CN106121230B - 地下室混凝土等高梁施工方法 - Google Patents

地下室混凝土等高梁施工方法 Download PDF

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CN106121230B
CN106121230B CN201610442743.3A CN201610442743A CN106121230B CN 106121230 B CN106121230 B CN 106121230B CN 201610442743 A CN201610442743 A CN 201610442743A CN 106121230 B CN106121230 B CN 106121230B
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叶香雄
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Anhui Changqing Building Products Co ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
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    • E04G11/36Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
    • E04G11/40Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings for coffered or ribbed ceilings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
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    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/045Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/20Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/10Ducts
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    • E04G11/00Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/36Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
    • E04G11/40Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings for coffered or ribbed ceilings
    • E04G11/46Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings for coffered or ribbed ceilings of hat-like or trough-like shape encasing a rib or the section between two ribs or encasing one rib and its adjacent flat floor or ceiling section
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    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/36Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
    • E04G11/48Supporting structures for shutterings or frames for floors or roofs
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G13/00Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
    • E04G21/121Construction of stressing jacks

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种地下室混凝土等高梁施工方法,其特征是地下室采用等高梁,等高梁和支承边梁的相交节点采用铰接节点;等高梁下面设置梁底支撑钢板,梁底支撑钢板上面设置斜撑,在斜撑支承点位置设置竖向立杆,梁底支撑钢板中部下面设置工字钢进行支顶,工字钢两侧设置竖向立杆,竖向立杆与梁底支撑钢板之间设有活动支撑;在竖向立杆之间设置水平杆来增强整体性,下部竖向立杆之间设置踢脚杆来保持稳定,每一个梁底支撑钢板下面的竖向立杆设置剪刀撑增加整体刚度,水平杆地下室地面铺设支撑木板,等高梁内设置预应力钢筋,预应力钢筋根据等高梁的弯矩包络图进行布置。

Description

地下室混凝土等高梁施工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑领域,特别涉及一种地下室混凝土等高梁施工方法。
背景技术
地下室等高梁由于受跨度大,承载力大等因素通常高度较大,由于等高梁下面还要设置风管等设备,进一步降低了地下室的层高,而这就影响了地下室的使用功能。传统的主次梁结构中主梁高度远大于次梁高度,风管等设备势必设置在主梁底部,如果把主梁高度降低,把次梁高度增加,既不影响承载性能,又能提高地下室使用空间。在确定的使用高度下,由于地下室高度增加一些,建筑造价会增加很多。如果能降低地下室等高梁高度,具有非常大的经济效益和社会效益。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种地下室混凝土等高梁施工方法来降低地下室等高梁高度。
本发明为了降低地下室等高梁高度,采用了以下技术方案:1、将传统的主次梁结构改成了等高梁结构;2、增加模板支设结构可靠度,提高等高梁成型后的力学性能;3、采用预应力结构进一步提高结构的力学性能。
本发明中地下室采用等高梁,等高梁计算方法采用如下:等高梁和支承边梁的相交节点采用铰接节点。边梁截面高度比等高梁高出20%~30%,边梁刚度足够大以满足抗扭强度和刚度要求。与柱连接的等高梁或边梁按框架考虑,满足受力和构造要求,若梁截面不足,则梁高不变,适当增大梁宽或者配筋。等高梁采用弹性方法计算,挠度值控制在1/300~1/400跨度。
等高梁下面设置梁底支撑钢板,梁底支撑钢板厚度为12~15mm,梁底支撑钢板上面设置斜撑,斜撑一端支撑在梁底支撑钢板,另一端支撑在木模板,木模板采用对拉螺栓进行紧固。在斜撑下支承点位置设置竖向立杆,梁底支撑钢板中部下面设置工字钢进行支顶,工字钢两侧设置竖向立杆,竖向立杆间距为0.4~0.8m,竖向立杆与梁底支撑钢板之间设有活动支撑,使竖向立杆成为典型的轴心受压构件,充分发挥竖向立杆的作用。立杆接长必须采用对接扣件连接,相邻竖向立杆的对接接头不允许在同步内,对接接头沿竖向错开的距离不小于500mm,各接头中心距主节点不大于步距的1/3,主节点是指竖向立杆与水平杆交接节点。在竖向立杆之间设置水平杆来增强整体性,水平杆步距采用1.3~1.8m,水平杆顶部离梁底距离与支撑体系的稳定性密切相关,水平杆顶部离梁底距离根据梁高进行调整。当梁高为400mm,水平杆顶部离梁底距离采用500mm;当梁高为500mm,水平杆顶部离梁底距离采用450mm;当梁高为600mm,水平杆顶部离梁底距离采用400mm;当梁高为700mm及以上,水平杆顶部离梁底距离采用350mm。下部竖向立杆之间设置踢脚杆来保持稳定,踢脚杆离支撑木板距离为15~20cm,每一个梁底支撑钢板下面的竖向立杆设置剪刀撑增加整体刚度,剪刀撑采用搭接,搭接长度为1m,采用2个旋转扣件分别在离竖向立杆端部100mm处进行固定。水平杆地下室地面铺设支撑木板,支撑木板厚度为6~10mm,支撑木板目的是使工字钢或竖向立杆能均匀受力。
等高梁内设置预应力钢筋,预应力钢筋根据等高梁的弯矩包络图进行布置,最大限度地发挥预应力钢筋的力学作用。
施工步骤包括:
(1)支设等高梁模板
(2)定位架立筋安装
首先绘制等高梁的弯矩包络图,根据弯矩包络图获得预应力孔道矢高,定位架立筋根据预应力孔道矢高进行布置。定位架立筋布置间距为1m,直径为10~12mm,定位架立筋与等高梁箍筋进行焊接。
(3)安装预应力套管
预应力套管从等高梁端穿入,并用双股扎丝与定位架立筋绑扎定位。预应力套管接头长度取200~250mm,接头部位采用宽塑料胶带缠绕数层密封,以防接头处漏浆。两根预应力套管相接处应抵紧,以防穿筋出现翻皮。在铺设预应力套管前,腰筋的拉接筋不能绑扎。预应力套管安装时应避免反复弯曲和电焊火花烧伤管壁,安装后应对预应力套管的位置、曲线形状、固定的牢固程度、接头及管壁破损情况进行检查,如有破损可用粘胶带修补,破损严重的应更换。
预应力套管内留置排气管,排气管内径为6~8mm。预应力套管口设置紧固环密封防止漏浆。
(4)安装钢锚板
将钢锚板反钉在端模上,应保证端头钢锚板与预应力套管喇叭口轴线保持垂直,防止张拉时引起预应力筋断裂。将预应力套管端头插入钢锚板的杯筒里,堵塞缝隙以防漏浆。在离预应力套管端部30~40cm范围内布置螺旋筋以增强局部承压性能,螺旋筋直径为8mm。
(5)预应力张拉
采用张拉应力和伸长值双控法,即用张拉控制应力控制张拉,以伸长值进行校核预应力张拉。实际伸长值与理论伸长值之差应控制在±6%以内,否则应暂停张拉,查明原因并采取措施加以调整后方可继续张拉。张拉程序为:1)使张拉力初值达到10%张拉控制力,2)测量预应力筋的初始伸长值,3)张拉力达到张拉控制力,4)测量预应力筋的伸长终值,5)锚固锁定。
(6)预应力孔道压浆
灌浆程序为:1)锚具封头,2)进浆嘴安装,3)制浆及过滤,4)灌浆机压浆,5)排气口出浆,6)关闭排气口,7)关闭进浆口,8)完成灌浆。灌浆压力为0.5~0.6MPa,压浆管长度每增加30m则提高压力0.1MPa,水灰比采用0.4~0.45。每个压浆孔道两端的进、出浆口均应安装一节带阀门短管,以备压注完毕时封闭使孔道内的水泥浆在有压状态下凝结。
本发明具有力学性能好、成本低的优点,具有较好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1地下室混凝土等高梁模板支设结构示意图。
附图标志:1、木模板,2、斜撑,3梁底支撑钢板,4、工字钢,5、活动支撑,6、竖向立杆,7、水平杆,8、踢脚杆,9、剪刀撑,10、支撑木板,11、对拉螺栓。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本实施例进行详细描述。
本实施例等高梁计算方法采用如下:等高梁和支承边梁的相交节点采用铰接节点。边梁截面高度比等高梁高出25%。与柱连接的等高梁或边梁按框架考虑,满足受力和构造要求,若梁截面不足,则梁高不变,适当增大梁宽或者配筋。等高梁采用弹性方法计算,挠度值控制在1/350跨度。
等高梁下面设置梁底支撑钢板3,梁底支撑钢板3厚度为12mm,梁底支撑钢板3上面设置斜撑2,斜撑2一端支撑在梁底支撑钢板3,另一端支撑在木模板1,木模板1采用对拉螺栓11进行紧固。在斜撑2下支承点位置设置竖向立杆6,梁底支撑钢板3中部下面设置工字钢4进行支顶,工字钢4两侧设置竖向立杆6,竖向立杆6间距为0.6m,竖向立杆6与梁底支撑钢板3之间设有活动支撑5,使竖向立杆6成为典型的轴心受压构件,充分发挥竖向立杆6的作用。立杆接长必须采用对接扣件连接,相邻竖向立杆6的对接接头不允许在同步内,对接接头沿竖向错开的距离不小于500mm,各接头中心距主节点不大于步距的1/3,主节点是指竖向立杆6与水平杆7交接节点。在竖向立杆6之间设置水平杆7来增强整体性,水平杆7步距采用1.4m,梁高为600mm,水平杆7顶部离梁底距离采用400mm。下部竖向立杆6之间设置踢脚杆8来保持稳定,踢脚杆8离支撑木板10距离为20em,每一个梁底支撑钢板3下面的竖向立杆6设置剪刀撑9增加整体刚度,剪刀撑9采用搭接,搭接长度为1m,采用2个旋转扣件分别在离竖向立杆6端部100mm处进行固定。水平杆7地下室地面铺设支撑木板10,支撑木板10厚度为8mm。
等高梁内设置预应力钢筋,预应力钢筋根据等高梁的弯矩包络图进行布置,最大限度地发挥预应力钢筋的力学作用。
施工步骤包括:
(1)支设等高梁模板
(2)定位架立筋安装
首先绘制等高梁的弯矩包络图,根据弯矩包络图获得预应力孔道矢高,定位架立筋根据预应力孔道矢高进行布置。定位架立筋布置间距为1m,直径为12mm,定位架立筋与等高梁箍筋进行焊接。
(3)安装预应力套管
预应力套管从等高梁端穿入,并用双股扎丝与定位架立筋绑扎定位。预应力套管接头长度取220mm,接头部位采用宽塑料胶带缠绕数层密封,以防接头处漏浆。两根预应力套管相接处应抵紧,以防穿筋出现翻皮。在铺设预应力套管前,腰筋的拉接筋不能绑扎。预应力套管安装时应避免反复弯曲和电焊火花烧伤管壁,安装后应对预应力套管的位置、曲线形状、固定的牢固程度、接头及管壁破损情况进行检查,如有破损可用粘胶带修补,破损严重的应更换。
预应力套管内留置排气管,排气管内径为8mm。预应力套管口设置紧固环密封防止漏浆。
(4)安装钢锚板
将钢锚板反钉在端模上,应保证端头钢锚板与预应力套管喇叭口轴线保持垂直,防止张拉时引起预应力筋断裂。将预应力套管端头插入钢锚板的杯筒里,堵塞缝隙以防漏浆。在离预应力套管端部35cm布置螺旋筋以增强局部承压性能,螺旋筋直径为8mm。
(5)预应力张拉
采用张拉应力和伸长值双控法,即用张拉控制应力控制张拉,以伸长值进行校核预应力张拉。实际伸长值与理论伸长值之差应控制在±6%以内,否则应暂停张拉,查明原因并采取措施加以调整后方可继续张拉。张拉程序为:1)使张拉力初值达到10%张拉控制力,2)测量预应力筋的初始伸长值,3)张拉力达到张拉控制力,4)测量预应力筋的伸长终值,5)锚固锁定。
(6)预应力孔道压浆
灌浆程序为:1)锚具封头,2)进浆嘴安装,3)制浆及过滤,4)灌浆机压浆,5)排气口出浆,6)关闭排气口,7)关闭进浆口,8)完成灌浆。灌浆压力为0.5~0.6MPa,压浆管长度每增加30m则提高压力0.1MPa,水灰比采用0.4~0.45。每个压浆孔道两端的进、出浆口均应安装一节带阀门短管,以备压注完毕时封闭使孔道内的水泥浆在有压状态下凝结。

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1.一种地下室混凝土等高梁施工方法,其特征是地下室采用等高梁,等高梁计算方法采用如下:等高梁和支承边梁的相交节点采用铰接节点;边梁截面高度比等高梁高出20%~30%,边梁刚度足够大以满足抗扭强度和刚度要求;与柱连接的等高梁或边梁按框架考虑,满足受力和构造要求,若梁截面不足,则梁高不变,适当增大梁宽或者配筋;等高梁采用弹性方法计算,挠度值控制在1/300~1/400跨度;
等高梁下面设置梁底支撑钢板,梁底支撑钢板厚度为12~15mm,梁底支撑钢板上面设置斜撑,斜撑一端支撑在梁底支撑钢板,另一端支撑在木模板,木模板采用对拉螺栓进行紧固;在斜撑下支承点位置设置竖向立杆,梁底支撑钢板中部下面设置工字钢进行支顶,工字钢两侧设置竖向立杆,竖向立杆间距为0.4~0.8m,竖向立杆与梁底支撑钢板之间设有活动支撑;在竖向立杆之间设置水平杆来增强整体性,水平杆步距采用1.3~1.8m,下部竖向立杆之间设置踢脚杆来保持稳定,踢脚杆离支撑木板距离为15~20cm,每一个梁底支撑钢板下面的竖向立杆设置剪刀撑增加整体刚度,剪刀撑采用搭接,搭接长度为1m,采用2个旋转扣件分别在离竖向立杆端部100mm处进行固定;水平杆地下室地面铺设支撑木板,支撑木板厚度为6~10mm;
等高梁内设置预应力钢筋,预应力钢筋根据等高梁的弯矩包络图进行布置,最大限度地发挥预应力钢筋的力学作用。
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