CN106124856A - The radio frequency source calibration steps of jump frequency of directly tracing to the source between atom highly excited level - Google Patents
The radio frequency source calibration steps of jump frequency of directly tracing to the source between atom highly excited level Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is the RF source frequencies calibration steps of a kind of jump frequency of directly tracing to the source between atom highly excited level.The present invention is the quantum coherence effect utilizing highly excited level atom to cause atom highly excited level under radio-frequency field electric field action, produce energy level splitting, the frequency measuring radio-frequency field effectively can be traced to the source to the level spacing of atom by measuring the Characteristic Ratios at two division transmitted spectrum peaks.Direct for the frequency measurement benchmark jump frequency with atom can be compared, be effectively improved the accuracy of frequency measurement.RF field frequency can directly be traced to the source to the jump frequency of atom by the present invention, provides a kind of new method for high-frequency radio frequency field frequencies range measurement, and has good accuracy of measurement and self aligning characteristic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to space RF field frequency measurement technology, be specially transition frequency of directly tracing to the source between atom highly excited level
The radio frequency source calibration steps of rate.
Background technology
RF field frequency is the important content that radio-frequency field is measured.Measure at present the method for radio frequency utilize exactly standard frequency with
Compared by measured frequency.Mainly include source method and passive method two kinds: active technique refers to comprise a mark in measuring instrument
The oscillation source of quasi-frequency.Passive method refers to that the frequency of measured signal compares with the natural frequency of a tunable parasitic loop
Relatively, resonance is occurred as the instruction that frequency is equal, such as utilize a radio-frequency field resonator cavity.Generally it is utilized the conventional of comparison
Reference frequency be typically several million-tens megahertzs, when treating that measured frequency reaches more than 100GHz, required frequency multiplication or frequency dividing circuit
Can become the most complicated, be introduced into the biggest uncertainty of measurement simultaneously.The resonator cavity that in passive method, certainty of measurement also relies on is also
And the reference frequency of measuring instrument is also required to calibrate, this extra cost that will bring.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides the radio frequency source calibration steps of a kind of jump frequency of directly tracing to the source between atom highly excited level.Utilize former
The coherent effect of son, by measuring the ratio of atomic spectrum division peak heights, it is thus achieved that RF field frequency.
The present invention realizes by the following technical solutions: a kind of jump frequency of directly tracing to the source between atom highly excited level
Radio frequency source calibration steps, comprise the steps: (a), by a branch of frequency resonance in alkali metal atom ground state to first excited state energy
This detection light, as detection light, is divided into after the directional light of the identical linear polarization of two beam intensities by same by the laser of order transition line
Side is incident in the atomic air chamber that inside is filled with alkali metal atom steam, after two restraint parallel detection light and alkali metal atom effect
From atomic air chamber opposite side transmission and detected by differential detector simultaneously；(b), introduce a branch of coupling light, resonate former in alkali metal
The first excited state of son is to certain Rydberg states nl, this coupling light by the opposite side of atomic air chamber be incident to atomic air chamber and and its
In a branch of reverse conllinear of detection light；C (), scanning coupling light frequency, it is many that differential detector is obtained with the nothing about detection light
The transmitted spectrum of general Le background；(d), this atomic air chamber is placed in rf electric field space to be calibrated, select alkali metal atom
Rydberg states nlTo another Rydberg states n’l’Resonant transition frequency near rf electric field frequency, alkali metal atom is former
Some notch cuttype three-levels just become four-level system, and the transmitted spectrum of the detection light that at this moment differential detector obtains will occur double
Peak division obtains two transmission peaks；Adjust the frequency of the radio frequency source producing radio-frequency field, when two transmission peaks height in transmitted spectrum
Ratio when being 1, illustrate that the frequency of now radio-frequency field exactly corresponds to alkali metal atom Rydberg states nlAnd n’l’Resonance jump
Moving frequency, now RF field frequency's value just can effectively directly be traced to the source to atomic transition frequency；(e), radio-frequency field will be produced
Frequency values obtained by the frequency that radio frequency source shows and step (d) carries out contrasting and calibrating radio frequency source, be achieved that by
RF source frequencies is directly traced to the source to the jump frequency of atom.
The method of the invention employs the level spacing of the adjacent Rydberg states of alkali metal atom, the energy level of Rydberg states
Interval can cover radio frequency 1-1000GHz.Therefore the method has sizable frequency measurement scope.
The operation principle of the method for the invention is as follows: highly excited level (Rydberg) atom is often referred to one electronics of outer layer
It is excited to high quantum state (principal quantum numbernThe biggest) atom.Highly excited level atom has that atomic radius is big, level spacing is little,
Transition dipole moment between adjacent Rydberg states the most greatly, therefore especially sensitive to external electric field, be highly suitable for radio-frequency field electric field
Measurement.
Experimental provision that this method relates to is as it is shown in figure 1,1 represent detection light in figure, and 2 represent that coupling light, detection light 1 pass through
One high reflectivity mirror 3 imports to atom vapor pond 4.5 is the dichroic mirror of special plated film, has highly transmissive to detection light 1
Rate, has high reflectance to coupling light 2.Detection light is less than 200 microns with the diameter coupling light.Detection light enters highly sensitive photoelectricity
Detector 6(i.e. differential detector), it is thus achieved that the transmission signal of detection light.Atom vapor pond 4 concrete structure is as in figure 2 it is shown, be straight
Footpath is less than 1mm, the internal diameter hollow waveguide less than 500 microns, and Cs atom is filled in inside, and 7 and 8 is the planoconcave lens of wide plated film respectively,
Plated film width covers detection light and the wavelength of coupling light, for detection light and coupling being optically coupled to inside hollow waveguide.
If Fig. 3 is the laser that relates to of this method and energy level schematic diagram.First exciting light is that frequency resonance is in Cs atom 6S1/2
To 6P3/2Detection light, the second exciting light is the coupled laser of frequency-tunable, generally at 6P3/2To certain Rydberg states nlAltogether
Scanning near vibration frequency.When there is not rf electric field, fixing the frequency of the first exciting light, scanning the frequency of the second exciting light,
Detecting the absorbance of the first exciting light, it can be observed that the transmitted spectrum of single transmission peaks, transmission peaks occurs in the second exciting light
Frequency is equal to 6P3/2To certain Rydberg states nlResonant frequency at, as shown in Figure 3.After radio-frequency field adds, original ladder
Type three-level becomes four-level system.For being in initial Rydberg states nlAtom, the rf electric field of suitable frequency can be with coupling
Close adjacent Rydberg states n’l’.Two Rydberg states now can be regarded as the mutual of a Two-level system and rf electric field
Effect, this system two self-energies of existence:, wherein ΔRRf electric field frequency with
The mismatching angle of two Rydberg states resonant frequencies, WRIt is the Rabi frequency acting on the rf electric field on two Rydberg states, its
Size is proportional to the electric field intensity of rf electric field.The two self-energy can regard Rydberg states n aslEnergy level splitting.Right
In two above-mentioned intrinsic energy value, if rf electric field frequency and two Rydberg states level spacing resonance, i.e. ΔR=0, then
Energy level splitting is symmetrically distributed in Rydberg states nlBoth sides.If there is off resonance, then according to the size of mismatching angle and positive and negative, two points
Split the mal-distribution at peak in Rydberg states nlBoth sides.
It is proportional to equation below for the detection light transmission of THREE LEVEL SYSTEM:
,
ΔpIt is that detection light frequency is to 6S1/2To 6P3/2The off resonance of resonant frequency.This programme arranges ΔpIt is 0, ΔcIt it is coupling optical frequency
Rate and 6P3/2To Rydberg states nlOff resonance, when rf electric field add after, represent coupling light frequency to divide self-energy mistake
Humorous.Wp is the Rabi frequency of detection light, and Wc is the Rabi frequency of coupling light, g21Represent 6P3/2To 6S1/2Radiance, g31Represent
Rydberg states nlTo 6S1/2Radiance.By scanning the second exciting light in this method, the transmission of the first exciting light can be obtained
Peak spectrum.
If the frequency of rf electric field and two Rydberg states nlAnd n’l’Equal, the above-mentioned division of resonant transition frequency
It is symmetrically distributed in Rydberg states nlBoth sides, transmission peaks absorbance is equal, and i.e. two transmission peaks is highly consistent, as shown in Figure 4.As
Really the frequency detuning of rf electric field is in two Rydberg states nlAnd n’l’Resonant transition frequency, according to frequency more than or less than altogether
Shake jump frequency, it can be seen that different transmission peaks features, as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6.Therefore this method can be suitable by selecting
Rydberg states so that rf frequency to be measured can be near Rydberg jump frequency, now by two transmission peaks of matching
Characteristic parameter, can effectively trace to the source the frequency of radio frequency to be measured to atomic energy level transition line accurately.
Use the method for the invention, it is possible to achieve measurement and the calibration to radio frequency Flied emission frequency；Particularly with transmitting
The radio-frequency field that frequency is wider, can be by changing Rydberg states (just can realize by changing coupling light frequency), with calibration not
Same RF field frequency.In 0-1000GHz, by selecting Rydberg states, it is possible to achieve all standing, but the frequency effectively used
Point is discrete.Calibration point can be the most.There is good accuracy of measurement and self aligning characteristic.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the reality of the radio frequency source calibration steps of jump frequency of directly tracing to the source between atom highly excited level of the present invention
Experiment device structural representation.
1-detects light, and 2-couples light, 3-high reflectivity mirror, 4-atom vapor pond, 5-dichroic mirror, 6-photodetection
Device.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of atomic air chamber of the present invention.In order to avoid the disturbance to high-frequency radio frequency field, atom
Air chamber is cylinder type hollow waveguiding structure, and diameter is less than 1mm.Inside comprises caesium steam, and two sections seal for planoconcave lens, with
In time, be optically coupled to inside hollow waveguide by detection light and coupling, and lens carry out 852nm and 510nm high-transmission rate (0 degree of light is incident)
Coating film treatment.7-the first planoconcave lens, 8-the second planoconcave lens.
Fig. 3 is described highly excited level atomic energy level and the schematic diagram relating to laser, radio-frequency field.
Fig. 4 ~ Fig. 6 is that the EIT recorded under different radio frequency field frequencies range divides spectrum.Fig. 4 RF field frequency resonates in Reed
Fort state nl and n’l’Level spacing；The off resonance of Fig. 5 RF field frequency is in Rydberg states nlAnd n 'l' level spacing-50MHz；Figure
The off resonance of 6 RF field frequencies is in Rydberg states nlAnd n 'l' level spacing+50MHz.
Detailed description of the invention
The radio frequency source calibration steps of a kind of jump frequency of directly tracing to the source between atom highly excited level, it is characterised in that include
Following steps: (a), using a branch of frequency resonance in the laser of alkali metal atom ground state to first excited state energy level transition line as spy
Light-metering, is incident to inside by the same side after this detection light is divided into the directional light of the identical linear polarization of two beam intensities and is filled with alkali gold
Belong in the atomic air chamber of atom vapor, from atomic air chamber opposite side transmission after the two parallel detection light of bundle and alkali metal atom effect
And detected by differential detector simultaneously；(b), introduce a branch of coupling light, the first excited state in alkali metal atom that resonates is to certain
Rydberg states nl, this coupling light is incident to atomic air chamber by the opposite side of atomic air chamber and is reversely total to the most a branch of detection light
Line；C (), scanning coupling light frequency, differential detector is obtained with the transmitted spectrum without background of doppler about detection light；
(d), this atomic air chamber is placed in rf electric field space to be calibrated, select alkali metal atom Rydberg states nlArrive another
Rydberg states n’l’Resonant transition frequency near rf electric field frequency, alkali metal atom original notch cuttype three-level just becomes
For four-level system, bimodal for generation division is obtained two transmissions by the transmitted spectrum of the detection light that at this moment differential detector obtains
Peak；Adjust the frequency of the radio frequency source producing radio-frequency field, when the ratio of two transmission peaks height is 1 in transmitted spectrum, this is described
Time radio-frequency field frequency exactly correspond to alkali metal atom Rydberg states nlAnd n’l’Resonant transition frequency, now radio frequency field frequency
Rate value just can effectively directly be traced to the source to atomic transition frequency；(e), the frequency that the radio frequency source producing radio-frequency field is shown and step
Suddenly the frequency values obtained by (d) carries out contrasting and calibrating radio frequency source, be achieved that RF source frequencies is directly traced to the source to
The jump frequency of atom.
Described alkali metal atom is Cs atom, and detection light frequency resonates in Cs atom 6S1/2, F=4 to 6P3/2, F '=5 energy
Order transition line, coupling photoresonance is in 6P3/2, F '=5 to Rydberg states nl, n > > 10.
The beam diameter of detection light and coupling light is respectively less than 200 microns.
By the characteristic parameter of two transmission peaks of matching in step (d), and then obtain the height ratio of two transmission peaks.
Realization the inventive system comprises detection light generating apparatus, and the detection light that detection light generating apparatus is launched is through one
Being divided into the two-beam that intensity is identical after 50:50 beam splitter, the light path of two bundle detection light is provided with internal-filling alkali metal atomic sample
Atom vapor pond, two bundle detection light are incident by the one end in atom vapor pond, and from other end transmission；Another of atom vapor pond
End is provided with the differential detector of the detection light after receiving transmission；Also including coupling light generating apparatus, described coupling light occurs
The emitting light path of device is provided with dichroic mirror, couples the light other end from atom vapor pond after dichroic mirror is launched and enters also and it
In a branch of reverse conllinear of detection light；Detection light is gathered by differential detector after dichroic mirror, and then input is to department of computer science
System, obtains transmitted spectrum.
For the requirement of calibration frequency 1000GHz, atom vapor pond 4 is external diameter 0.3-1mm, and internal diameter is 0.02-0.5 mm
Hollow waveguide, inside fills Cs atom steam, and two incidences of air waveguide are the planoconcave lens of wide plated film, and plated film width covers
Detection light and the wavelength of coupling light.
Claims (4)
1. the radio frequency source calibration steps of a jump frequency of directly tracing to the source between atom highly excited level, it is characterised in that include as
Lower step: (a), using a branch of frequency resonance in the laser of alkali metal atom ground state to first excited state energy level transition line as detection
Light, is incident to inside by the same side after this detection light is divided into the directional light of the identical linear polarization of two beam intensities and is filled with alkali metal
In the atomic air chamber of atom vapor, after the two parallel detection light of bundle and alkali metal atom effect from atomic air chamber opposite side transmission also
Detected by differential detector simultaneously；(b), introduce a branch of coupling light, in the first excited state in alkali metal atom that resonates is to certain
Moral fort state nl, this coupling light by the opposite side of atomic air chamber be incident to atomic air chamber and with the most a branch of reverse conllinear of detection light；
C (), scanning coupling light frequency, differential detector is obtained with the transmitted spectrum without background of doppler about detection light；
(d), this atomic air chamber is placed in rf electric field space to be calibrated, select alkali metal atom Rydberg states nlArrive another
Rydberg states n’l’Resonant transition frequency near rf electric field frequency, alkali metal atom original notch cuttype three-level just becomes
For four-level system, bimodal for generation division is obtained two transmissions by the transmitted spectrum of the detection light that at this moment differential detector obtains
Peak；Adjust the frequency of the radio frequency source producing radio-frequency field, when the ratio of two transmission peaks height is 1 in transmitted spectrum, this is described
Time radio-frequency field frequency exactly correspond to alkali metal atom Rydberg states nlAnd n’l’Resonant transition frequency, now radio frequency field frequency
Rate value just can effectively directly be traced to the source to atomic transition frequency；(e), the frequency that the radio frequency source producing radio-frequency field is shown and step
Suddenly the frequency values obtained by (d) carries out contrasting and calibrating radio frequency source, be achieved that RF source frequencies is directly traced to the source to
The jump frequency of atom.
2. the radio frequency source calibration steps of jump frequency of directly tracing to the source between atom highly excited level as claimed in claim 1, it is special
Levying and be, described alkali metal atom is Cs atom, and detection light frequency resonates in Cs atom 6S1/2, F=4 to 6P3/2, F '=5 energy level
Transition line, coupling photoresonance is in 6P3/2, F '=5 to Rydberg states nl, n > > 10.
3. the radio frequency source calibration steps of jump frequency of directly tracing to the source between atom highly excited level as claimed in claim 1 or 2, its
Being characterised by, the beam diameter of detection light and coupling light is respectively less than 200 microns.
4. the radio frequency source calibration steps of jump frequency of directly tracing to the source between atom highly excited level as claimed in claim 1 or 2, its
It is characterised by, by the characteristic parameter of two transmission peaks of matching in step (d), and then obtains the height ratio of two transmission peaks.
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| CN110988757A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-04-10 | 山东航天电子技术研究所 | Weak magnetic field vector measurement method based on atomic magnetometer |
| CN115561518A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-01-03 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Electromagnetic wave frequency measuring method and device based on rydberg atoms |
| CN115561518B (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-09-19 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Electromagnetic wave frequency measurement method and device based on Redberg atoms |
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