.2ppm为氘代氯仿的峰,δ=5.3ppm处的单峰是溶剂二氯甲烷中质子形成的峰,化学位移和氢原子个数等指认结果均与C8-BTBP的结构信息相符。
实施例2
分别将0.2g实施例1制备的C8-BTBP(结构式Ⅰ所示的化合物)、0.2g冠醚(2-叔丁基-2-环己基-18-冠-6,即结构式Ⅱ所示的化合物)以及0.2g杯芳单冠(正丙基-杯[4]-单冠-6,即结构式Ⅲ所示的化合物)固体溶解于100.0mL二氯甲烷中,充分溶解得到淡黄色澄清溶液;向此淡黄色澄清溶液中加入1.8g离子交换树脂XAD-7搅拌均匀,并使用旋转蒸发仪,在减压条件下旋转蒸发使二氯甲烷挥发至物料到近干状态,然后再将近干状态的物料在55℃下真空干燥24h,将三种有机功能配体负载在离子交换树脂XAD-7上,得到四元复合材料。
实施例3
分别将0.2g实施例1制备的C8-BTBP(结构式Ⅰ所示的化合物)、0.2g冠醚(2-叔丁基-2-环己基-18-冠-6,即结构式Ⅱ所示的化合物)以及0.2g杯芳单冠(正丙基-杯[4]-单冠-6,即结构式Ⅲ所示的化合物)固体溶解于90.0mL二氯甲烷中,充分溶解得到淡黄色澄清溶液;向此淡黄色澄清溶液中加入1.6g离子交换树脂XAD-7搅拌均匀,并使用旋转蒸发仪,在减压条件下旋转蒸发使二氯甲烷挥发至物料到近干状态,然后再将近干状态的物料在50℃下真空干燥24h,将三种有机功能配体负载在离子交换树脂XAD-7上,得到四元复合材料。
实施例4
分别将0.2g实施例1制备的C8-BTBP(结构式Ⅰ所示的化合物)、0.2g冠醚(2-叔丁基-2-环己基-18-冠-6,即结构式Ⅱ所示的化合物)以及0.2g杯芳单冠(正丙基-杯[4]-单冠-6,即结构式Ⅲ所示的化合物)固体溶解于110.0mL二氯甲烷中,充分溶解得到淡黄色澄清溶液;向此淡黄色澄清溶液中加入2.0g离子交换树脂XAD-7搅拌均匀,并使用旋转蒸发仪,在减压条件下旋转蒸发使二氯甲烷挥发至物料到近干状态,然后再将近干状态的物料在60℃下真空干燥24h,将三种有机功能配体负载在离子交换树脂XAD-7上,得到四元复合材料。
实施例5-11
(1)将碱金属硝酸盐LiNO3、NaNO3、KNO3、CsNO3;碱土金属硝酸盐Mg(NO3)2、Ca(NO3)2、Sr(NO3)2;贵金属Pd(5%w/w)硝酸盐溶液;Ru的硝酸盐溶液;过渡金属盐Fe(NO3)3、ZrO(NO3)2以及稀土金属氧化物Y2O3、稀土金属硝酸盐La(NO3)3、Yb(NO3)3、Nd(NO3)3溶解于去离子水中配制成硝酸浓度为4.0M且同时含有15种金属元素的硝酸水溶液,该硝酸水溶液中所含的15种金属离子的浓度分别约为2.0×10-3-5.0×10-3M。
(2)在硝酸水溶液中加入浓硝酸和去离子水进行稀释,调节硝酸水溶液中的硝酸浓度分别为0.4、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0、6.0M,每种金属离子的浓度为5.0×10-4M。
(3)将实施例2制备得到的四元复合材料与步骤(2)得到的不同硝酸浓度的硝酸水溶液分别进行混合,混合时的用量比为:每3.0mL硝酸水溶液对应0.15g四元复合材料。
(4)将步骤(3)所得混合液在TAITECMM-10型振荡器上进行震荡使固液相充分接触,振荡器振荡速率为120rpm,温度为298K,为使吸附达到平衡,振荡时间设置为120min,然后用等离子体电感耦合原子发生光谱(ICP-OES)和原子吸收光谱(AA240)对吸附前后水相中各元素的含量进行检测。
实施例5-11的吸附结果如图3所示,当硝酸浓度为3.0mol/L时,该四元复合材料同时吸附分离元素钯,锶,铯的性能最佳,分配系数分别为1300cm3/g,84cm3/g,108cm3/g,与此同时四元复合材料对其他12种共存金属离子的吸附分配系数均小于10cm3/g,这表明在3.0M硝酸条件下,四元复合材料能够同时将金属钯,锶和铯从含有多种碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属以及稀土元素的硝酸水溶液中有效地分离出来。
Claims (8)
1.一种从酸性水溶液中同时分离钯铯锶的方法,其特征在于,将四元复合材料与含有多种金属离子的硝酸水溶液混合,硝酸水溶液中离子形态的钯铯锶被四元复合材料吸附分离,所述硝酸水溶液中含有Pd(Ⅱ)、Cs(I)、Sr(Ⅱ)和其他金属离子,其他金属离子为Li(I)、Na(I)、K(I)、Ca(Ⅱ)、Mg(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)、Nd(Ⅲ)、La(Ⅲ)、Ru(Ⅲ)、Yb(Ⅲ)、Y(Ⅲ)、Zr(Ⅳ)中的至少一种;
所述四元复合材料以弱极性大孔树脂为载体,载体上同时负载如结构式Ⅰ所示的化合物Ⅰ、如结构式Ⅱ所示的化合物Ⅱ和如结构式Ⅲ所示的化合物Ⅲ;
化合物Ⅰ、化合物Ⅱ和化合物Ⅲ等质量负载在载体上。
2.如权利要求1所述的从酸性水溶液中同时分离钯铯锶的方法,其特征在于,化合物Ⅰ的与载体的质量比为1:8-10。
3.如权利要求1所述的从酸性水溶液中同时分离钯铯锶的方法,其特征在于,所述载体为离子交换树脂XAD-7。
4.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的从酸性水溶液中同时分离钯铯锶的方法,其特征在于,四元复合材料的制备方法如下:
将化合物Ⅰ、化合物Ⅱ和化合物Ⅲ溶于二氯甲烷中,在所得溶液中加入载体混合均匀,经旋蒸干燥后,得到四元复合材料。
5.如权利要求1所述的从酸性水溶液中同时分离钯铯锶的方法,其特征在于,每g四元复合材料与20-30mL硝酸水溶液混合。
6.如权利要求1所述的从酸性水溶液中同时分离钯铯锶的方法,其特征在于,四元复合材料与含有多种金属离子的硝酸水溶液在室温下混合吸附,吸附时间为120-180min。
7.如权利要求1所述的从酸性水溶液中同时分离钯铯锶的方法,其特征在于,硝酸水溶液中,硝酸的浓度为2-6mol/L。
8.如权利要求1所述的从酸性水溶液中同时分离钯铯锶的方法,其特征在于,硝酸水溶液中,每种金属离子的浓度为5.0×10-4-1.0×10-3M。
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