CN106124856B - Directly trace to the source to the radio frequency source calibration method of jump frequency between atom highly excited level - Google Patents
Directly trace to the source to the radio frequency source calibration method of jump frequency between atom highly excited level Download PDFInfo
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- CN106124856B CN106124856B CN201610584016.0A CN201610584016A CN106124856B CN 106124856 B CN106124856 B CN 106124856B CN 201610584016 A CN201610584016 A CN 201610584016A CN 106124856 B CN106124856 B CN 106124856B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
- G01R23/02—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage
Abstract
The present invention is a kind of directly traces to the source to the RF source frequencies calibration method of jump frequency between atom highly excited level.The present invention is to lead to the quantum coherence effect of atom highly excited level under radiofrequency field electric field action using highly excited level atom, energy level splitting is generated, the Characteristic Ratios by measuring two division transmitted light spectral peaks can effectively trace to the source the frequency for measuring radiofrequency field to the level spacing of atom.Frequency measurement benchmark can be directly compared with the jump frequency of atom, effectively improves the accuracy of frequency measurement.The present invention can directly trace to the source RF field frequency to the jump frequency of atom, provide a kind of new method for high-frequency radio frequency field frequencies range measurement, and have good accuracy of measurement and self aligning characteristic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to space RF field frequency measuring techniques, specially directly trace to the source to transition frequency between atom highly excited level
The radio frequency source calibration method of rate.
Background technology
RF field frequency is the important content of radio frequency field measurement.The method for measuring radio frequency at present be exactly using standard frequency and
It is compared by measured frequency.Mainly include two kinds of source method and passive method：Active technique refers in measuring instrument comprising a mark
The oscillation source of quasi- frequency.Passive method refers to that the natural frequency of the frequency and a tunable parasitic loop of measured signal is compared
Compared with being there is the instruction equal as frequency in resonance, for example utilize a radiofrequency field resonant cavity.Usually it is utilized the common of comparison
Reference frequency be typically several million-tens megahertzs, when waiting for that measured frequency reaches 100GHz or more, required frequency multiplication or frequency dividing circuit
It can become very complicated, while prodigious uncertainty of measurement will be introduced.The resonant cavity that measurement accuracy also relies in passive method is simultaneously
And the reference frequency of measuring instrument is also required to be calibrated, this additional cost that will be brought.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of directly trace to the source to the radio frequency source calibration method of jump frequency between atom highly excited level.Utilize original
The coherent effect of son divides the ratio of peak heights by measuring atom spectrum, obtains RF field frequency.
Realization that the present invention adopts the following technical solutions：It is a kind of directly to trace to the source to jump frequency between atom highly excited level
Radio frequency source calibration method, includes the following steps：（a）, by a branch of frequency resonance in alkali metal atom ground state to first excited state energy
The detection light is divided into after the directional light of the identical linear polarization of two beam intensities by same by the laser of order transition line as detection light
Side is incident in the internal atomic air chamber filled with alkali metal atom steam, after the parallel detection light of two beams is acted on alkali metal atom
It is detected simultaneously from the transmission of the atomic air chamber other side and by differential detector；（b）, introduce a branch of coupling light, resonance is in alkali metal original
The first excited state of son is to some Rydberg states nl, the coupling light by the other side of atomic air chamber be incident to atomic air chamber and and its
In a branch of detection light it is reversely conllinear；（c）, scanning coupling light frequency, differential detector be obtained with about detection light nothing it is more
The general transmitted spectrum for strangling background；（d）, this atomic air chamber is placed in rf electric field space to be calibrated, select alkali metal atom
Rydberg states nlTo another Rydberg states n’l’Resonant transition frequency near rf electric field frequency, alkali metal atom is former
The stepped three-level having just becomes four-level system, and the transmitted spectrum for the detection light that at this moment differential detector obtains will generation pair
Peak divides to obtain two transmission peaks；Adjustment generates the frequency of the radio frequency source of radiofrequency field, when two transmission peak heights in transmitted spectrum
Ratio be 1 when, illustrate that the frequency of radiofrequency field at this time exactly corresponds to alkali metal atom Rydberg states nlAnd n’l’Resonance jump
Frequency is moved, RF field frequency's value effectively can directly be traced to the source to atomic transition frequency at this time；（e）, radiofrequency field will be generated
The frequency and step that radio frequency source is shown（d）Obtained frequency values carry out compare and radio frequency source is calibrated, be achieved that by
RF source frequencies are directly traced to the source to the jump frequency of atom.
The method of the invention has used the level spacing of the adjacent Rydberg states of alkali metal atom, the energy level of Rydberg states
Interval can cover radio frequency 1-1000GHz.Therefore this method has sizable frequency measurement range.
The operation principle of the method for the invention is as follows：Highly excited level（Rydberg）Atom is often referred to one electronics of outer layer
It is excited to high quantum state（Principal quantum numbern It is very big）Atom.Highly excited level atom have atomic radius is big, level spacing is small,
Transition dipole moment between adjacent Rydberg states is very big therefore especially sensitive to external electric field, is highly suitable for radiofrequency field electric field
Measurement.
The experimental provision that this method is related to is as shown in Figure 1,1 expression detection light, 2 expression coupling light detect the process of light 1 in figure
One high reflectivity mirror 3 imported into atom vapor pond 4.5 be the dichroic mirror of special plated film, is had to detection light 1 highly transmissive
Rate has high reflectance to coupling light 2.Detection light is less than 200 microns with the diameter for coupling light.It detects light and enters highly sensitive photoelectricity
Detector 6（That is differential detector）, obtain the transmission signal of detection light.4 concrete structure of atom vapor pond is as shown in Fig. 2, be straight
Diameter is less than 1mm, and internal diameter is less than 500 microns of hollow waveguide, and Cs atom is filled in inside, and 7 and 8 be the plano-concave lens of wide plated film respectively,
Plated film width covering detection light and the wavelength for coupling light, for light will to be detected and coupling is optically coupled to inside hollow waveguide.
If Fig. 3 is the laser that this method is related to and energy level schematic diagram.First exciting light is frequency resonance in Cs atom 6S1/2
To 6P3/2Detection light, the second exciting light be frequency-tunable coupled laser, usually in 6P3/2To some Rydberg states nlAltogether
Vibration frequency nearby scans.When there is no rf electric field, the frequency of the first exciting light is fixed, scans the frequency of the second exciting light,
The transmissivity of the first exciting light is detected, it is observed that the transmitted spectrum of single transmission peaks, transmission peaks appear in the second exciting light
Frequency is equal to 6P3/2To some Rydberg states nlResonant frequency at, as shown in Figure 3.After radiofrequency field is added, original ladder
Type three-level becomes four-level system.For being in initial Rydberg states nlAtom, the rf electric field of suitable frequency can be with coupling
Close adjacent Rydberg states n’l’.Two Rydberg states can be regarded as to the mutual of a Two-level system and rf electric field at this time
Effect, there are two self-energies for this system：, wherein ΔRIt is radio frequency electrical field frequency
The mismatching angle of rate and two Rydberg states resonant frequencies, WRIt is the Lapie's frequency for acting on the rf electric field on two Rydberg states
Rate, size are proportional to the electric field strength of rf electric field.The two self-energies can regard Rydberg states n aslEnergy fraction
It splits.For two above-mentioned intrinsic energy values, if rf electric field frequency and two Rydberg states level spacings resonance, i.e. ΔR=
0, then energy level splitting is symmetrically distributed in Rydberg states nlBoth sides.If there is detuning, then according to the size of mismatching angle and positive and negative, two
The mal-distribution at a division peak is in Rydberg states nlBoth sides.
It is proportional to following formula for the detection light transmission of THREE LEVEL SYSTEM：
,
ΔpIt is to detect light frequency to 6S1/2To 6P3/2Resonant frequency it is detuning.Δ is set in this programmepIt is 0, ΔcIt is coupling
Light frequency and 6P3/2To Rydberg states nlIt is detuning, after rf electric field is added, indicate coupling light frequency to divide self-energy
It is detuning.Wp is the Rabi frequency for detecting light, and Wc is the Rabi frequency for coupling light, g21Indicate 6P3/2To 6S1/2Radiance, g31
Indicate Rydberg states nlTo 6S1/2Radiance.By scanning the second exciting light in this method, the first exciting light can be obtained
Transmission peaks spectrum.
If the frequency of rf electric field and two Rydberg states nlAnd n’l’Equal, the above-mentioned division of resonant transition frequency
It is symmetrically distributed in Rydberg states nlBoth sides, transmission peaks transmissivity is equal, i.e. two transmission peaks it is highly consistent, as shown in Figure 4.Such as
The frequency detuning of fruit rf electric field is in two Rydberg states nlAnd n’l’Resonant transition frequency, according to frequency be more than or less than altogether
It shakes jump frequency, it can be seen that different transmission peaks features, as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6.Therefore this method can be suitable by selecting
Rydberg states so that rf frequency to be measured can at this time pass through near Rydberg jump frequency and be fitted two transmission peaks
Characteristic parameter accurately can effectively trace to the source the frequency of radio frequency to be measured to atomic energy level transition line.
Using the method for the invention, the measurement to radiofrequency field tranmitting frequency and calibration may be implemented；Particularly with transmitting
The wider radiofrequency field of frequency, can be by changing Rydberg states（Coupling light frequency by change can realize）, to calibrate not
Same RF field frequency.In 0-1000GHz, by selecting Rydberg states, the frequency that all standing may be implemented, but effectively use
Point is discrete.Calibration point can be very more.With good accuracy of measurement and self aligning characteristic.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is of the present invention directly traces to the source to the reality of the radio frequency source calibration method of jump frequency between atom highly excited level
Experiment device structural schematic diagram.
1- detects light, and 2- couples light, 3- high reflectivity mirrors, 4- atom vapors pond, 5- dichroic mirrors, 6- photodetections
Device.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of atomic air chamber of the present invention.In order to avoid the disturbance to high-frequency radio frequency field, atom
Gas chamber is cylinder type hollow waveguiding structure, and diameter is less than 1mm.Inside includes caesium steam, and two sections are sealed for plano-concave lens, together
When will detection light and coupling be optically coupled to inside hollow waveguide, lens carry out 852nm and 510nm high-transmission rates（0 degree of light is incident）
Coating film treatment.The first plano-concave lens of 7-, the second plano-concave lens of 8-.
Fig. 3 is the highly excited level atomic energy level and the schematic diagram for being related to laser, radiofrequency field.
Fig. 4 ~ Fig. 6 is the EIT division spectrum measured under different radio frequency field frequencies range.Fig. 4 RF field frequencies resonate in Reed
Fort state nl and n’l’Level spacing；Fig. 5 RF field frequencies are detuning in Rydberg states nlAnd n 'l' level spacing -50MHz；Figure
6 RF field frequencies are detuning in Rydberg states nlAnd n 'l' level spacing+50MHz.
Specific implementation mode
It is a kind of directly to trace to the source to the radio frequency source calibration method of jump frequency between atom highly excited level, which is characterized in that including
Following steps：（a）, using a branch of frequency resonance in alkali metal atom ground state to first excited state energy level transition line laser as visit
Light is surveyed, which is divided into after the directional light of the identical linear polarization of two beam intensities, inside is incident to filled with alkali gold by the same side
In the atomic air chamber for belonging to atom vapor, the parallel detection light of two beams is transmitted with after alkali metal atom effect from the atomic air chamber other side
And it is detected simultaneously by differential detector；（b）, introduce a branch of coupling light, the first excited state to resonate in alkali metal atom to some
Rydberg states nl, the coupling light by the other side of atomic air chamber be incident to atomic air chamber and with wherein a branch of detection light reversely altogether
Line；（c）, scanning coupling light frequency, differential detector be obtained with about detection light the transmitted spectrum without background of doppler；
（d）, this atomic air chamber is placed in rf electric field space to be calibrated, select the Rydberg states n of alkali metal atomlArrive another
Rydberg states n’l’Resonant transition frequency near rf electric field frequency, the original stepped three-level of alkali metal atom just becomes
For four-level system, the transmitted spectrum for the detection light that at this moment differential detector obtains will occur bimodal division and obtain two transmissions
Peak；Adjustment generates the frequency of the radio frequency source of radiofrequency field, when the ratio of two transmission peak heights in transmitted spectrum is 1, illustrates this
When radiofrequency field frequency exactly correspond to alkali metal atom Rydberg states nlAnd n’l’Resonant transition frequency, radio frequency field frequency at this time
Rate value effectively can directly be traced to the source to atomic transition frequency；（e）, the frequency and step that show the radio frequency source for generating radiofrequency field
Suddenly（d）Obtained frequency values carry out compare and radio frequency source is calibrated, be achieved that RF source frequencies are directly traced to the source to
The jump frequency of atom.
The alkali metal atom is Cs atom, and detection light frequency resonance is in Cs atom 6S1/2, F=4 to 6P3/2, the energy of F '=5
Order transition line, coupling photoresonance is in 6P3/2, F '=5 to Rydberg states nl, n>>10.
Detection light and the beam diameter for coupling light are respectively less than 200 microns.
Step（d）In by be fitted two transmission peaks characteristic parameter, and then obtain two transmission peaks height ratio.
Realize that, the inventive system comprises detection light generating apparatus, the detection light of detection light generating apparatus transmitting passes through one
50：The identical two-beam of intensity is divided into after 50 beam splitters, the light path that two beams detect light is equipped with internal-filling alkali metal atomic sample
Atom vapor pond, it is incident by the one end in atom vapor pond that two beams detect light, and is transmitted from the other end；Atom vapor pond it is another
End is equipped with the differential detector for receiving the detection light after transmiting；Further include coupling light generating apparatus, it is described to couple light
The emitting light path of device be equipped with dichroic mirror, coupling light after dichroic mirror emits from the other end in atom vapor pond enter and and its
In a branch of detection light it is reversely conllinear；Detection light is input to department of computer science by being acquired by differential detector after dichroic mirror
System, obtains transmitted spectrum.
For the requirement of calibration frequency 1000GHz, atom vapor pond 4 is outer diameter 0.3-1mm, and internal diameter is 0.02-0.5 mm
Hollow waveguide, inside fills Cs atom steam, and two incidences of air waveguide are the plano-concave lens of wide plated film, the covering of plated film width
It detects light and couples the wavelength of light.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of directly trace to the source to the radio frequency source calibration method of jump frequency between atom highly excited level, which is characterized in that including such as
Lower step：（a）, using a branch of frequency resonance in alkali metal atom ground state to first excited state energy level transition line laser as detection
The detection light is divided into after the directional light of the identical linear polarization of two beam intensities and is incident to inside filled with alkali metal by the same side by light
In the atomic air chamber of atom vapor, the parallel detection light of two beams transmits simultaneously with after alkali metal atom effect from the atomic air chamber other side
It is detected simultaneously by differential detector；（b）, introduce a branch of coupling light, the first excited state to resonate in alkali metal atom is in some
Moral fort state nl, the coupling light by the other side of atomic air chamber be incident to atomic air chamber and with wherein a branch of detection light it is reversely conllinear；
（c）, scanning coupling light frequency, differential detector be obtained with about detection light the transmitted spectrum without background of doppler；
（d）, this atomic air chamber is placed in rf electric field space to be calibrated, select the Rydberg states n of alkali metal atomlArrive another
Rydberg states n’l’Resonant transition frequency near rf electric field frequency, the original stepped three-level of alkali metal atom just becomes
For four-level system, the transmitted spectrum for the detection light that at this moment differential detector obtains will occur bimodal division and obtain two transmissions
Peak；Adjustment generates the frequency of the radio frequency source of radiofrequency field, when the ratio of two transmission peak heights in transmitted spectrum is 1, illustrates this
When radiofrequency field frequency exactly correspond to alkali metal atom Rydberg states nlAnd n’l’Resonant transition frequency, radio frequency field frequency at this time
Rate value effectively can directly be traced to the source to atomic transition frequency；（e）, the frequency and step that show the radio frequency source for generating radiofrequency field
Suddenly（d）Obtained RF field frequency's value compare and calibrated to radio frequency source, is achieved that RF source frequencies are direct
It traces to the source to the jump frequency of atom.
2. as described in claim 1 directly trace to the source to the radio frequency source calibration method of jump frequency between atom highly excited level, special
Sign is that the alkali metal atom is Cs atom, and detection light frequency resonance is in Cs atom 6S1/2, F=4 to 6P3/2, the energy levels of F '=5
Transition line, coupling photoresonance is in 6P3/2, F '=5 to Rydberg states nl, n>>10.
3. it directly traces to the source to the radio frequency source calibration method of jump frequency between atom highly excited level as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that, detection light and the beam diameter for coupling light are respectively less than 200 microns.
4. it directly traces to the source to the radio frequency source calibration method of jump frequency between atom highly excited level as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that, step（d）In by be fitted two transmission peaks characteristic parameter, and then obtain two transmission peaks height ratio.
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