CN106116582A - 一种无钴碳化钨的烧结方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无钴碳化钨的烧结方法,其包含以下步骤:步骤1,分别称取石墨烯和纳米WC粉,均匀混合并烘干;步骤2,将烘干的石墨烯和纳米WC粉的混合物置于石墨模具中压实,采用放电等离子烧结装置烧结,烧结温度1500‑1700℃,保温5分钟,降温过后取出试样。本发明提供的烧结方法,利用石墨烯的高韧性,高断裂强度,以增强试样的断裂韧性;并且石墨烯导电,可以在使用放电等离子烧结时改变烧结性能。采用本本发明的方法,烧结温度大幅降低,烧结时间短,保温时间短,获得的碳化钨具有超细结构。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于硬质合金粉末烧结领域,涉及一种碳化钨的烧结工艺,具体来说,涉及一种无钴碳化钨的烧结方法,以纳米碳化钨(WC)和石墨烯为主要原料,采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)。
背景技术
碳化钨(WC)是最常用的硬质合金材料。由于WC的熔点高达2870°C,通常以WC-Co的方式进行烧结,Co作为烧结助剂。然而,Co等粘结相的添加降低了材料的硬度,耐腐蚀性和耐氧化性,并且由于与WC的热膨胀系数的差异而容易引起热应力。
由于无粘结相硬质合金在烧结过程中的烧结温度非常高(常常高达2000℃),为使合金体获得致密度很高的块体用制备普通合金的烧结方法很难获得。传统的烧结方式如真空烧结、热压、气压、热等静压等,需要高的烧结温度和长的保温时间,容易使得晶粒快速长大,很难获得超细结构。
放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术可以解决这一难题,它是利用脉冲直流电在粉末颗粒之间产生火花放电现象,产生局部高温场、放电冲击压力、表面净化作用、电厂扩散等效果来实现快速烧结,其特点是烧结过程升温、降温速率快,保温时间短,烧结温度低,从而有效抑制晶粒长大,在烧结过程中加压,可实现高致密度、超细结构材料的快速制备。
经对现有技术文献的检索发现,公开号为CN102628138A的中国专利公开了一种放电等离子烧结低钴碳化钨的方法,该方法的不足在于烧结助剂Co的加入使得烧结所得试样的硬度较低,在2300-2600HV,低Co又使得试样的韧性不高,在7-8MPa·m1/2。经文献检索还发现,罗锴等在《材料研究与应用》(2010年12月,第4期,第534-537)发表了“放电等离子烧结制备超细碳化钨材料”,具体方法为:采用真空烧结(真空度约15Pa),模具为高强石墨,其直径为20mm,内衬石墨纸防止烧结粘连,然后分段加压,开始时对试样施加约10-20MPa预压力,升温到试样呈现收缩时,迅速加压到50MPa。升温速度为100℃/min,最后在烧结温度分别为1700℃,1800℃和1900℃下,保温5min。其方法所使用的烧结温度过高,1700℃下材料已经致密,再升高烧结温度对材料致密化已无太大意义;在1800℃和1900℃下晶粒开始长大,对烧结性能有所影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足,提供一种无Co纳米碳化钨的烧结方法,采用SPS技术烧结,通过加入石墨烯及控制烧结工艺,克服了随着Co含量的增加,WC的硬度逐渐减小的缺点,又保证了有钴烧结时的韧性优点,形成一种性能优越的硬质合金材料的制备方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种无钴碳化钨的烧结方法,其包含以下步骤:
步骤1,分别称取石墨烯和纳米WC粉,均匀混合并烘干;
步骤2,将烘干的石墨烯和纳米WC粉的混合物置于石墨模具中压实,采用放电等离子烧结装置烧结,烧结温度1500-1700℃(优选1500-1590℃),保温5分钟,降温过后取出试样。
上述的无钴碳化钨的烧结方法,其中,石墨烯在石墨烯和纳米WC粉的混合物中的比例以质量百分数计为0.2-0.6%。
上述的无钴碳化钨的烧结方法,其中,所述的石墨烯厚度为0.55-1.2nm,直径为0.5-3μm,层数1-5层。
上述的无钴碳化钨的烧结方法,其中,所述的纳米WC粉粒度为20nm-50nm。
上述的无钴碳化钨的烧结方法,其中,所述的混合方法为球磨。
上述的无钴碳化钨的烧结方法,其中,步骤2中的烧结工艺,还包含:先抽真空,目的是为了防止在高温烧结时氧气与粉体接触生成杂质,影响试样性能;然后,以200-250℃/min的速度升温以达到烧结温度,并加压,轴向压力45-50MPa,轴向加压的目的是为了使其结构更加致密;这个轴是SPS烧结装置中的机械轴,其作用是在竖直方向对石墨模具加压。
上述的无钴碳化钨的烧结方法,其中,该方法还包含步骤3:对出炉后的产品进行打磨清理,去除表面碳渣,得到成品。
石墨烯是由碳原子组成的只有一层原子厚度的二维晶体,是除硼烯外最薄的,也是最强韧的材料,断裂强度比最好的钢材还要高200倍。同时,石墨烯是世界上导电性最好的材料,电子在其中的运动速度达到了光速的1/300,石墨烯的加入可以改变材料的导电性,在采用SPS烧结时能更好的连通上下电极,改变烧结性能。
本发明的关键在于将石墨烯加入WC。由于WC中Co含量的增加会导致其硬度逐渐减小,采用无钴烧结时加入石墨烯能在提升WC硬度的前提下又增加了其韧性,石墨烯的加入还可以改变粉体的导电性,改变烧结性能。加入石墨烯的另一个目的是在烧结过程中进行配碳,因为WC烧结时可能会生成W2C,W2C的各项性能都不如WC,加入石墨烯可对粉体进行配碳,使其W2C的含量减少。本发明的另一个关键在于放电等离子烧结技术的有效利用,它利用脉冲能、放电冲压力和焦耳热会在局部瞬间产生几千度甚至上万度的高温,晶粒表面在高温作用下发生蒸发和熔化,使颗粒表面发生活化,从而加剧了体积扩散和晶界扩散。由于升、降温速度快,烧结时间短,有效阻止了晶粒生长,大大缩短了生产周期,节约能源,是成功烧结WC的决定性因素之一。
本发明提供的烧结方法中,烧结温度较现有技术大幅降低,烧结时间短、保温时间短、操作简便,且获得了碳化钨具有超细结构,致密度高,硬度高去,断裂韧性强。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例1制备的具有超细结构的碳化钨的电镜照片。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合本发明的实施例作详细说明:本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1:
(1)配料:配制石墨烯含量为0.2w%的WC粉。将49.9g纳米WC粉和0.1g石墨烯装入球磨机,加入适量酒精,设置转速为400 rad/min,48小时后取出浆料放入烘箱,90℃烘24小时,过100目筛网。
(2)烧制:将上述烘干后的粉体取适量放入内经20mm的石墨模具中压实后,连同模具一起置于SPS装置的上下电极之间,抽取真空(使真空度达到6Pa)后通电以200℃/min的速度升温并加压,达到烧结温度1700℃,轴向压力50MPa后保温5分钟,断电冷却后将试样取出。
(3)清理:对出炉后的产品进行打磨清理,去除表面碳纸渣(因为在烧结的过程中是由石墨纸包着粉体再放入石墨模具烧结的,所以最后试样外会有一层碳纸渣,要对其进行打磨清理),得到成品。
经测定,该试样的相对密度为99.3%,硬度约为2717HV,断裂韧性约为10.23MPa·m1/2。由图1的电镜照片,可知,粒度小于1微米(0.3~0.6μm),也就是亚微米级。
实施例2:
(1)配料:配制石墨烯含量为0.4w%的WC粉。将49.8g纳米WC粉和0.2g石墨烯装入球磨机,加入适量酒精,设置转速为400 rad/min,48小时后取出浆料放入烘箱,90℃烘24小时,过100目筛网。
(2)烧制:将上述烘干后的粉体取适量放入内经20mm的石墨模具中压实后,连同模具一起置于SPS装置的上下电极之间,抽取真空(使真空度达到6Pa)后通电以200℃/min的速度升温并加压,达到烧结温度1590℃,轴向压力50MPa后保温5分钟,断电冷却后将试样取出。
(3)清理:对出炉后的产品进行打磨清理,去除表面碳纸渣,得到成品。
经测定,该试样的相对密度为99.1%,硬度约为2687HV,断裂韧性约为10.36MPa·m1/2;粒度为0.3~0.6μm,具有超细结构。
实施例3:
(1)配料:配制石墨烯含量为0.6w%的WC粉。将49.7g纳米WC粉和0.3g石墨烯装入球磨机,加入适量酒精,设置转速为400 rad/min,48小时后取出浆料放入烘箱,90℃烘24小时,过100目筛网。
(2)烧制:将上述烘干后的粉体取适量放入内经20mm的石墨模具中压实后,连同模具一起置于SPS装置的上下电极之间,抽取真空(使真空度达到6Pa)后通电以200℃/min的速度升温并加压,达到烧结温度1500℃,轴向压力50MPa后保温5分钟,断电冷却后将试样取出。
(3)清理:对出炉后的产品进行打磨清理,去除表面碳纸渣,得到成品。
经测定,该试样的相对密度为98.7%,硬度约为2669HV,断裂韧性约为10.51MPa·m1/2;粒度为0.3~0.6μm,具有超细结构。
本发明利用石墨烯的高韧性,高断裂强度及良好的导电性,通过石墨烯的加入,采用放电等离子烧结技术,获得了超细结构的碳化钨,其致密度高,硬度高去,断裂韧性强,且烧结温度较现有技术大幅降低,烧结时间短、保温时间短、操作简便。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍,但应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。在本领域技术人员阅读了上述内容后,对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。因此,本发明的保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。
Claims (8)
1.一种无钴碳化钨的烧结方法,其特征在于,该方法包含以下步骤:
步骤1,分别称取石墨烯和纳米WC粉,均匀混合并烘干;
步骤2,将烘干的石墨烯和纳米WC粉的混合物置于石墨模具中压实,采用放电等离子烧结装置烧结,烧结温度1500-1700℃,保温5分钟,降温过后取出试样。
2.如权利要求1所述的无钴碳化钨的烧结方法,其特征在于,石墨烯在石墨烯和纳米WC粉的混合物中的比例以质量百分数计为0.2-0.6%。
3.如权利要求1所述的无钴碳化钨的烧结方法,其特征在于,所述的石墨烯厚度为0.55-1.2nm,直径为0.5-3μm,层数1-5层。
4.如权利要求1所述的无钴碳化钨的烧结方法,其特征在于,所述的纳米WC粉粒度为20nm-50nm。
5.如权利要求1所述的无钴碳化钨的烧结方法,其特征在于,所述的混合方法为球磨。
6.如权利要求1所述的无钴碳化钨的烧结方法,其特征在于,步骤2中的烧结工艺,烧结温度1500-1590℃。
7.如权利要求1所述的无钴碳化钨的烧结方法,其特征在于,步骤2中的烧结工艺,还包含:先抽真空,然后,以200-250℃/min的速度升温以达到烧结温度,并加压,轴向压力45-50MPa。
8.如权利要求1所述的无钴碳化钨的烧结方法,其特征在于,该方法还包含步骤3:对出炉后的产品进行打磨清理,去除表面碳纸渣,得到成品。
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