CN106121653A - One closes hole surface mine Ore stoping method - Google Patents
One closes hole surface mine Ore stoping method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106121653A CN106121653A CN201610593579.6A CN201610593579A CN106121653A CN 106121653 A CN106121653 A CN 106121653A CN 201610593579 A CN201610593579 A CN 201610593579A CN 106121653 A CN106121653 A CN 106121653A
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- ore
- surface mine
- hole
- stoping method
- back production
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/26—Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/30—Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
Abstract
The open one of the present invention closes hole surface mine Ore stoping method, relates to surface mine technical field of ore extraction, for shortening mining period, improving production efficiency and invent.One closes hole surface mine Ore stoping method, including: according to the occurrence condition of production ore determining corresponding stoping method;According to described stoping method, carry out back production construction;According to predetermined firing order, the described hole surface mine that closes the Ore entirety of back production can be carried out regionality or detonate in disposable Delay between holes interval;The Ore being spaced institute's avalanche of detonating through regional or disposable Delay between holes is carried out ore removal.The present invention is applicable to close the back production of hole surface mine Ore.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to surface mine technical field of ore extraction, particularly relate to one and close surface mine Ore back production side, hole
Method.
Background technology
Closed or the neighbouring Metal Open mountain closed, its length of service all more than 15 years or longer time,
At the beginning of its exploitation, owing to domestic mining, ore dressing overall technology level fall behind, equipment is equipped with low SI, and institutional factor etc. is in many ways
The restriction of the factor in face, the design of mine overall plan, layout and progressively implement congenital defect the most, the just sizing of its result is at it
It is more or less in before closedown in mining process and has discarded a part of Ore.The development of technology, resource in short supply, price soaring,
The exploitation once again of this part Ore, with regard to urgent pendulum in face of enterprise, enterprise is limited by the impact of various factors, such as,
Mining right boundary of a piece of land scope, comprehensive economic index etc., cannot expand side on the basis of former mining by original method and give birth to
Produce, but ignoring of this part Ore can not being abandoned, if these resources do not develop and utilize, by along with the closedown of stope,
Backfill, is forever embedded in underground, makes enterprise and country sustain a loss simultaneously, and it shows four aspects, the waste of national resources with
Running off, enterprise shortens the length of service, and country and enterprise have been subject to huge economic loss, and social benefit sustains damage.
Outdoor metal mine closes remaining ore deposit, corner often during hole, or conventional poor value, and possessing now can
Adopt value, but the border in pit has been formed, horizontal direction has arrived at border, to deep mining in vertical direction
Multiple steps, residue ore deposit depends on side slope, and residue ore deposit carried out back production is a great problem.
Immediate scheme is by remaining the back production in ore deposit needs Expanding decompression boundary, increases rock-peeling quantity, needs increase to open
Opening up engineering, cycle length, efficiency are low.Or carrying out the back production of many subzones, the same cycle is long, and efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides that a kind of mining period is short, production efficiency is high closes hole surface mine Ore stoping method.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, embodiments of the invention adopt the following technical scheme that
One closes hole surface mine Ore stoping method, including:
According to the occurrence condition of production ore determining corresponding stoping method;
According to described stoping method, carry out back production construction;
According to predetermined firing order, the described hole surface mine that closes the Ore entirety of back production can be carried out regionality or disposable hole
Between millisecond time detonate;
The Ore being spaced institute's avalanche of detonating through disposable Delay between holes is carried out ore removal.
Wherein, according to described stoping method, carry out back production construction and include:
Utilize existing security platform and/or cleaning platform can offer big gun hole on production ore.
Alternatively, according to described stoping method, carry out back production construction and include:
When Ore horizontal depth only has within 10 to 20 meters, according to the payable grade boundary of geologic report delineation, put down in safety
Platform and clean directly rock drilling on platform, blast hole depth to Ore can adopt border, big gun orifice angle be on to inclination, level, level
Tilt or lower to vertical direction;Use digital electric detonator, explosive can carry out regionality or once in the range of the Ore of back production
Property filling, preferably on-site mixed explosive.
Alternatively, according to described stoping method, carry out back production construction and include:
When the slanting angle of ore body is more than 40 degree, in ore body, form the Yan Mai tunnel of multiple level, at bottommost step, form bucket
River, beats fan shaped medium length hole in Yan Mai tunnel, use electric detonator, explosive can carry out in the range of the Ore of back production regionality or
Disposable filling, preferably on-site mixed explosive.
Alternatively, according to described stoping method, carry out back production construction and include:
When ore body horizontal depth is more than more than 15 meters, when inclination angle is less than 52 degree of Natural care in angle, in different ore removal levels, in ore deposit
The Yan Mai tunnel of the multiple level of internal formation and multiple bucket river, beat fan shaped medium length hole in Yan Mai tunnel, uses digital electric thunder
Pipe, explosive can carry out regionality in the range of the Ore of back production or disposably load, preferably on-site mixed explosive.
The present invention closes hole surface mine Ore stoping method, use to close hole surface mine can all Ores of back production overall
Carry out regionality or detonate in disposable Delay between holes interval, and the Ore being spaced institute's avalanche of detonating through Delay between holes is gone out
Ore deposit, which reduces number of times and the ore removal cycle of explosion, and mining period is short, production efficiency is high, and is effectively protected side slope
Stable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
In having technology to describe, the required accompanying drawing used is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawing in describing below is only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to
Other accompanying drawing is obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet that the present invention closes hole surface mine Ore stoping method;
Fig. 2 be the present invention close hole surface mine Ore stoping method one embodiment close hole surface mine top view;
Fig. 3 be along close shown in Fig. 2 hole surface mine top view A A to sectional view;
Fig. 4 be the present invention close hole surface mine Ore another embodiment of stoping method close hole surface mine top view;
Fig. 5 be along close shown in Fig. 4 hole surface mine top view A A to sectional view;
Fig. 6 be along close shown in Fig. 4 hole surface mine top view B B to sectional view;
Fig. 7 be the present invention close hole the surface mine another embodiment of Ore stoping method close hole surface mine top view;
Fig. 8 be along close shown in Fig. 7 hole surface mine top view A A to sectional view;
Fig. 9 be along close shown in Fig. 7 hole surface mine top view B B to sectional view.
Detailed description of the invention
The detailed description of the invention of closing hole surface mine Ore stoping method a kind of to the present invention is carried out in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
Thin description.
It will be appreciated that described embodiment be only the present invention a part of embodiment rather than whole embodiments.Base
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art obtained under not making creative work premise all its
Its embodiment, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
Referring to shown in Fig. 1, embodiment of the present invention one closes hole surface mine Ore stoping method, including step:
S1, according to the occurrence condition of production ore determining corresponding stoping method.
The generally occurrence condition in metal mine residue ore deposit generally has certain angle in side slope, and low-angle dip to high-dipping is not
Deng, variable thickness, generally broadly fall into progressively pinching state, also have the occurrence condition of fresh kidney beans shape;Thickness is several meters to tens meters, water
The flat degree of depth is several meters to tens meters, and depth direction is even up to hundreds of rice.
According to the occurrence condition of residue ore body, determine cutoff grade, as Kuang Yan demarcation line, mineral deposit is obvious, directly as production ore
Demarcation line;Or high low-grade boundary unconspicuous Ore inconspicuous for the boundary of ore deposit rock needs professional technique to demarcate payable grade
Demarcation line;Drawn a circle to approve prospective ore amount by geomatics engineer, to ore removal spirogram, determine according to occurrence condition, determine the space model of three-dimensional
Enclose;According to prospective ore amount and three-dimensional spatial dimension, determine feasible Ore stoping method and the stability control techniques of side slope.
S2, according to described stoping method, carry out back production construction.
According to the feasible Ore stoping method determined, ore body is implemented the working measures such as perforation, powder charge, backfill.Wear
Hole can be 7655 small-bores, can be the suitable fanhole(s) such as 80mm, 100mm.
S3, according to predetermined firing order, the described hole surface mine that closes can the Ore entirety of back production be carried out between disposable hole
Millisecond time detonates.
Use digital electric detonator, according to compensation space, according to predetermined firing order, such as according to from bottom to top, by
Outer to interior order, the described hole surface mine that closes all Ore entirety of back production can be carried out disposable Delay between holes is spaced
Quick-fried.The reliability of digital electric detonator is high, can On line inspection, and there is broken string detonate function;Disposably detonate and improve back production
Efficiency, and the mode detonated of Delay between holes interval is conducive to farthest reducing the concussion of blasting harm to side slope.
S4, carry out ore removal to through the detonate Ore of institute's avalanche of disposable Delay between holes interval.
In ore removal level, the Ore being spaced institute's avalanche of detonating through disposable Delay between holes is carried out ore removal.
The present invention closes hole surface mine Ore stoping method, use to close hole surface mine can all Ores of back production overall
Carry out disposable Delay between holes interval to detonate, and the Ore being spaced institute's avalanche of detonating through disposable Delay between holes carried out ore removal,
Which reducing number of times and the ore removal cycle of explosion, mining period is short, production efficiency is high.Further, hole dew is closed in the present invention
In it mine Ore stoping method, described step S2, according to described stoping method, carries out back production construction and includes: utilize existing peace
Full platform and/or cleaning platform can offer big gun hole on production ore.
The present invention need not increase development engineering, utilizes existing security platform and cleans platform, as operating personnel's
Passage and the transport channel of middle-size and small-size rock drill, it is not necessary to increase development engineering, need not to increase rock-peeling quantity, return period short,
Efficiency is high, and loss and dilution is few.
Fig. 2 be the present invention close hole surface mine Ore stoping method one embodiment close hole surface mine top view;Fig. 3 is
Along close shown in Fig. 2 hole surface mine top view A A to sectional view;Wherein labelling 1 is for cleaning platform, and 2 is security platform, and 3 are
Fan shaped medium length hole, big gun orifice angle can be each angle, on to inclination, level, horizontal tilt or lower to vertical direction.
Referring to shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, in the present invention closes hole surface mine Ore stoping method, described step S2 is according to institute
State stoping method, carry out back production construction and include: when Ore horizontal depth only has within 10 to 20 meters, draw a circle to approve according to geologic report
Payable grade boundary, at security platform 2 with clean on platform 1 directly rock drilling and form fan shaped medium length hole 3, blast hole depth is to ore deposit
Stone can adopt border, big gun orifice angle be on to inclination, level, horizontal tilt or lower to vertical direction;Employing digital electric detonator,
Explosive disposably can load in the range of the Ore of back production, preferably on-site mixed explosive.
When Ore horizontal depth only has within 10 to 20 meters, it is not necessary to beat Yan Mai tunnel, according to geologic report delineation
Payable grade boundary, directly rock drilling on security platform and cleaning platform, blast hole depth to Ore can adopt border, big gun orifice angle
To inclination, level, horizontal tilt or lower angle each of in vertical direction on can being, it is also possible to be these angles
Combination;Select one-time pad bulk explosive as far as possible and use digital electric detonator once detonation.Because need not reserved studding, Ore
Naturally the bottom in pit, direct ore removal it are slipped to.
Fig. 4 be the present invention close hole surface mine Ore another embodiment of stoping method close hole surface mine top view;Fig. 5
For along close shown in Fig. 4 hole surface mine top view A A to sectional view;Fig. 6 is for along closing hole surface mine top view shown in Fig. 4
B B to sectional view;Wherein labelling 1 is discharging tunnel, and 2 wear arteries and veins for ore removal, and 3 is funnel, and 4 is drilling drift, and 5 is in sector
Deep hole.
Referring to shown in Fig. 4 to Fig. 6, in the present invention closes hole surface mine Ore stoping method, described step S2 is according to institute
State stoping method, carry out back production construction and include: when the slanting angle of ore body is more than 40 degree, in ore body, form the rock drilling lane of multiple level
Road 4, is also called Yan Mai tunnel, forms funnel 3 at bottommost step, is also called bucket river, deep in shape of fanning in Yan Mai tunnel
Hole, uses digital electric detonator, explosive disposably can load in the range of the Ore of back production, preferably on-site mixed explosive.
When horizontal depth is more than more than 15 meters, when inclination angle is more than 40 degree, it is simple to Ore nature landing, fetch water in ore body
Flat Yan Mai tunnel, every 15-30 rice or the Yan Mai tunnel of one level of two shoulder heights, the prolonging of level of bottommost step
In arteries and veins tunnel, reserved certain barrier pillar, beats the bucket river of corresponding interval, in the Yan Mai tunnel of remaining level in barrier pillar
According to use YG80 rig (or rig of other form) lay to, on to, the scallop hole of level, use digital electric thunder
Pipe, explosive disposably can load in the range of the Ore of back production, preferably on-site mixed explosive.
The construction in the Yan Mai tunnel of level can use the general blasting of hand-held airleg rock drill rock drilling.Selection can
With the level of ore removal, making a call to a Yan Mai tunnel along mineral ore edge, how deep ore body is beats the most deeply, completes in tunnel on former intrinsic step
Yan Mai tunnel.
The Yan Mai tunnel of one level of each two shoulder height, it is possible to two steps of back production while protection adjoining rock stability
Ore.
When the stage level prolong arteries and veins tunnelling after, enter into mining link, with four walls in Yan Mai tunnel for just
The beginning scope of freedom, is advanced inwards carry out blasting mining by prolonging arteries and veins access adit, be the initial scope of freedom to prolong arteries and veins back, carry out rock drilling
Round, the fanhole(s) that angle of spot hole is ascending, is that the optimal scope of freedom carries out blasting mining with the side slope of opencut, uses digital electricity
Sub-detonator once detonation.
In one embodiment, the blasthole diameter of scallop hole is 57mm, and largest hole spacing is that 1.00-1.20 rice, array pitch are
1.20-1.5 rice, every meter of hole charge 2.0-2.5kg/m, unit consumption 0.7-0.9kg/t.
In another embodiment, the blasthole diameter of scallop hole is 100mm, and largest hole spacing is that 1.5-2.0 rice, array pitch are
2.0-2.5 rice, every meter of hole charge 6.5-7.0kg/m, unit consumption 0.5-0.7kg/t.
Using digital electric detonator once detonation, an Ore part for each stage avalanche naturally flows to pit along bench face
Bottommost step, major part falls outdoor pit bottom stage level naturally along the bucket river of each bottommost step.
In order to when ore removal, it is to avoid the risk of Rolling Stone landing, a discharging tunnel 1 is made a call in bottom level side in ore deposit in the open,
In discharging tunnel 1, get some ore removals towards ore body wear arteries and veins 2.Certainly, when thinking without Rolling Stone landing risk through assessment,
Also bottom stage Yan Mai tunnel ore removal can be directly utilized.
Fig. 7 be the present invention close hole the surface mine another embodiment of Ore stoping method close hole surface mine top view;Fig. 8
For along close shown in Fig. 7 hole surface mine top view A A to sectional view;Fig. 9 is for along closing hole surface mine top view shown in Fig. 7
B B to sectional view;Wherein labelling 1 is discharging tunnel, and 2 wear arteries and veins for ore removal, and 3 is funnel, and 4 is drilling drift, and 5 is in sector
Deep hole.
Referring to shown in Fig. 7 to Fig. 9, in the present invention closes hole surface mine Ore stoping method, according to described stoping method,
Carry out back production construction to include: when ore body horizontal depth is more than more than 15 meters, when inclination angle is less than 52 degree of Natural care in angle, different
Ore removal level, forms drilling drift 4 and multiple funnel 3 of multiple level in ore body, and wherein drilling drift is also called Yan Mai lane
Road, funnel is also called bucket river, beats fan shaped medium length hole 5 in Yan Mai tunnel, and employing digital electric detonator, explosive are can the ore deposit of back production
Disposably load in the range of stone, preferably on-site mixed explosive.
When the slanting angle of ore body is less than 52 degree of Natural care in angle, prolonging of multiple level to be formed if desired by bucket river ore removal
Arteries and veins tunnel and multiple bucket river.Preferably, one Yan Mai tunnel of each two step design, the most each one have bucket river level every
Layer, the boring of upper and lower two steps can be implemented in a Yan Mai tunnel, but must be reserved with the interlayer in bucket river up and down, and each hangs down
Straight and the ore deposit, corner of horizontal continuity, first implements Yan Mai tunnel, forms struggle against river and scallop hole in Yan Mai tunnel, and Yan Mai tunnel is whole
After formation, once perforated, a powder charge, once implement Delay between holes and detonate, concentrate step bottommost step concentrating mining, for protecting
The safety of card bottom stage ore removal, a discharging tunnel 1 is made a call to, in discharging tunnel 1 in the position being located away from bottommost bucket river
Get some ore removals towards ore body and wear arteries and veins 2, to ensure ore removal safety.
Semi-steep ore body ore deposit in the open is compared the most rare, when the angle of gently inclined orebody is less than 30 degree, can be in ore deposit
Dispatch workers to do on-site repairs the haulage drift of level in stone border, the most different ore removal platform ore removals;When the slanting angle of ore body is between 30 degree to 52 degree, need
Increase some road engineerings, create the platform of transport.
According to the occurrence condition in mineral deposit, gently inclined orebody leaves vertical studding, tilts above ore body and leaves horizontal studding, with
Ensure temporary support country rock.
In the present invention closes hole surface mine Ore stoping method, in described step S3, use digital electric detonator, according to
Predetermined firing order, all Ore entirety of back production can be carried out disposable Delay between holes and is spaced the described hole surface mine that closes
In a quick-fried embodiment, blasting parameter includes:
In the every artillery salvo of fan shaped medium length hole, single big gun hole selects the extension time of 1-5ms/m according to bottom hole pitch;To many Hole placing blast
Time, selecting 8-50ms/m between row, time delay design between preferably 15-30ms/m arranges, above-mentioned time delays takes when ore body is hard
Little value, time delay takes large values when ore body is soft, takes large values time for the purpose of shock dropping, is broken for during purpose getting the small value, and scallop hole row is few
Time get the small value, take large values when row is many, near the scope of freedom time get the small value, take large values during away from the scope of freedom.
Bottom hole pitch selects 1.0-3.2 rice, and ore caving interval 1.5-3.5 rice, hole depth 6-45 rice, aperture 60-100mm, powder column is big
Select to use double digital electric detonators, 1, bottom, the centre position one of 2nd/to three/3rd of powder column in 10 meters time
Send out, detonate simultaneously, prevent explosive from falling disconnected medicine after rise.
Single big gun hole selects the extension time according to bottom hole pitch, if be less than 1ms/m, and the blasting impact produced between adjacent shot hole
Ripple superimposed anomaly is obvious, bigger to the Blasting Vibration Hazards of side slope;If during more than 5ms/m, the explosion punching produced between adjacent shot hole
The synergistic effect hitting ripple is less so that the lumpiness of Ore is relatively big, adds the follow-up cost crushing Ore.
Similarly, during to many Hole placing blast, if the delay time between row is less than 8ms/m, the explosion that between row, big gun hole produces
Shock wave superposition is also abnormal obvious, bigger to the Blasting Vibration Hazards of side slope;If during more than 50ms/m, produce big gun hole between row and detonate
The synergistic effect of the Blasting shock wave of rear generation is greatly reduced so that the lumpiness of Ore is relatively big, had both been unfavorable for ore removal, and had too increased
The follow-up cost that Ore is crushed.
Above-described embodiment mainly all Ore entirety of back production can carry out disposable Delay between holes to closing hole surface mine
The explanation that interval is carried out as a example by detonating.But the invention is not restricted to this, it is possible to close hole surface mine can all Ores of back production whole
Body carries out subregion, implements the explosion of detonating of subregion one by one, uses Delay between holes interval to detonate in the explosion of each subregion.This
At least two subregion that all Ores are overall can also be implemented disposably detonate explosion by bright embodiment, in this case, often
The explosion of individual subregion still uses Delay between holes interval detonate, interval millisecond time is implemented in different by stages and detonates.
State the explosion of detonating of subregion one by one on the implementation, or at least two subregion that all Ores are overall is implemented disposable
Detonate explosion time, other method step and corresponding parameter with aforementioned to close hole surface mine can all Ores of back production overall
Carry out disposable Delay between holes interval detonate identical, do not repeat them here.
Heretofore described can all Ore entirety of back production carry out between disposable Delay between holes closing hole surface mine
Refer to every detonating: to close hole surface mine can all Ores of back production overall, explosion of implementing disposably to detonate, disposably rise at this
Explosion use Delay between holes interval detonate.
Heretofore described can all Ore entirety of back production carry out between regional Delay between holes closing hole surface mine
Refer to every detonating: all Ore entirety of back production can carry out subregion to closing hole surface mine, implement the explosion of detonating of subregion one by one,
Delay between holes interval is used to detonate in the explosion of each subregion;Also include following situation: to all Ores overall at least two
Individual subregion is implemented disposably to detonate explosion, still uses Delay between holes interval to detonate, to different subregions in the explosion of each subregion
Between implement interval millisecond time detonate.
The above, the only detailed description of the invention of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any
Those familiar with the art in the technical scope that the invention discloses, the change that can readily occur in or replacement, all answer
Contain within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. one kind is closed hole surface mine Ore stoping method, it is characterised in that including:
According to the occurrence condition of production ore determining corresponding stoping method;
According to described stoping method, carry out back production construction;
According to predetermined firing order, the described hole surface mine that closes the Ore entirety of back production can be carried out regionality or disposable hole
Between millisecond time detonate;
The Ore being spaced institute's avalanche of detonating through regional or disposable Delay between holes is carried out ore removal, wherein, according to described back production
Method, carries out back production construction and includes:
When ore body horizontal depth is more than more than 15 meters, when inclination angle is less than 52 degree of Natural care in angle, in different ore removal levels, in ore deposit
The Yan Mai tunnel of the multiple level of internal formation and multiple bucket river, beat fan shaped medium length hole in Yan Mai tunnel, uses digital electric thunder
Pipe, explosive can carry out regionality in the range of the Ore of back production or disposably load.
The most according to claim 1 closing cheats surface mine Ore stoping method, it is characterised in that according to described back production side
Method, carries out back production construction and includes:
Utilize existing security platform and/or cleaning platform can offer big gun hole on production ore.
The most according to claim 1 and 2 closing cheats surface mine Ore stoping method, it is characterised in that described in ore body
The Yan Mai tunnel forming multiple level includes:
Every 15-30 rice or each two shoulder height, in ore body, form the Yan Mai tunnel of multiple level.
The most according to claim 1 and 2 closing cheats surface mine Ore stoping method, it is characterised in that
The described step forming bucket river includes: reserved certain barrier pillar in Yan Mai tunnel, between beating in barrier pillar accordingly
Every bucket river.
5. cheat surface mine Ore stoping method, its feature according to closing described in any one of claim 1 to 2
Being, in the every artillery salvo of fan shaped medium length hole, single big gun hole selects the extension time of 1-5ms/m according to bottom hole pitch.
6. cheat surface mine Ore stoping method according to closing described in any one of claim 1 to 2, it is characterised in that in sector
In deep hole, during to many Hole placing blast, between row, select the extension time of 8-50ms/m, preferably 15-30ms/m.
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CN111691888B (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2021-10-22 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Accurate shovel loading system and method for surface mine |
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Also Published As
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CN106121653B (en) | 2019-04-26 |
CN102733808B (en) | 2016-10-19 |
CN106121652B (en) | 2019-02-01 |
CN102733808A (en) | 2012-10-17 |
CN106121652A (en) | 2016-11-16 |
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