A kind of extracting method of plant edible food leaf protein
Technical field
The present invention relates to vegetable protein extractive technique field, be specifically related to the extraction of a kind of plant edible food leaf protein
Method.
Background technology
Protein is one of base substance constituting plant cell, in growing process, aerial part stem
Leaf cell constantly has the synthesis of protein, for building the needs of new cell tissue and organ, this part egg
White matter is referred to as plant leaf protein (Leaves Protein Concentrates is called for short LPC), and they belong to
In functional protein class.Owing to being to there is axis, Ye Zhong, so being the reproducible egg of a kind of maximum
White matter resource.Plant leaf protein contains 17~18 kinds of amino acid, contains 8 kinds of amino acid necessary to human body,
Possibly together with vitamin, do not contain saturated fatty acid and cholesterol from plant leaf protein unlike animal muscle protein.
With the raising of the development of food industry and living standards of the people, pollution-free food is increasingly by people's
Like, from plant, extract leaf protein, there is considerable application prospect.At present, the extraction of plant leaf protein
Method mainly has: 1) heating aggregation method: plant is smashed to pieces filtration filter after extract juice, use steam heating or
Direct-fired way makes protein condense.The particle that this condensation product is formed is big, it is easy to separating and filtering,
And the particle of cohesion is bigger, consolidation is also got in cohesion, and the danger gone mouldy is less.In order to make leaf protein fully extract
Out, typically use fractional heating, i.e. first add to 60 DEG C~70 DEG C, be quickly cooled to 40 DEG C, leach
Condensation product is chloroplast protein, does not all reach the requirement of edible protein at the aspect such as mouthfeel, color, only
Can serve as feed;It is then again heated to 80 DEG C~90 DEG C, and continues 2~4 minutes, leach condensation product main
For cytoplasm protein, can be as edible protein.The main deficiency of the method is that energy consumption is high, does not meets and currently advocates
The low-carbon (LC) theory led, and under high temperature, protein easily hardens, and has a strong impact on product quality;2) acidifying heating or
Alkalization heating aggregation method: wherein alkali cohesion is to add a certain amount of alkali in juice after the press, makes juice
PH value reaches 4.0~6.0, and then heating makes leaf protein condense out.The method can obtain more coagulating
Polymers, but condensation product quality softness is not readily separated;3) fermentation method: juice is fermented under anoxic conditions two days
Left and right, utilizing Bacillus acidi lactici to produce lactic acid makes leaf protein condense out.The method saves the energy, but owing to sending out
The ferment time is long, and the enzymolysis of leaf protein extends, and can cause certain nutritive loss.
It is, therefore, desirable to provide a kind of new method for extracting leaf protein, meet and both saved the energy, leaf can be increased again
Protein extraction amount, and ensure the requirement of leaf protein quality.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome disadvantage mentioned above, a kind of leaf protein of plant edible food fast and efficiently is provided
Extracting method, and the method energy consumption is low.
The technical scheme is that
The extracting method of a kind of plant edible food leaf protein, comprises the steps:
A, pull an oar, squeeze the juice: fresh plant stem-leaf is cleaned, with beater making beating, and squeeze the juice and obtain juice,
Using NaCl solution to pull an oar in described beating process, the concentration of described NaCl solution is 0.2-1%;
B, heating: the juice in step a is heated to 70-90 DEG C, be incubated 5-9min, then quickly cool down
To 40-45 DEG C;
C, acid adding precipitation: add lactic acid in the juice after cooling, precipitate 1-3h, the pH value of described lactic acid
For 3.5-4, the volume dosage of described lactic acid is the 6-8% of juice volume;
The albumen lotion precipitating is carried out filtering separation, makes by d, Purification by filtration: filter off supernatant liquor
Albumen wet cake;
E, drying, packaging.
Further, in described step a, the concentration of described NaCl solution is 0.5%.
Further, in described step a, the volume ratio 1: 1-5 of described raw material and described NaCl solution.
Further, the technique of described step b is, juice is heated to 70 DEG C, is incubated 7min, then soon
Speed is cooled to 45 DEG C.
Further, in described step e, use and be spray-dried or freeze-drying.
Further, in described step d, the water content of albumen wet cake is 55-58%.
Further, in described step e, baking temperature is 105 DEG C.
Further, in described step a, pull an oar after the segment that plant stem-leaf is cut into 0.5-1cm.
The extracting method of the plant edible food leaf protein that the present invention provides, has the advantage that
1st, the extracting method of the plant edible food leaf protein that the present invention provides, uses NaCl solution in beating process
Making beating, can promote the dissolving of protein, increases the extracted amount of protein, and dilute NaCl solution is because of salt ion simultaneously
Be combined with protein portion, the advantage of protected protein not mutability, thus increase the stability of protein.
2nd, the extracting method of the plant edible food leaf protein that the present invention provides, by heating means and acid adding intermediate processing
In conjunction with, by optimizing each technique, shortening the sedimentation time of leaf protein, the protein obtaining is easily separated;And
In heating steps, once heat, saved energy consumption.
Detailed description of the invention
Technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that retouched
The embodiment stated is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art obtained under the premise of not making creative work all its
His embodiment, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Yield of alfalfa is high, nutritious, best in quality, is the artificial grass of China's cultivated area maximum.
Medicago sativa l. PC gross protein value is generally 43-60%, and content is up to 70% sometimes, its amino acid content and
Composition is better than other vegetable proteins.Therefore, this test select alfalfa extract plant leaf protein.
Extracting method is as follows:
A, pull an oar, squeeze the juice: carry out beating with beater after fresh alfalfa stem and leaf is cut into the segment of 0.5-1cm
Slurry, making beating uses the dilute NaCl solution of 0.2%, then with squeezer, slurry after making beating is squeezed out juice;Former
Material and the volume ratio 1: 5 of NaCl solution;
B, heating: the juice in step a is heated to 80 DEG C and carries out solidifying and being sterilized, and be incubated 5min,
Then it is quickly cooled to 40 DEG C;
C, acid adding precipitation: adding lactic acid in the juice after cooling, precipitating 2h, the pH value of lactic acid is 4,
And the volume dosage of lactic acid is the 6% of juice volume;
The albumen lotion precipitating is carried out filtering separation, makes by d, Purification by filtration: filter off supernatant liquor
Albumen wet cake, the water content of control albumen wet cake is 55%;
E, drying, packaging, drying process uses and is spray-dried, and baking temperature is 100 DEG C.
Measurement leaf protein yield, and measure the content of protein.
Wherein, leaf protein yield=fresh sample gained leaf protein does grams/fresh sample grams × 100%;Protein content
Assay method is according to GB/T6432-1994.
Embodiment 2
Method for extracting leaf protein is as follows:
A, pull an oar, squeeze the juice: carry out beating with beater after fresh alfalfa stem and leaf is cut into the segment of 0.5-1cm
Slurry, making beating uses the dilute NaCl solution of 0.5%, then with squeezer, slurry after making beating is squeezed out juice;Former
Material and the volume ratio 1: 2 of NaCl solution;
B, heating: the juice in step a is heated to 70 DEG C and carries out solidifying and being sterilized, and be incubated 7min,
Then it is quickly cooled to 45 DEG C;
C, acid adding precipitation: adding lactic acid in the juice after cooling, precipitating 2.5h, the pH value of lactic acid is 3.6,
And the volume dosage of lactic acid is the 7% of juice volume;
The albumen lotion precipitating is carried out filtering separation, makes by d, Purification by filtration: filter off supernatant liquor
Albumen wet cake, the water content of control albumen wet cake is 58%;
E, drying, packaging, drying process uses freeze-drying, and baking temperature is 105 DEG C.
Measurement leaf protein yield, and measure the content of protein.
Embodiment 3
Method for extracting leaf protein is as follows:
A, pull an oar, squeeze the juice: carry out beating with beater after fresh alfalfa stem and leaf is cut into the segment of 0.5-1cm
Slurry, making beating uses the dilute NaCl solution of 0.8%, then with squeezer, slurry after making beating is squeezed out juice;Former
Material and the volume ratio 1: 3 of NaCl solution;
B, heating: the juice in step a is heated to 90 DEG C and carries out solidifying and being sterilized, and be incubated 9min,
Then it is quickly cooled to 43 DEG C;
C, acid adding precipitation: adding lactic acid in the juice after cooling, precipitating 1h, the pH value of lactic acid is 3.8,
And the volume dosage of lactic acid is the 8% of juice volume;
The albumen lotion precipitating is carried out filtering separation, makes by d, Purification by filtration: filter off supernatant liquor
Albumen wet cake, the water content of control albumen wet cake is 56%;
E, drying, packaging, drying process uses freeze-drying, and baking temperature is 103 DEG C.
Measurement leaf protein yield, and measure the content of protein.
Embodiment 4
Method for extracting leaf protein is as follows:
A, pull an oar, squeeze the juice: carry out beating with beater after fresh alfalfa stem and leaf is cut into the segment of 0.5-1cm
Slurry, making beating uses the dilute NaCl solution of 1%, then with squeezer, slurry after making beating is squeezed out juice;Raw material
Volume ratio 1: 1 with NaCl solution;
B, heating: the juice in step a is heated to 75 DEG C and carries out solidifying and being sterilized, and be incubated 8min,
Then it is quickly cooled to 42 DEG C;
C, acid adding precipitation: adding lactic acid in the juice after cooling, precipitating 1.5h, the pH value of lactic acid is 4,
And the volume dosage of lactic acid is the 6% of juice volume;
The albumen lotion precipitating is carried out filtering separation, makes by d, Purification by filtration: filter off supernatant liquor
Albumen wet cake, the water content of control albumen wet cake is 57%;
E, drying, packaging, drying process uses freeze-drying, and baking temperature is 110 DEG C.
Measurement leaf protein yield, and measure the content of protein.
Embodiment 5-6
Solution used in beating process, on the basis of embodiment 2, is respectively modified as by method for extracting leaf protein
The NaCl solution of 5% and water, other technologies feature invariant, obtain embodiment 5-6.
Embodiment 7-8
Temperature retention time in step b, on the basis of embodiment 2, is respectively modified as by method for extracting leaf protein
3min, 11min, other technologies feature invariant, obtain embodiment 7-8.
Embodiment 9
Step b juice temperature, on the basis of embodiment 2, is cooled fast to 50 DEG C by method for extracting leaf protein,
Other technologies feature invariant.
Embodiment 10
Step b juice temperature, on the basis of embodiment 2, is heated to 100 DEG C by method for extracting leaf protein, its
His technical characteristic is constant.
Embodiment 11-12
Method for extracting leaf protein is on the basis of embodiment 2, and control albumen wet cake water content is revised as the 50%th, 60%,
Other technologies feature invariant, obtains embodiment 11-12.
Measurement leaf protein yield and protein content result are as follows:
Embodiment |
Leaf protein yield (%) |
Protein content (g/kg) |
Embodiment 1 |
7.53 |
647.7 |
Embodiment 2 |
7.64 |
652.3 |
Embodiment 3 |
7.58 |
650.7 |
Embodiment 4 |
7.62 |
648.4 |
Embodiment 5 |
7.35 |
631.9 |
Embodiment 6 |
6.72 |
621.4 |
Embodiment 7 |
7.25 |
629.6 |
Embodiment 8 |
7.41 |
641.5 |
Embodiment 9 |
7.38 |
637.8 |
Embodiment 10 |
7.46 |
645.1 |
Embodiment 11 |
7.60 |
653.2 |
Embodiment 12 |
7.65 |
651.7 |
The leaf protein yield recording above-described embodiment and protein content are analyzed understanding, carry in the present invention
In the method for extracting leaf protein of confession, concentration, the juice of NaCl solution heat the temperature retention time in technique, juice
Chilling temperature etc. bigger on the extraction process impact of leaf protein.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all the present invention's
Any modification of being made in protection domain, equivalent etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.