CN1060849C - 车轴的鼓式制动器 - Google Patents

车轴的鼓式制动器 Download PDF

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CN1060849C
CN1060849C CN95104224A CN95104224A CN1060849C CN 1060849 C CN1060849 C CN 1060849C CN 95104224 A CN95104224 A CN 95104224A CN 95104224 A CN95104224 A CN 95104224A CN 1060849 C CN1060849 C CN 1060849C
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lever
weight
supporting
brake
bearing
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CN1119713A (zh
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托马斯·克拉斯
乔歇姆·费利克
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BPW Bergische Achsen KG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/14Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/22Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for pressing members apart, e.g. for drum brakes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/06Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels
    • B60T1/067Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels employing drum
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/38Slack adjusters
    • F16D65/40Slack adjusters mechanical
    • F16D65/52Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play
    • F16D65/60Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play for angular adjustment of two concentric parts of the brake control systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/20Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
    • F16D2125/22Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting transversely to the axis of rotation
    • F16D2125/28Cams; Levers with cams
    • F16D2125/30Cams; Levers with cams acting on two or more cam followers, e.g. S-cams
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/44Mechanical mechanisms transmitting rotation
    • F16D2125/56Shafts for transmitting torque directly

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于汽车车轴的鼓式制动器,为了减少用于支承制动凸轮轴(2)所需的零件数,并使装配简单,推力轴承由支承在杠杆调节器外壳(5b)圆柱孔(5c)中的蜗轮(6)外表面(6b),以及装在杠杆调节器外壳(5b)中的支承环(7)外表面(7a)构成,蜗轮(6)借助于一个其走向平行于轴线的型面(2b,6a)固定在制动凸轮轴(2)上,轴承环(7)与支承杠杆(8)连接,支承杠杆(8)本身则固定在一块设在轴梁(1)上的支板(10)上。

Description

车轴的鼓式制动器
本发明涉及一种用于汽车车轴的鼓式制动器,它有一根由制动缸操纵的制动凸轮轴,制动凸轮轴在其装有制动凸轮的一端借助于一个设在制动器底板上的轴承,以及在其装有杠杆调节器的另一端通过一个推力轴承,可旋转地支承在轴梁上,杠杆调节器上设有一个传扭地装在制动凸轮轴上用以调整制动衬带磨损的蜗轮,以及设有一个传扭地固定在轴梁上的杠杆的支承环。
对于上述已知的结构,制动凸轮轴上装有杠杆调节器的那一端,通过推动轴承支承,此推力轴承由滚珠和安装此滚珠的轴承套组成,制动凸轮轴的外表面借助于圆柱形轴承孔装入滚珠内,轴承套本身则用螺钉固定在一块焊接在轴梁上的支板上。支板同时还用于安装所谓的支点支架,支点支架通过杠杆与装在杠杆调节器外壳内的支承环相连,所以,自动的杠杆调节器的传动装置获得了一个支点。为了能根据制动衬带磨损的情况自动地调整制动凸轮轴,需要有这样的支点,因为装在制动凸轮轴上的杠杆调节器,同时还用来作为制动缸的操纵杠杆。
本发明的目的是,对于本文开始所述类型的指定用于车轴的鼓式制动器,减少其所使用的构件数量,并使之装配简化。
为实现上述目的,根据本发明提供一种用于汽车车轴的鼓式制动器有一根由制动缸操纵的制动凸轮轴,制动凸轮轴在其装有制动凸轮的一端,借助于一个轴承,以及在其装有杠杆调节器的另一端,通过一个推力轴承,可旋转地支承在轴梁上,其中,杠杆调节器上设有一个传扭地装在制动凸轮轴上用以调整制动衬带磨损的蜗轮,以及设有一个用于传扭地固定在轴梁上的杠杆的支承环,推力轴承由支承在杠杆调节器外壳圆柱孔中的蜗轮外表面和装在杠杆调节器外壳中的轴承环外表面构成,蜗轮借助于一个其走向与轴线平行的型面固定在制动凸轮轴上,支承环与支承杠杆连接,支承杠杆本身则固定在一块设在轴梁上的支板上。
按本发明达到上述目的所采取的措施的特点是,推力轴承由支承在杠杆调节器外壳圆柱孔中的蜗轮外表面和装在杠杆调节器外壳中的支承环外表面构成,蜗轮借助于一个与轴平行延伸的型面固定在制动凸轮轴上,支承环与支承杠杆连接,支承杠杆本身则固定在一块设在轴梁上的支板上。
按本发明的改进,取消了迄今所需的由滚珠、轴承套和密封件构成的附加的推力轴承。代之以使制动凸轮轴上装有杠杆调节器的那一端通过此杠杆调节器支承在轴梁上,为此只需要设置有适当支承面的杠杆调节器,支承面可以承担迄今采用的单独的推力轴承的任务。因此,通过按本发明的建议,总起来看减少了必要的构件数,简化了装配,因为取消了迄今所需的附加推力轴承的全部零件。
按本发明的另一个特征,用于间接地支承制动凸轮轴的杠杆调节器支承杠杆,同时可设计为杠杆调节器传动装置的支点支架。因此除单独的推力轴承外,还取消了迄今所需的支点支架和它与从杠杆调节器外壳伸出的支点杠杆的连接机构。
在本发明的一个最佳实施例中,装在杠杆调节器外壳中的支承环,通过直角地从支承环外表面耸起并从杠杆调节器外壳的侧盖伸出的凸块,与设有相应凹槽的支承杠杆相连。这样做的结果是使支承环和支承杠杆之间的连接机构特别简单和可靠。
为了进一步简化按本发明的结构,最后还建议,蜗轮和支承环的外表面装在杠杆调节器外壳的同一个通孔中。
附图表示了本发明的一个实施例,其中:
图1支承在轴梁上的制动凸轮轴局部剖面图;
图2图1中按Ⅱ-Ⅱ线的横截面图;
图3按图2中Ⅲ-Ⅲ线的另一个剖面图;
图4制动凸轮轴上装有杠杆调节器那一端的放大和局部剖切视图;
图5在支承环和支承杠杆互相连接前它们之间的连接机构剖面图;
图6支承环的端面图;以及
图7支承杠杆的端面视图。
图1表示了轴梁1的一端,在此实施例中如图2所示,将该轴梁设计为横截面基本上为正方形的管。在此轴梁1上可旋转地支承着制动凸轮轴2,它的制动凸轮2a用来操纵一个在图上没有表示的鼓式制动器的制动蹄。引起制动过程的制动凸轮轴2的转动由制动缸3造成,制动缸3借助于托架4同样装在轴梁1上,它的活塞杆3a与自动的杠杆调节器5的杠杆臂5a相连。此杠杆调节器5有一个传动装置,借助于此传动装置,根据制动衬带磨损情况自动调整制动凸轮轴2的起始位置。
设在一个与杠杆臂5a设计成整体的杠杆调节器5外壳5b中的传动装置包括一个蜗轮6,蜗轮6通过一个其走向与轴线平行的型面,例如花键型面6a,与制动凸轮轴2上相应的型面2b传扭和无间隙地连接。在本实施例中这两个设计为花键2b和6a的型面的横截面如图2中所示。
由图3和4可以看出,蜗轮6的两侧设有环状外表面6b,它们作为支承面支承在外壳5b的圆柱形孔5c中。此圆柱形孔5c还同时以其相邻部分作为支承环7圆柱形外表面7a的支承面,支承环7与支承杠杆8固定连接。支承环7和支承杠杆8之间的这种固定连接的实施例可见图5至7。
如图所示,支承环7通过垂直于其外表面7a耸起的凸块7b与支承杠杆8相连,支承杠杆8上为此目的设有与此凸块7b相适应的凹槽8a。图3和4表示,当支承环7装入外壳5b的圆柱孔5c中和外壳5b端部用盖5d封闭时,通过凸块7b和凹槽8a实现在支承环7和支承杠杆8之间的固定连接。
按图2至4,支承杠杆8用螺钉9固定在支板10上,支板本身则焊在轴梁1上。一个与盖5d相对应的盖5e封闭住杠杆调节器5外壳5b的相对侧。
通过用螺钉9将支承杠杆8固定在支板10上,以及在支承杠杆8与支承环7之间进行固定连接,使杠杆调节器5通过支承环7上用作支承面的外表面7a和外壳5b的圆柱孔5c,构成了一种可摆动的支承。因为杠杆调节器5外壳5b中的圆柱孔5c,还同时用作蜗轮6环形外表面6b的支承面,蜗轮6通过花键型面2b和6a装在制动凸轮轴2上,所以构成了制动凸轮轴2上装有杠杆调节器5那一端在轴梁1上的一种间接的支承。在这种情况下,可以取消单独的推力轴承。
因为支承环7经由其与支承杠杆8的固定连接传扭地通过支板10支承在轴梁1上,所以它同时还构成了设在杠杆调节器5中的传动装置的支点。以此方式,取消了所需的支点支架和支点杠杆。
因此,上述结构减少了支承制动凸轮轴2和构成杠杆调节器5传动装置支点所需的零件数量。此外,简化了鼓式制动器的装配。在图1中可见用于支承制动凸轮轴2装有制动凸轮2a的那一端的轴承。此轴承包括一个固定在轴梁1上的轴承支架11,在轴承支架11的孔中装入轴承套12,轴承套12与制动凸轮轴2的圆柱形外表面共同工作。

Claims (4)

1.用于汽车车轴的鼓式制动器有一根由制动缸操纵的制动凸轮轴,制动凸轮轴在其装有制动凸轮的一端,借助于一个轴承,以及在其装有杠杆调节器的另一端,通过一个推力轴承,可旋转地支承在轴梁上,其中,杠杆调节器上设有一个传扭地装在制动凸轮轴上用以调整制动衬带磨损的蜗轮,以及设有一个用于传扭地固定在轴梁上的杠杆的支承环,其特征为:推力轴承由支承在杠杆调节器外壳(5b)圆柱孔(5c)中的蜗轮(6)外表面(6b)和装在杠杆调节器外壳(5b)中的轴承环(7)外表面(a)构成,蜗轮(6)借助于一个其走向与轴线平行的型面(2b,6a)固定在制动凸轮轴(2)上,支承环(7)与支承杠杆(8)连接,支承杠杆(8)本身则固定在一块设在轴梁(1)上的支板(10)上。
2.按照权利要求1所述之鼓式制动器,其特征为:支承杠杆(8)同时还设计为杠杆调节器(5)的传动装置的支点支架。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述之鼓式制动器,其特征为:装在杠杆调节器外壳(5b)内的支承环(7),通过垂直于其外表面(7a)耸起并伸出杠杆调节器外壳(5b)盖(5d)的凸块(7b),与设有相应凹槽(8a)的支承杠杆(8)相连。
4.按照权利要求3所述之鼓式制动器,其特征为:蜗轮(6)和支承环(7)的外表面(6b,7a)装在杠杆调节器外壳(5b)的同一个通孔(5c)内。
CN95104224A 1994-04-14 1995-04-13 车轴的鼓式制动器 Expired - Fee Related CN1060849C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4412802.9 1994-04-14
DE4412802A DE4412802C1 (de) 1994-04-14 1994-04-14 Lagerung einer Bremsnockenwelle für Trommelbremsen von Fahrzeugachsen

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CN1119713A CN1119713A (zh) 1996-04-03
CN1060849C true CN1060849C (zh) 2001-01-17

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EP (1) EP0677678B1 (zh)
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US7040465B2 (en) * 2003-09-24 2006-05-09 Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems Llc Slack adjuster with wear reduction
DE102004046230A1 (de) * 2004-09-22 2006-03-23 Bpw Bergische Achsen Kg Verschleißsensor für Fahrzeugbremsen
SE537115C2 (sv) 2012-07-05 2015-01-20 Scania Cv Ab Lagerkonsolkonfiguration för trumbroms och metod för montering av en lagerkonsolkonfiguration
CN103775546B (zh) * 2014-02-24 2016-02-03 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 一种鼓式制动器摩擦片磨损显示装置
DE102014106652A1 (de) 2014-05-12 2015-11-12 Bpw Bergische Achsen Kg Nockenwellenlagerung sowie Dichtung hierfür
DE102019005788A1 (de) * 2019-08-20 2021-02-25 Haldex Brake Products Ab Steuerarmanordnung für einen Bremshebel
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US5477945A (en) 1995-12-26
EP0677678B1 (de) 1998-07-22
DE59502863D1 (de) 1998-08-27
EP0677678A3 (de) 1997-08-13
DE4412802C1 (de) 1995-08-17
EP0677678A2 (de) 1995-10-18
CN1119713A (zh) 1996-04-03

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