CN106138317A - 一组治疗小儿尿床的中药组方及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一组治疗小儿尿床的中药组方及其制备方法,它是由下述组分及其重量份制成:鲜泽兰根茎30‑35、鲜甜叶菊30‑35、黄芪10‑12、覆盆子15‑18、金缨子15‑18、莬丝子15‑18、五味子15‑18、山茱萸15‑18、白芷15‑18、蜂房15‑18、补骨脂15‑18、桑螵蛸15‑18、丁香15‑18、肉桂15‑18。本发明的一组治疗小儿尿床的中药组方,山茱萸温中散寒,菟丝子平补肾炎、尿频等阳虚症,配加补骨脂等助阳药,黄芪、覆盆子等消炎药,具有针对小儿尿床的治疗作用,还有止泻痢、降火、化气消肿、补益脾肾、调节免疫的功用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药加工技术领域,尤其涉及一组治疗小儿尿床的中药组方及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前对中药炮制机制研究仍主要采用化学和药理学的方法,而生物转化、肠吸收转运、体内吸收分布以及代谢组学这些新思路和新方法应用较少。因此从中药炮制机制研究现状的整体来看,综合性深入研究仍显不足,对中药炮制机制的阐述多数停留在该过程的两端即化学成分的变化和药理药效的变化,而对阐明炮制机制的关键环节--炮制前后中药活性成分的吸收代谢等研究不够深入,在炮制机制阐述过程中缺少一架沟通中药炮制前后化学成分变化与药理药效变化之间关系的桥梁--中药活性成分吸收代谢的研究。口服用药是中医药治疗的主要手段,中药活性成分在胃肠转运过程中吸收与代谢是中药产生生物效应的重要环节,更是彻底阐述中药炮制机制的最佳切入点。而中药往往需要克服肠道吸收屏障网络的作用才能被吸收,从而发挥其治疗作用。肠吸收屏障网络是机体的重要保护系统,可阻止毒物及抗原的吸收,但也是限制药物吸收的主要因素,主要由化学屏障、物理屏障和生化屏障组成。化学屏障主要由肠黏膜上皮分泌的黏液、消化液等构成,含有各种消化酶如乳糖酶根皮苷水解酶(LPH),蛋白类、多肽类和很多中药成分会被肠道化学屏障所破坏。物理屏障由结构、功能完整的肠黏膜上皮及覆盖于其表面的黏液构成,黏液层可有效地保护上皮细胞微绒毛免受机械、化学的损伤,同时也是药物吸收的障碍;而细胞膜和细胞间的紧密连接对药物的通透性则是限制药物吸收的主要因素。生化屏障主要由肠上皮细胞的代谢酶和药物外排泵构成,如细胞色素酶以及葡萄糖醛酸转移酶等Ⅱ相代谢酶,可将已进入细胞的相应药物代谢,即体循环前代谢;P-糖蛋白(P-gp)、多药耐药相关蛋白(MRP)、甲氨喋呤(MTX)等外排系统能将细胞内的相应药物“泵”出细胞外,从而降低细胞内药物浓度。因此,开展肠吸收屏障网络对中药炮制前后活性成分或组分吸收代谢的影响研究,可以更深入地阐述中药炮制机制,从整体动物、细胞和亚细胞水平获得合理客观的数据,为揭示中药炮制理论的科学内涵提供新的思路与方法。
越皓等利用电喷雾串联质谱分析了附子加辅料甘草炮制前后的化学成分变化,揭示了甘草在附子炮制过程中的减毒机制。研究表明甘草中的成分易与附子中双酯型生物碱及其热解产物发生脂交换反应,生成毒性更小的脂类生物碱;同时有少量的双酯型生物碱与甘草中的化学成分形成了难溶性的沉淀,使附子中双酯型生物碱的含量降低,从而达到减毒的目的。生物转化方法在中药炮制机制研究中的应用主要体现在 2 个方面。一是在发酵中药的炮制机制研究中。发酵法一直是中药炮制方法之一,它借助微生物的作用,改变中药原有药性,提高疗效,降低毒副作用,扩大适应症。因此利用微生物发酵炮制中药实际上是一种生物转化反应,可利用微生物学和生物技术等理论阐明发酵的原理。如王秋红基于以微生物次生代谢物和生物转化产物为药效物质基础研究发酵类中药六神曲的炮制原理;冯志华等研究微生物发酵炮制对红花抗氧化活性的影响,并对其机制进行了探讨,结果表明红花经地衣芽孢杆菌 C2-13 的发酵炮制其抗氧化功效显著提高,其原因可能是 C2-13所产生的各种糖苷水解酶,将红花中许多由酚羟基与葡萄糖缩合而成的糖苷类化合物水解,使酚羟基的数目大幅度提高,从而提高红花的抗氧化性;此外水解后产生的苷元比相应的糖苷容易吸收,生物利用率更高,更有利于发挥其药理作用。二是在中药炮制前后体内效应物质基础研究中应用。传统中药主要以口服形式给药,口服中药成分在发挥药效作用之前,除了在炮制、煎煮过程中产生动态变化外,进入机体后亦要发生动态变化,这种变化的第一个过程就是在消化道内被人体肠道酶和肠道菌代谢。
中药炮制有炒法、制法、煅法、蒸煮法、复制法、烘焙法、煨法等,这些炮制方法均需加热,加热过程会使中药的化学成分发生转化,从而改变临床功效;中药的临床使用以汤剂口服为主,药物进入肠腔后直接暴露于肠道菌群,肠腔中还含有多种活性酶,这些肠道菌群和肠道消化酶的存在,连同机体的肝脏一起,共同影响了中药化学成分的转化;中药口服吸收过程主要发生在小肠,炮制前后化学成分在肠吸收屏障网络可能发生相互作用而影响其吸收转运,从而影响药物的生物利用度和炮制品的疗效。因此作者提出研究假说: “体内外化学成分转化与肠吸收屏障网络的调控及其耦联作用可影响炮制后化学成分的吸收转运,从而改变中药炮制品的疗效”。
糖作为生命体中最重要的三类生物分子之一,对其的认识却落后于核酸和蛋白质。主要原因是糖结构的多样性。糖通过糖苷键相连,糖苷键有α、β两种立体异构形式,由于每个单糖有数个羟基而往往形成支链结构。每个糖苷键的合成或断裂由定位于特定位置的糖基转移酶或水解酶控制,这个过程是不精确的,造成糖链的“微观不均一性”,使其分离极其困难。糖结构的多样性,使得它可能携带的信息量远远超过了蛋白质和核酸。糖类化合物是人类最重要的药物之一,现在使用的糖药物分子包括各种抗生素、核苷、多糖和糖脂等,针对几乎所有的疾病。我国传统中药的有效成分也多数与糖有关。许多植物提取物中的糖苷化合物,是糖在自然界存在的一种主要形式,为人类提供了极为丰富的药用资源,常见的糖苷药物如强心苷、水杨苷、黄酮苷等己被应用于临床。近年来,化学糖生物学研究的兴起和科学家们对生命过程中糖功能的逐步认识,极大地促进了糖药物的创新研究,出现了唾液酸衍生物、糖疫苗、肝素模拟物等新的糖药物。
泽兰具有活血调经、祛瘀消痈、利水消肿么功效,为临床上常用的活血化瘀类中药。泽兰中主要含有挥发油、葡萄糖苷、鞣质、树脂、黄酮苷、酚类、皂苷、氨基酸、有机酸、水苏糖、半乳糖、果糖等。现代研究表明泽兰能显著改善血瘀动物的异常红细胞流变指标,对大鼠慢性肾衰竭有改善作用,同时在保肝、护肝、抗急性肝衰竭等方面均有较好的活性。经过现代科学的不懈努力,发现泽兰的根茎中水苏糖含量极高,泽兰低聚糖主要由水苏糖、毛蕊花糖和棉子糖组成,其中水苏糖和毛蕊花糖的含量均明显高于大豆中的低聚糖。因此,资源丰富的植物泽兰己迅速发展成为目前市售水苏糖产品的可持续发展天然产物原料。水苏糖作为新兴的功能性低聚糖,因其在延缓衰老、调节胃肠道微生态平衡、提高免疫力、排毒、降血脂血压方面具有生理功效,其开发和应用日益受到重视。棉子糖对特异性皮炎有改善作用,也可作为肝病抑制剂的活性成分,还具有抗蛋白性、抗血液病的作用,以及对人类生殖细胞具有抗癌功效。棉子糖对含高不饱和油的体系具有稳定作用,因此可将棉子糖作为稳定剂添加到含有高不饱和物质的食用级乳状液,且未采用包埋形式而用于食品,从而延长产品的货架寿命。
甜叶菊为多年生草本植物,原产于巴拉圭东北的阿曼拜省地区。其叶子中含有大量的天然甜味剂,从而使甜叶菊具有巨大的经济价值。多年来,干的甜叶菊叶子被用做天然甜味剂,其提取物甜菊苷(STV)和莱胞迪苷A (RA)则在全世界多个国家被批准用做食品添加剂。迄今为止,甜叶菊中发现了超过100种化合物,最有名的就是甜菊糖苷类化合物,特别是含量最丰富的STV和RA。此外,甜叶菊中还有其他低含量的二萜糖苷类化合物,根据连接在C13位置上糖链的不同,这些化合物可分为四类。甜叶菊中的非糖苷类化合物为半日花烷型二萜类。此外,甜叶菊中还包括酚类、黄酮类、水溶性维生素、植物甾醇类、三萜类、挥发成分及生物碱类化合物。
迄今为止, 黄芪己有2000多年的药用历史,具有増强机体免疫功能、保肝、利尿、抗衰老、抗应激、降压和广谱抗菌等持点,表现出免疫调节、抗高血糖、抗炎、抗氧化及抗病毒等活性。传统上,黄芪用于治疗虚弱、创伤、贫血、发烧、过敏、慢性疲劳、食欲不振、子宫出血和子宫脱垂。临床上, 黄芪用于治疗慢性粘液质素乱和一般的胃肠道素乱,包括胃溃瘍、腹泻。黄芪中含有超过100多种的化学成分,主要有多糖、黄酮、皂苷、氨基酸和微量元素。现代医学研究表明, 黄芪具有多种生理活性,包括改善胰岛素敏感性、免疫调节、抗病毒活性、抗肿瘤活性、提高心血管功能。黄酮多糖为黄酮中的主要活性成分之一,具有免疫调节、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗糖尿病、抗病毒、保肝作用、抗炎、抗动脉粥样硬化、造血、神经保护和促进生长等生理作用。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,提供一组治疗小儿尿床的中药组方。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一组治疗小儿尿床的中药组方,它是由下述组分及其重量份制成:
鲜泽兰根茎30-35、鲜甜叶菊30-35、黄芪10-12、覆盆子15-18、金缨子15-18、莬丝子15-18、五味子15-18、山茱萸15-18、白芷15-18、蜂房15-18、补骨脂15-18、桑螵蛸15-18、丁香15-18、肉桂15-18。
所述的一组治疗小儿尿床的中药组方,是由下列步骤制成的:
1)、分别将黄芪、覆盆子、金缨子、莬丝子、五味子、山茱萸、白芷、蜂房、桑螵蛸、丁香、肉桂粉碎,混合后加3-5倍60-70%的乙醇,调pH9.0-11.0,回流提取2-3次,每次提取1.5-3小时,分别收集提取液和残渣备用;
2)、将步骤1中所得混合残渣,加入3-5倍量70-95%的乙醇,调pH5.0-6.0,回流提取2-4次,每次提取1.5-2.5小时,收集提取液备用;
3)、将步骤1所得提取液经离心、过滤后的上清液,回收乙醇后,调节pH3.5-7.0,再经离心、过滤,经大孔树脂吸附后用纯水、10-30%乙醇分别冲洗除去杂质,70-90%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,浓缩后得到浓缩液备用;
4)、将步骤2中提取液经离心、过滤后的上清液,回收乙醇后,复溶,脱色,中和溶液呈中性后离心、过滤除去鞣质,取上清液,调节pH12-13,经大孔树脂吸附后,用纯水、10-30%乙醇分别冲洗除去杂质,70-90%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,浓缩得到浓缩液备用;
5)、将鲜泽兰根茎、鲜甜叶菊冲洗干净后,沥除多余水分,破壁处理并压榨出汁,过滤除渣后与补骨脂、步骤3、4中制得浓缩液混合,经真空干燥制得,分装成袋,用温开水冲饮,每日30-35克。
本发明的优点是:
1、本发明将鲜泽兰根茎、鲜甜叶菊直接进行鲜榨,破壁处理,充分提取所含有效成分,与其它中药浓缩液进行真空干燥,避免高温对其所含有效成分的破坏及影响。
2、本发明的一组治疗小儿尿床的中药组方,所含甜叶菊,其叶子中含有大量的天然甜味剂,可有效改善中药口感,此外,甜叶菊中还包括酚类、黄酮类、水溶性维生素、植物甾醇类、三萜类、挥发成分及生物碱类化合物,增强保健作用。
3、本发明的一组治疗小儿尿床的中药组方,黄芪具有増强机体免疫功能、保肝、利尿、抗衰老、抗应激、降压和广谱抗菌等持点,表现出免疫调节、抗高血糖、抗炎、抗氧化及抗病毒等活性。
4、本发明的一组治疗小儿尿床的中药组方,泽兰的根茎中水苏糖含量极高,泽兰低聚糖主要由水苏糖、毛蕊花糖和棉子糖组成。水苏糖作为功能性低聚糖,在延缓衰老、调节胃肠道微生态平衡、提高免疫力、排毒、降血脂血压方面具有生理功效;棉子糖对特异性皮炎有改善作用,也可作为肝病抑制剂的活性成分,还具有抗蛋白性、抗血液病的作用,以及对人类生殖细胞具有抗癌功效。
5、本发明的一组治疗小儿尿床的中药组方,山茱萸温中散寒,菟丝子平补肾炎、尿频等阳虚症,配加补骨脂等助阳药,黄芪、覆盆子等消炎药,具有针对小儿尿床的治疗作用,还有止泻痢、抗菌、降火、化气消肿、补益脾肾、调节免疫的功用。
具体实施方式
一组治疗小儿尿床的中药组方,它是由下述组分及其重量份制成:
鲜泽兰根茎30、鲜甜叶菊30、黄芪10、覆盆子15、金缨子15、莬丝子15、五味子15、山茱萸15、白芷15、蜂房15、补骨脂15、桑螵蛸15、丁香15、肉桂15。
所述的一组治疗小儿尿床的中药组方,是由下列步骤制成的:
1)、分别将黄芪、覆盆子、金缨子、莬丝子、五味子、山茱萸、白芷、蜂房、桑螵蛸、丁香、肉桂粉碎,混合后加3倍60%的乙醇,调pH9.0,回流提取2次,每次提取1.5小时,分别收集提取液和残渣备用;
2)、将步骤1中所得混合残渣,加入3倍量70%的乙醇,调pH5.0,回流提取2次,每次提取1.5小时,收集提取液备用;
3)、将步骤1所得提取液经离心、过滤后的上清液,回收乙醇后,调节pH3.5,再经离心、过滤,经大孔树脂吸附后用纯水、10%乙醇分别冲洗除去杂质,70%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,浓缩后得到浓缩液备用;
4)、将步骤2中提取液经离心、过滤后的上清液,回收乙醇后,复溶,脱色,中和溶液呈中性后离心、过滤除去鞣质,取上清液,调节pH12,经大孔树脂吸附后,用纯水、10%乙醇分别冲洗除去杂质,70%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,浓缩得到浓缩液备用;
5)、将鲜泽兰根茎、鲜甜叶菊冲洗干净后,沥除多余水分,破壁处理并压榨出汁,过滤除渣后与补骨脂、步骤3、4中制得浓缩液混合,经真空干燥制得,分装成袋,用温开水冲饮,每日30克。
Claims (2)
1.一组治疗小儿尿床的中药组方,其特征在于它是由下述组分及其重量份制成:
鲜泽兰根茎30-35、鲜甜叶菊30-35、黄芪10-12、覆盆子15-18、金缨子15-18、莬丝子15-18、五味子15-18、山茱萸15-18、白芷15-18、蜂房15-18、补骨脂15-18、桑螵蛸15-18、丁香15-18、肉桂15-18。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一组治疗小儿尿床的中药组方,其特征在于是由下列步骤制成的:
1)、分别将黄芪、覆盆子、金缨子、莬丝子、五味子、山茱萸、白芷、蜂房、桑螵蛸、丁香、肉桂粉碎,混合后加3-5倍60-70%的乙醇,调pH9.0-11.0,回流提取2-3次,每次提取1.5-3小时,分别收集提取液和残渣备用;
2)、将步骤1中所得混合残渣,加入3-5倍量70-95%的乙醇,调pH5.0-6.0,回流提取2-4次,每次提取1.5-2.5小时,收集提取液备用;
3)、将步骤1所得提取液经离心、过滤后的上清液,回收乙醇后,调节pH3.5-7.0,再经离心、过滤,经大孔树脂吸附后用纯水、10-30%乙醇分别冲洗除去杂质,70-90%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,浓缩后得到浓缩液备用;
4)、将步骤2中提取液经离心、过滤后的上清液,回收乙醇后,复溶,脱色,中和溶液呈中性后离心、过滤除去鞣质,取上清液,调节pH12-13,经大孔树脂吸附后,用纯水、10-30%乙醇分别冲洗除去杂质,70-90%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,浓缩得到浓缩液备用;
5)、将鲜泽兰根茎、鲜甜叶菊冲洗干净后,沥除多余水分,破壁处理并压榨出汁,过滤除渣后与补骨脂、步骤3、4中制得浓缩液混合,经真空干燥制得,分装成袋,用温开水冲饮,每日30-35克。
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