CN106138469A - 一种用于治疗破伤风的中药胶囊 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗破伤风的中药胶囊 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于治疗破伤风的中药胶囊,由以下重量配比的中药材制备而成:野刀豆12份、甜瓜子14份、柴胡8份、蜈蚣6份、铁刀木叶7份、灯台叶6份、糯米藤6份、冬青叶5份、甘草6份、拳参10份、防风7份、黄柏5份、全蝎5份、僵蚕5份、天花粉5份、阔叶石韦9份、苦葛花15份、南千斤藤7份、荜拔菜9份、夜花5份、多荚草10份。临床实验证明,本发明通过中药材的合理配伍,有助于治疗破伤风,且能有效减少并发症,达到整体调节和远期效果的良好功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种中药胶囊,具体涉及一种用于治疗破伤风的中药胶囊。
背景技术
破伤风是因患者受伤而引起的一种特异性感染性疾病,本病可因破伤风梭状芽胞杆菌的芽抱体侵入患者脐部并发育成增殖体而引起,其增殖体繁殖迅速,并可产生多种毒素,在这些毒素中最重要的则为痉挛毒素。患者临床上多表现为肌肉阵发性痉挛和强直收缩、牙关紧闭,其中阵发性痉挛处于间歇期的时间长短不一。近年破伤风的发病率虽已下降,但患者一旦感染本病,将对其生命安全造成严重威胁。中医治疗,只凭少数几味药难以照顾全面,须将多种药物适当配合,提高疗效或减少不良反应,以适应复杂病情的治疗。鉴于各种中药材的多种活性成分在体内的相互作用十分复杂,各种药物在体内的药代动力学和药效学等方面的变化会对药物之间的相互作用产生各种影响,药物联用时,既可能产生协同增效的药效,也可能产生拮抗作用,进而导致药物治疗作用减弱或治疗失败,有些药物联用还会使得药物毒性增强,引起不良反应;即使药物联用使得作用增强,但当治疗作用过度增强时会超出机体所能耐受的能力,也可引起不良反应,乃至危害患者。部分研究往自拟中药方剂以期治疗破伤风,其中最易出现的问题是方剂配伍不合理,常常是只从某些单味或复方药的个别功能主治与某些药效学指标去生搬硬套中医药理论,方剂药味随意加减,造成组方不合理,与中医药理论相矛盾。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种用于治疗破伤风的中药胶囊,通过中药材的合理配伍,有助于治疗破伤风,且能有效防止复发,达到整体调节和远期效果的良好功效。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种用于治疗破伤风的中药胶囊,由以下重量配比的中药材制备而成:野刀豆12份、甜瓜子14份、柴胡8份、蜈蚣6份、铁刀木叶7份、灯台叶6份、糯米藤6份、冬青叶5份、甘草6份、拳参10份、防风7份、黄柏5份、全蝎5份、僵蚕5份、天花粉5份、阔叶石韦9份、苦葛花15份、南千斤藤7份、荜拔菜9份、夜花5份、多荚草10份。
制备方法为:将上述药材分别去除杂质后混合,送入烘干箱内于120℃温度下烘干,粉碎成100-130目细末,经紫外线消毒后按0.5g/粒装入胶囊,即为成品。
本发明各中药成份的药理分析如下:
野刀豆【来源】豆科植物野刀豆的种子和根。【性味】味甜。性平。入四塔。【功能主治】调补四塔,清火解毒,杀虫止痒。主治体质虚弱多病,乏力,不思饮食,失眠,疔疮痈疖脓肿,皮肤瘙痒,斑疹,疥癣,湿疹。
柴胡【来源】伞形科植物柴胡或狭叶柴胡的干燥根。【功能主治】和解表里,疏肝,升阳。用于感冒发热,寒热往来,胸胁胀痛,月经不调,子官脱垂,脱肛。
蜈蚣【来源】蜈蚣科动物少棘巨蜈蚣的干燥体。【性味】辛,温;有毒。【归经】归肝经。【功能主治】息风镇痉,功毒散结,通络止痛。用于小儿惊风,抽搐痉挛,中风口歪,半身不遂,破伤风,风湿顽痹,疮疡,瘰疬,毒蛇咬伤。
铁刀木叶【来源】豆科决明属植物铁刀木的干燥小叶。【性味】味苦、性寒,入水、风塔。【功能主治】祛风除湿、消肿止痛、杀虫止痒。
灯台叶【来源】夹竹桃科鸡骨常山属植物糖胶树的干燥树叶。【性味】味苦、微涩、寒。【功能主治】清火解毒、消肿止痛、止咳化痰。
糯米藤【来源】为荨麻科植物糯米团的带根全草。【性味】甘苦,凉。【功能主治】清热解毒,健脾,止血。治疗疮,痈肿,瘰疬,痢疾,妇女白带,小儿疳积,吐血,外伤出血。
冬青叶【来源】 为冬青科植物冬青的叶片。【化学成份】 叶含两种抑菌成分,其中之一是原儿茶酸,另含挥发油、黄酮类。【性味】苦涩,寒。【功能主治】 治烫伤,溃疡久不愈合,闭塞性脉管炎,急、慢性支气管炎,肺炎,尿路感染,菌痢,外伤出血,冻瘃,皲裂。
甘草【来源】 本品为豆科植物甘草的干燥根。【性味】 甘,平。【归经】 归心、肺、脾、胃经 。【功能主治】 补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药。用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心悸气短,咳嗽痰多,脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛,痈肿疮毒,缓解药物毒性、烈性。
拳参【来源】 为蓼科植物革叶蓼的根茎。秋季采挖,洗净,硒干。【性味】涩微苦,平,无毒。【功能主治】 清热,解毒,收敛,生肌。治痢疾,腹泻,痈肿,痔疮,汤火伤。
甜瓜子【来源】为葫芦科植物甜瓜的干燥成熟种子。【性味】一级热二级湿,味甘。【功能主治】生湿生热,清理肾脏、膀胱、肠道,利尿排石,开通肝阻,止咳化痰,补肾填精,祛斑生辉。主治于寒性或黑胆质性疾病,如泌尿系统结石,尿闭便秘,肝脏炎肿,咽燥喉干,咳嗽黏痰,肾虚精少,各种黑斑等。
防风【来源】伞形科植物防风的干燥根。【性味】辛、甘,温。【归经】归膀胱、肝、脾经。【功能主治】 解表祛风,胜湿,止痉。
黄柏【来源】 本品为芸香科植物黄皮树的干燥树皮。【性味】 苦,寒。【归经】 归肾、膀胱经。【功能主治】 清热燥湿,泻火除蒸,解毒疗疮。用于湿热泻痢,黄疸,带下,热淋,脚气,骨蒸劳热,盗汗,遗精,疮疡肿毒,湿疹瘙痒。
全蝎【来源】钳蝎科动物东亚钳蝎的干燥体。【性味】辛,平;有毒。【归经】归肝经。【功能主治】息风镇痉,攻毒散结,通络止痛。用于小儿惊风,抽搐痉挛,中风口歪,半身不遂,破伤风,风湿顽痹,偏正头痛,疮疡,瘰疬。
僵蚕【来源】 本品为蚕蛾科昆虫家蚕4~5龄的幼虫感染(或人工接种)白僵菌而致死的幼虫干燥体。【性味】 咸、辛,平。【归经】 归肝、肺、胃经。【功能主治】 祛风定惊,化痰散结。用于惊风抽搐,咽喉肿痛,皮肤瘙痒,颌下淋巴结炎,面神经麻痹。
天花粉【来源】 药材基源:为葫芦科植物栝楼及中华栝楼的根。【性味】 味甘;微苦;性微寒。【归经】 归肺;胃经。【功能主治】 清热生津;润肺化痰;消肿排浓。主热病口渴;消渴多饮;肺热燥咳;疮疡肿毒。
阔叶石韦【来源】为水龙骨科植物阔叶石韦的全草。【性味】苦;凉。【功能主治】利尿通淋;收敛止血。主治热淋;血淋;肾炎水肿;吐血;衄血;崩漏;外伤出血。
苦葛花【来源】为豆科植物峨眉葛藤的花。【性味】性平,味辛苦。【功能主治】治痔疮,解酒毒。
南千斤藤【来源】为防已科植物桐叶千斤藤的块根。【性味】味苦、麻,性凉。有小毒。【功能主治】清火解毒,消肿止痛,祛风除湿,镇静安神。主治胃脘痛,腹部包块,风寒湿痹证,肢体关节酸痛,屈伸不利,失眠多梦。【性味】抗炎,抗菌,防癌。
荜拔菜【来源】为胡椒科植物假蒟的全株或根、叶、果。【性味】味甘,气清香,性平。【功能主治】清火解毒,杀虫止痒,除风止痛,凉血止血。主治牙痛,食物中毒,恶心呕吐,疥疮,癣,风寒湿痹证,肢体关节酸痛,屈伸不利,月经失调,崩漏。
巴夏嘎【来源】车前科植物毛果婆婆钠等同属近缘植物的干燥全草。【性味】气味苦味,性寒。【功能主治】清热、愈疮、生肌、止血 、明目 。临床上广泛用于疮疗,创伤,炎症,眼疾。
夜花【来源】为马鞭草科植物夜花的茎、叶。【性味】味微甘,性凉。【功能主治】祛风除湿,利水消肿,通气血,止痛。主治风寒湿痹证,肢体关节酸痛,屈伸不利,水肿,产后恶露不尽。
多荚草【来源】为石竹科植物多荚草的全草。【性味】味麻,性热。【功能主治】祛风,杀虫,止痒。主治麻风病,癣。
绿萝花【来源】为天南星科喜林芋属植物绿萝花的干燥花蕾,产于西藏寒冷地带及喜马拉雅山脉区域。【性味】性微寒。【功能主治】抗氧化、降血糖。
光叶花榈木【来源】为豆科植物秃叶红豆的果子。【性味】味苦,性冷,小毒。【功能主治】解痉止痛,凉血止血,利水渗湿。主治心胃气痛,膀胱热淋,小便短赤,淋漓涩痛,咳血,腹泻。
昆明山海棠【来源】药材基源:为卫矛科植物昆明山海棠的根。【性味】苦;辛;微温;有大毒。【归经】肝;脾;肾经。【功能主治】祛风除湿;活血止血;舒筋接骨;解毒杀虫。主风湿痹痛;半身不遂;疝气痛;痛经;月经过多;产后腹痛;出血不止;急性传染性肝炎;慢性肾炎;红斑狼疮;癌肿;跌打骨折;骨髓炎;骨结核;副睾结核;疮毒;银屑病;神经性皮炎。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明精选药物组方,其药物组分经辩证配伍,在作用上相辅相成,具有协同作用,对破伤风的治疗达到标本同治。组方讲究君臣佐使、四气五味升降浮沉,野刀豆、多荚草、甜瓜子、苦葛花等6味药材共为君药,在复方中起主导作用,通过作用于主要靶点来治疗疾病;柴胡、阔叶石韦、糯米藤等8味药材共为臣药,通过作用于与君药相同的靶点来增强君药的药理作用,从而减少君药所需剂量;其余为佐、使草药,以提高君、臣药的生物利用度,协调他们各成份的活性。方中,多荚草与苦葛花相伍,对于引起破伤风的痉挛毒素有显著抑制效果。柴胡、甜瓜子、荜拔菜三药同用,可补正气不足,防止风毒乘虚而入。拳参、阔叶石韦相须为用,不仅可以收敛生肌,还可以气血畅通,增强抗病能力。
2、本发明针对破伤风发病机理,从多靶点、多环节、多途径展开治疗,在临床实践中具有起效快、疗效确切、患者依从性好,安全无毒副作用,能明显提高病人自身免疫力,标本兼治防止复发,因而具有广阔的临床应用前景。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解和实施本发明,下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例1
称取:野刀豆12克、甜瓜子14克、柴胡8克、蜈蚣6克、铁刀木叶7克、灯台叶6克、糯米藤6克、冬青叶5克、甘草6克、拳参10克、防风7克、黄柏5克、全蝎5克、僵蚕5克、天花粉5克、阔叶石韦9克、苦葛花15克、南千斤藤7克、荜拔菜9克、夜花5克、多荚草10克。
制备方法为:将上述药材分别去除杂质后混合,送入烘干箱内于120℃温度下烘干,粉碎成100-130目细末,紫外线消毒后按0.5g/粒装入胶囊,即为成品。
用法用量:口服,每日2次,早晚各1次,每次1粒,饭后温开水送服;10天为1个疗程,连续服用2个疗程。
临床资料:
1、病例选择:
选择在我院诊治的破伤风患者40例临床观察,临床症状均符合破伤风诊治标准。病人随机分成治疗组和对照组两组,治疗组20例,对照组20例。治疗组和对照组两组病例的病程、症状轻重程度基本一致,无显著差异,具有可比性。
2、药物选择:
治疗组服用本发明实施例1所制得的中药胶囊,口服,每日2次,早晚各1次,每次1粒,饭后温开水送服;10天为1个疗程。
对照组给予巴氯芬等常规西药综合治疗,疗程同治疗组。
连续冶疗2个疗程,对比两组疗效。
3、疗效判定:
(1)治愈:患者的痉挛发作状况完全改善,患者的异常肌张力恢复正常。
(2)好转:痉挛发作状况有所改善,其发作的间歇期时间延长,肌张力明显改善。
(3)未愈:痉挛发作状况未得到改善,甚至发作次数更为频繁。
4、结果:
选用本发明实施例1中药胶囊的治疗组中,治愈15例,好转5例,未愈0例,治愈率70%,总有效率100%。平均治愈时间15天。对治愈及好转患者跟踪随访24个月,无1例复发。
对照组中治愈7例,好转7例,未愈6例,治愈率35%,总有效率70%。平均治愈时间19天。对治愈及好转患者跟踪随访24个月,2例复发。
以上结果显示,治疗组的治愈率和总有效率明显高于对照组。
实施例2
称取:野刀豆12克、甜瓜子14克、柴胡8克、蜈蚣6克、铁刀木叶7克、灯台叶6克、糯米藤6克、冬青叶5克、甘草6克、拳参10克、防风7克、黄柏5克、全蝎5克、僵蚕5克、天花粉5克、阔叶石韦9克、南千斤藤7克、荜拔菜9克、夜花5克、多荚草10克。制备方法同实施例1。
选用本发明实施例2制成的中药胶囊的10名破伤风患者中,治愈5例,好转3例,未愈2例,治愈率50%,总有效率80%。对治愈及好转患者跟踪随访24个月,0例复发。
实施例3
称取:野刀豆12克、柴胡8克、蜈蚣6克、铁刀木叶7克、灯台叶6克、糯米藤6克、冬青叶5克、甘草6克、拳参10克、防风7克、黄柏5克、全蝎5克、僵蚕5克、天花粉5克、阔叶石韦9克、南千斤藤7克、夜花5克、多荚草10克。制备方法同实施例1。
选用本发明实施例3制成的中药胶囊的12名破伤风患者中,治愈5例,好转3例,未愈2例,治愈率50%,总有效率80%。对治愈及好转患者跟踪随访24个月,2例复发。
实施例4
称取:野刀豆12克、甜瓜子14克、柴胡8克、蜈蚣6克、铁刀木叶7克、灯台叶6克、糯米藤6克、冬青叶5克、甘草6克、防风7克、黄柏5克、全蝎5克、僵蚕5克、天花粉5克、苦葛花15克、南千斤藤7克、荜拔菜9克、夜花5克、多荚草10克。制备方法同实施例1。
实施例5
称取:野刀豆12克、甜瓜子14克、柴胡8克、蜈蚣6克、铁刀木叶7克、灯台叶6克、糯米藤6克、冬青叶5克、甘草18克、昆明山海棠5克、防风7克、黄柏5克、全蝎5克、僵蚕5克、天花粉7克、苦葛花15克、南千斤藤7克、荜拔菜12克、夜花5克、多荚草10克。制备方法同实施例1。
实施例6
称取:野刀豆12克、甜瓜子14克、柴胡8克、蜈蚣6克、铁刀木叶7克、灯台叶6克、糯米藤6克、冬青叶5克、甘草6克、巴夏嘎10克、防风7克、黄柏5克、全蝎5克、僵蚕5克、天花粉5克、苦葛花15克、南千斤藤7克、荜拔菜9克、夜花5克、多荚草10克。制备方法同实施例1。
实施例7
称取:野刀豆12克、甜瓜子14克、柴胡8克、蜈蚣6克、铁刀木叶7克、灯台叶6克、糯米藤6克、冬青叶5克、甘草6克、巴夏嘎10克、防风7克、黄柏5克、全蝎5克、僵蚕5克、天花粉5克、苦葛花15克、南千斤藤7克、绿萝花10克、荜拔菜9克、夜花5克、多荚草10克。制备方法同实施例1。
实施例8
称取:野刀豆12克、甜瓜子14克、柴胡8克、蜈蚣4克、绿萝花10克、灯台叶6克、昆明山海棠4克、巴夏嘎6克、冬青叶8克、甘草12克、拳参10克、防风7克、黄柏5克、全蝎4克、僵蚕4克、天花粉7克、阔叶石韦9克、苦葛花15克、南千斤藤7克、荜拔菜15克、光叶花榈木6克、夜花5克、多荚草10克。制备方法同实施例1。
选择在我院诊治的破伤风患者20例临床观察,临床症状均符合破伤风诊治标准。病人随机分成5组,分别服用本发明实施例4-8制成的中药胶囊,口服,每日2次,早晚各1次,每次1粒,饭后温开水送服,记录疗效如下:
病例 | 治愈 | 好转 | 未愈 | 不良反应 | 2年内复发 | 平均治愈时间 | |
实施例4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 18天 |
实施例5 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 15天 |
实施例6 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16.5天 |
实施例7 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.5天 |
实施例8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12天 |
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定,例如本发明除制成胶囊剂外,还可用常见工艺制成其他口服剂型。相关中药及其药理通过现有公开文献及网络均可获得,也可以用相近功效的药材代之代用。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于治疗破伤风的中药胶囊,其特征在于,由以下重量配比的中药材制备而成:野刀豆12份、甜瓜子14份、柴胡8份、蜈蚣6份、铁刀木叶7份、灯台叶6份、糯米藤6份、冬青叶5份、甘草6份、拳参10份、防风7份、黄柏5份、全蝎5份、僵蚕5份、天花粉5份、阔叶石韦9份、苦葛花15份、南千斤藤7份、荜拔菜9份、夜花5份、多荚草10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于治疗破伤风的中药胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于,将上述药材分别去除杂质后混合,送入烘干箱内于120℃温度下烘干,粉碎成100-130目细末,经紫外线消毒后按0.5g/粒装入胶囊,即为成品。
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