CN1061370A - 利用激光打穿和/或堵塞燃料棒的密封焊孔的装置 - Google Patents

利用激光打穿和/或堵塞燃料棒的密封焊孔的装置 Download PDF

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CN1061370A
CN1061370A CN91110838A CN91110838A CN1061370A CN 1061370 A CN1061370 A CN 1061370A CN 91110838 A CN91110838 A CN 91110838A CN 91110838 A CN91110838 A CN 91110838A CN 1061370 A CN1061370 A CN 1061370A
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fuel rod
window
welding hole
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杜瑟奥·多米尼克
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Franco Belge de Fabrication de Combustible FBFC
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0665—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by beam condensation on the workpiece, e.g. for focusing
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/127—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an enclosure
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/127—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an enclosure
    • B23K26/128—Laser beam path enclosures
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
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    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
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Abstract

将燃料棒(3)插入壳体(6)，通过密封垫(30)一直 靠到窗口(32)上。用于使激光束聚焦的腔体(5)的输 出臂(16)，借助电磁塞阀(36)的阀体(35)固定到壳体 上。本发明适用于核反应堆燃料棒的轴向密封焊孔 的堵塞。

Description

本发明涉及利用激光打穿和/或堵塞燃料棒密封焊孔的装置。
核反应堆中所用的燃料棒是由锆合金制的，在其端头有相同材料的塞子的一种包覆管子构成的。为了密封，将塞子与管子加压强制装配而后焊牢。
燃料棒内包含许多燃料芯块，借助位于裂变柱与对侧塞子（上塞子）之间的压缩弹簧而被压在塞子（下塞子）之上。上塞子包含有一个小直径的孔，称为“密封焊孔”，以便在通过密封对该孔堵塞之前能用氦对燃料棒加压，这种操作通常称为“密封焊接”。
燃料棒的长度约为4米，其直径约为10毫米，厚度约为0.6毫米。
密封焊孔的焊接是在高压氦中进行的，而且是在小直径的孔（通常小于0.8毫米）的边缘遭毁坏的情况下完成的。为了高度保险，焊接深度必须大于或等于包覆层的厚度。
FR-A-2，305，827文献中提到用激光束打穿和堵塞这种焊孔，但没有给出具体的技术方案的说明。
本发明的目的是提供一种具有低的氦消耗而能将密封焊孔自动地打穿和/或堵塞的装置。
为此，本发明的技术主题在于提出一种用激光打穿和/或堵塞燃料棒的密封焊孔的装置，其特征包括：
一个用于使激光束聚焦的腔体，它包括一输出臂，该臂上有一为让高压气体进入而开着的管;
一个壳体，它包含有一个用于输入激光束的窗口和一个用于插入燃料棒并使之对着窗口定位的通道，该通道上装有一密封垫;以及
一个节流阀，以密封方式装在腔体输出臂的端部法兰与壳体的窗口之间。
本发明装置的其它特征是：
燃料棒的密封焊孔沿轴向设置，窗口构成一个承放燃料棒的支座;
位于窗口与密封垫之间的壳体空间可以与一纯净气源，一真空泵或大气相连接;
节流阀是旋塞型的。
以下参照附图对本发明的实施例进行说明，这里所示的唯一的图是按照本发明的一个用于堵塞密封焊孔的装置的纵向剖视图。
图中所示装置1，是用于借助激光来堵塞沿轴向设置在一系列燃料棒3的截头圆锥形塞子2上的密封焊孔（在图中看不见）的装置。燃料棒3的外面是金属包层4，两端均预先装配并焊接上一个塞子。装置1主要由腔体5，壳体6，脉冲YAG激光源7，能量或功率检测器8以及照相机9组成。
腔体5包括一个平行六面体的中心体10，在中心体中，成45。的斜装着一个反射镜11。该腔体沿四个接连的面是敞开的， 从这里伸出四个臂。
输入臂沿X-X轴水平安置，该臂包括一筒形支座13和一个邻近中心体10的准直透镜14。由激光源7引出并端接在支座13上的光纤15，在支座上其端部沿轴X-X定位。
输入臂12沿X-X轴水平安置，从中心体10起依次包括一个聚焦透镜17;一个观察窗18和一个套筒19;套筒端部开口处有一装配法兰20;观察窗18用一密封垫装在臂16的两个装配在一起的法兰之间;还有管21，用以提供压力约为30巴（bar）的氦以进入该观察窗正下方的套筒19中。
激光束控制臂22沿轴X-X与臂12相对安置。臂22包含会聚光学透镜23和发散光学透镜24，它们限制着光束的直径使之与检测器8的尺寸相适应。检测器8固定在臂22的端部;和
目视调整臂25沿轴Y-Y与臂16相对安置。该臂25包含会聚光学透镜26和发散光学透镜27，它们可使聚焦的光束直径与照相机9的物镜相适应。照相机装在臂25的端部。
壳体6，位于腔体5下方，与套筒19同处于轴Y-Y上。壳体6包括一个圆柱形通道28。通道28与梯形沉孔区29相通，沉孔区29朝顶面开着。在距沉孔区29很短的距离处，通道28装有一个唇状的环形密封垫30。
承载板31以密封方式安装在沉孔区29的外围的大直径区域。板31中央有一个与壳体6的窗口相连的缩放形的孔32。窗口内侧部分33形成一个与燃料棒塞子2相配合的座位。燃料棒的塞子2上包含有一个要被堵塞的中央密封焊孔。
壳体6的管34伸入到沉孔区29的内部，并借助一个未示 出的定向阀而可以有选择地连接到一个压力稍大于大气压力的氦气源，真空泵或大气中，或是将其关闭。
套筒19上的法兰20以密封方式，借助电磁节流阀36的平行六面体固定到壳体6上。阀36包含有一个球形阀塞37和旋转驱动轴38。
在工作时，将阀36关闭，并在没有任何燃料棒情况下，通过管子34，沉孔区29以及通道28用低压氦对壳体6进行清洗。然后，将燃料棒3通过密封垫30插进通道28，直到其塞子2压在座33上，而后用装在壳体中的夹具（未示出）将其夹住。将管子34与真空泵相接以便将包含在棒3中的空气抽出，然后将管子关闭。但是，抽气的步骤视需要而定。
打开阀36，用近30巴的氦气完全充填燃料棒并为激光束提供通道，使之通过阀塞的圆筒形通道39直至密封焊孔。然后，利用由光导纤维15传输，透镜14准直，反射镜11反射并由透镜17聚焦到密封焊孔上的激光束将要堵塞的密封焊孔封闭。然后，再关闭阀门36，管34与大气相通，将燃料棒3移出并再通过低压回路用氦重新对壳体进行清洗。
反射镜11是一个二向色性反射镜，它反射了入射激光束（λ＝1.06微米）的大部分（例如97%），而让小部分通过而射向检测器8。而且，该反射镜对可见光是透明的，因此，当阀门36打开时，可使照相机9通过透镜27，26和17以及反射镜11，观察窗18和窗口32，借助反射聚焦和成象，对燃料棒3的塞子2进行监控。
检测器8可使激光束受到监控，例如，当某个光学零件损坏或激光源出故障时，检测器就触发出一个警告信号。照相机 9使之可能检测燃料棒在壳体6中的定位，如果合适，也同样触发出一个报警信号。
通过金属部件彼此间的稳固装配以及包含在腔体5内部的光学部件稳固装配所带来的整个装置的稳固性，确保可靠地将激光束准确地聚焦到焊接区上，并进行高质量的有良好再现性的焊接。而且，该装置可拆卸，易维修，特别是对观察窗18的拆卸和维修极为方便。
按照上述的装置，在腔体和壳体之间包含有阀36，使得加压包围着塞子2和邻近的燃料棒部分的氦的死区减到极小，而这也正好适合于本装置的氦的消耗。
可想而知，如果需要，也可以用同样的装置来对燃料棒的密封焊孔进行穿透。
应该提起注意的是，作为一种变型，可以用任何其它类型的电磁阀来替换这里的电磁塞阀36。当然，这种替换的电磁阀处于打开位置时，应为聚焦的激光束提供一个完善的通道。

Claims (4)

1、利用激光打穿和/或堵塞燃料棒(3)密封焊孔的装置，其特征在于包括有：
腔体(5)，用于使激光束聚焦，该腔体包含一输出臂(16)，臂上开有一供加压气体进入的管子(21)；
壳体(6)，它包含一用于让激光束进入的窗(32)和一个用于可将燃料棒插入并朝所说的窗定位的通道(28)，所说的通道(28)上装有一密封垫(30)；以及
节流阀(36)，以密封方式安装在腔体(5)的输出臂(16)的端部法兰(20)和壳体的窗(32)之间。
2、按照权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，燃料棒（3）的密封焊孔设置在轴向上，窗口（32）形成燃料棒的支座（33）。
3、按照权利要求1或2的装置，其特征在于，位于窗口（32）和密封垫（30）之间的壳体（6）的空间可以与一纯净气源，真空泵或大气相连接。
4、按照权利要求1至3之任一条权利要求所述的装置，其特征在于阀（36）是旋塞（37）型的。
CN91110838A 1990-10-08 1991-10-07 利用激光打穿和/或堵塞燃料棒的密封焊孔的装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1032048C (zh)

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FR9012362A FR2667527B1 (fr) 1990-10-08 1990-10-08 Equipement de percage et/ou d'obturation au laser du trou de queusot d'un crayon combustible.
FR9012362 1990-10-08

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CN107866633A (zh) * 2016-09-28 2018-04-03 庞巴迪运输有限公司 加工工件的激光加工设备和对工件进行激光加工的方法

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CN106687246A (zh) * 2014-09-12 2017-05-17 肖特股份有限公司 用于将保护气体引入接收器管中的方法和设备
CN106687246B (zh) * 2014-09-12 2019-09-24 肖特股份有限公司 用于将保护气体引入接收器管中的方法和设备
US10801753B2 (en) 2014-09-12 2020-10-13 Schott Ag Method and device for introducing protective gas into a receiver tube
CN107866633A (zh) * 2016-09-28 2018-04-03 庞巴迪运输有限公司 加工工件的激光加工设备和对工件进行激光加工的方法

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FR2667527B1 (fr) 1993-01-22
EP0480792A1 (fr) 1992-04-15
CS303991A3 (en) 1992-04-15
US5192846A (en) 1993-03-09
FR2667527A1 (fr) 1992-04-10
ES2080925T3 (es) 1996-02-16
EP0480792B1 (fr) 1995-11-15
JP3081694B2 (ja) 2000-08-28
CN1032048C (zh) 1996-06-19
DE69114663D1 (de) 1995-12-21
JPH075290A (ja) 1995-01-10
CZ279123B6 (cs) 1995-01-18

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