CN106082992A - 一种教学陶瓷用瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种教学陶瓷用瓷及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106082992A
CN106082992A CN201610417895.8A CN201610417895A CN106082992A CN 106082992 A CN106082992 A CN 106082992A CN 201610417895 A CN201610417895 A CN 201610417895A CN 106082992 A CN106082992 A CN 106082992A
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段海云
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种教学陶瓷用瓷,由坯体和釉料制成,所述陶瓷坯体主要包括以下质量份的原料:骨粉65~70份、长石4~5份、石英8~10份、高岭土8~10份、钟乳石1~2份、稀土元素2~3份、白玛瑙1~2份、石燕2~3份、鹅管石3~6份、芒硝2~4份、代赭石5~8份和大青盐1~2份;本发明工艺简单、制备时间短、能耗低;本发明制备的陶瓷极大的提高了良品率,降低了废品率,使废品率降低到0.1%以下;本发明制备的陶瓷极大的提高了白度和半透明度,使白度达到89以上,半透明度在1.9以上。

Description

一种教学陶瓷用瓷及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种教学陶瓷用瓷及其制备方法,属于教学用具领域。
背景技术
陶瓷是陶器和瓷器的总称。人们早在约8000年前的新石器时代就发明了陶器。常见的陶瓷材料有粘土、氧化铝、高岭土等。陶瓷材料一般硬度较高,但可塑性较差。除了使用于食器、装饰上外,陶瓷在科学、技术的发展中亦扮演着重要角色。陶瓷原料是地球原有的大量资源黏土经过淬取而成。而粘土的性质具韧性,常温遇水可塑,微干可雕,全干可磨;烧至700度可成陶器能装水;烧至1230度则瓷化,可几乎完全不吸水且耐高温耐腐蚀。其用法之弹性,在今日文化科技中有各种创意的应用。发明了陶器。陶瓷材料大多是氧化物、氮化物、硼化物和碳化物等。
陶瓷是化学、物理、生物、美术等教学过程中必不可少的一种材料,例如美术用陶瓷模型、研钵等都是陶瓷制品,应用及其广泛;但是现有的陶瓷白度和半透明度低,不利于教学的使用,而且由于部分教学用具对于陶瓷的要求高,使得相应陶瓷制备困难,成功率低、废品率高并且制备时间长、能耗高,不利于教学工作的进行。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是提供一种教学陶瓷用瓷,具有白度高和半透明度高的优点。
本发明要解决的另一问题是提供一种教学陶瓷用瓷的制备方法,具有工艺简单、制备时间短、能耗低和废品率低的优点。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种教学陶瓷用瓷,由坯体和釉料制成,所述陶瓷坯体主要包括以下质量份的原料:骨粉65~70份、长石4~5份、石英8~10份、高岭土8~10份、钟乳石1~2份、稀土元素2~3份、白玛瑙1~2份、石燕2~3份、鹅管石3~6份、芒硝2~4份、代赭石5~8份和大青盐1~2份。
所述陶瓷釉料主要包括以下质量份的原料:长石32~34份、滑石6~8份、石英6~8份、锆石10~12份、蛭石9~10份、青礞石12~14份和瓷粉19~20份。
所述长石的化学成分为:SiO2:68%,Al2O3:12%,P+S:0.05%,K2O+Na2O:19%;
所述石英的化学成分为SiO2≥99.8%,Fe2O3≤0.015%;
所述高岭土的化学成分为SiO2:45% ,Al2O3:39.5%;
所述稀土元素的组分按质量百分比为:镧:20%,铈:1%,镨:6%,钕:11%,钷:10%,钐:18%,铕:5%,镝:22%,余量为铒和不可避免的杂质。
以下是对上述技术方案的进一步优化:
一种教学陶瓷用瓷的制备方法,所述制备方法依次包括以下步骤:坯料原料预处理、制备坯料、制备釉料、分级高温素烧、施釉、分级低温釉烧和分级降温。
所述坯料原料预处理步骤为:将钟乳石、石燕、鹅管石、芒硝、代赭石和大青盐放置到浓度为15%的醋酸溶液中浸泡0.5小时后,再用乙醇浸泡0.5小时后备用。
所述分级高温素烧步骤为:按每小时200℃~250℃的升温速度,在氧化气氛下,把步骤1中所制得的坯料加热到800℃~820℃,保持此温度1个小时,再按每小时250℃~300℃的升温速度升温至1000℃~1100℃,保持此温度2个小时,再按每小时350℃~400℃的升温速度升温至1200℃~1250℃,保持此温度3个小时,完成高温素烧,然后随着加热用的窑炉冷却至常温。
所述分级低温釉烧步骤为:把施釉完成的坯体,在氧化气氛下,按每小时180℃~190℃的升温速度升温至650℃~680℃,保持此温度2个小时,再按每小时200℃~210℃的升温速度升温至880℃~900℃,保持此温度2个小时,再按每小时200℃~210℃的升温速度升温至1000℃~1100℃,保持此温度6个小时,烧制成为废品率低的陶瓷。
所述分级降温步骤为:把釉烧完成后的废品率低的陶瓷,在还原气氛下,按每小时150℃的降温速度,降温至900℃,保持此温度1小时;再按每小时180℃的降温速度,降温至800℃,保持此温度1小时;按每小时200℃的降温速度,再降温至700℃,保持此温度0.5小时;按每小时200℃的降温速度,再降温至600℃,保持此温度0.5小时;之后随着加热用的窑炉冷却至常温,完成废品率低的陶瓷的整个烧制过程。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下优点:本发明工艺简单、制备时间短、能耗低,分级高温素烧仅需不到12小时,分级低温釉烧仅需不到16小时,分级降温仅需不到6小时,降低了陶瓷的制备时间;本发明制备的陶瓷极大的提高了良品率,降低了废品率,使废品率降低到0.1%以下;本发明制备的陶瓷极大的提高了白度和半透明度,使白度达到89以上,半透明度在1.9以上。
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
具体实施方式
实施例1,一种教学陶瓷用瓷,由坯体和釉料制成,
其中陶瓷坯体主要包括以下质量份的原料:骨粉65份、长石5份、石英10份、高岭土10份、钟乳石1份、稀土元素3份、白玛瑙2份、石燕3份、鹅管石3份、芒硝2份、代赭石8份和大青盐1份;
其中陶瓷釉料主要包括以下质量份的原料:长石32份、滑石8份、石英8份、锆石10份、蛭石9份、青礞石13份和瓷粉20份。
长石的化学成分为:SiO2:68%、Al2O3:12%、P+S:0.05%,K2O+Na2O:19%;
石英的化学成分为SiO2≥99.8%,Fe2O3≤0.015%;
高岭土的化学成分为SiO2:45% ,Al2O3:39.5%;
稀土元素的组分按质量百分比为:镧:20%,铈:1%,镨:6%,钕:11%,钷:10%,钐:18%,铕:5%,镝:22%,余量为铒和不可避免的杂质。
一种教学陶瓷用瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1.坯料原料预处理:将钟乳石、石燕、鹅管石、芒硝、代赭石和大青盐放置到浓度为15%的醋酸溶液中浸泡0.5小时后,再用乙醇浸泡0.5小时后备用。
2.制备坯料:将步骤1中预处理过的钟乳石、石燕、鹅管石、芒硝、代赭石和大青盐与未处理骨粉、长石、石英、高岭土、稀土元素和白玛瑙为原料制备坯料,坯料的制备方法采用传统工艺即可,制备完成后备用;
3.制备釉料:按所述废品率低的陶瓷釉料的原料制备釉料,制备完成后备用。
4.分级高温素烧:按每小时200℃~250℃的升温速度,在氧化气氛下,把步骤1中所制得的坯料加热到800℃~820℃,保持此温度1个小时,再按每小时250℃~300℃的升温速度升温至1000℃~1100℃,保持此温度2个小时,再按每小时350℃~400℃的升温速度升温至1200℃~1250℃,保持此温度3个小时,完成高温素烧,然后随着加热用的窑炉冷却至常温;
5.施釉:采用传统工艺制备把步骤2中制备的釉料施给坯体;
6.分级低温釉烧:把步骤5施釉完成的坯体,在氧化气氛下,按每小时180℃~190℃的升温速度升温至650℃~680℃,保持此温度2个小时,再按每小时200℃~210℃的升温速度升温至880℃~900℃,保持此温度2个小时,再按每小时200℃~210℃的升温速度升温至1000℃~1100℃,保持此温度6个小时,烧制成为废品率低的陶瓷;
7.分级降温:先把步骤6中完成烧制的废品率低的陶瓷,在还原气氛下,按每小时150℃的降温速度,降温至900℃,保持此温度1小时;再按每小时180℃的降温速度,降温至800℃,保持此温度1小时;按每小时200℃的降温速度,再降温至700℃,保持此温度0.5小时;按每小时200℃的降温速度,再降温至600℃,保持此温度0.5小时;之后随着加热用的窑炉冷却至常温,完成废品率低的陶瓷的整个烧制过程。
实施例2,一种教学陶瓷用瓷,由坯体和釉料制成,其中陶瓷坯体主要包括以下质量份的原料:骨粉68份、长石5份、石英9份、高岭土8份、钟乳石1.5份、稀土元素2.5份、白玛瑙1.5份、石燕2.5份、鹅管石5份、芒硝3份、代赭石6份和大青盐2份;
稀土元素的组分按质量百分比为:镧:20%,铈:1%,镨:6%,钕:11%,钷:10%,钐:18%,铕:5%,镝:22%,余量为铒和不可避免的杂质。
长石的化学成分为:SiO2:68%,Al2O3:12%,P+S:0.05%,K2O+Na2O:19%;
石英的化学成分为SiO2≥99.8%,Fe2O3≤0.015%;
高岭土的化学成分为SiO2:45% ,Al2O3:39.5%;
其中陶瓷釉料主要包括以下质量份的原料:长石33份、滑石7份、石英7份、锆石11份、蛭石10份、青礞石12份和瓷粉20份。
一种教学陶瓷用瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1.坯料原料预处理:将钟乳石、石燕、鹅管石、芒硝、代赭石和大青盐放置到浓度为15%的醋酸溶液中浸泡0.5小时后,再用乙醇浸泡0.5小时后备用。
2.制备坯料:按将步骤1中预处理过的钟乳石、石燕、鹅管石、芒硝、代赭石和大青盐与未处理骨粉、长石、石英、高岭土、稀土元素和白玛瑙为原料制备坯料制备坯料,坯料的制备方法采用传统工艺即可,制备完成后备用;
3.制备釉料:按所述废品率低的陶瓷釉料的原料制备釉料,制备完成后备用。
4.分级高温素烧:按每小时200℃~250℃的升温速度,在氧化气氛下,把步骤1中所制得的坯料加热到800℃~820℃,保持此温度1个小时,再按每小时250℃~300℃的升温速度升温至1000℃~1100℃,保持此温度2个小时,再按每小时350℃~400℃的升温速度升温至1200℃~1250℃,保持此温度3个小时,完成高温素烧,然后随着加热用的窑炉冷却至常温;
5.施釉:采用传统工艺制备把步骤2中制备的釉料施给坯体;
6.分级低温釉烧:把步骤5施釉完成的坯体,在氧化气氛下,按每小时180℃~190℃的升温速度升温至650℃~680℃,保持此温度2个小时,再按每小时200℃~210℃的升温速度升温至880℃~900℃,保持此温度2个小时,再按每小时200℃~210℃的升温速度升温至1000℃~1100℃,保持此温度6个小时,烧制成为废品率低的陶瓷;
7.分级降温:先把步骤6中完成烧制的废品率低的陶瓷,在还原气氛下,按每小时150℃的降温速度,降温至900℃,保持此温度1小时;再按每小时180℃的降温速度,降温至800℃,保持此温度1小时;按每小时200℃的降温速度,再降温至700℃,保持此温度0.5小时;按每小时200℃的降温速度,再降温至600℃,保持此温度0.5小时;之后随着加热用的窑炉冷却至常温,完成废品率低的陶瓷的整个烧制过程。
实施例3,一种教学陶瓷用瓷,由坯体和釉料制成,其中陶瓷坯体主要包括以下质量份的原料:骨粉70份、长石4份、石英8份、高岭土10份、钟乳石2份、稀土元素2份、白玛瑙1份、石燕2份、鹅管石6份、芒硝4份、代赭石5份和大青盐1份;
其中陶瓷釉料主要包括以下质量份的原料:长石34份、滑石6份、石英6份、锆石12份、蛭石9份、青礞石14份和瓷粉19份。
长石的化学成分为:SiO2:68%,Al2O3:12%,P+S:0.05%,K2O+Na2O:19%;
石英的化学成分为SiO2≥99.8%,Fe2O3≤0.015%;
高岭土的化学成分为SiO2:45%, Al2O3:39.5%;
稀土元素的组分按质量百分比为:镧:20%,铈:1%,镨:6%,钕:11%,钷:10%,钐:18%,铕:5%,镝:22%,余量为铒和不可避免的杂质。
一种教学陶瓷用瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1.坯料原料预处理:将钟乳石、石燕、鹅管石、芒硝、代赭石和大青盐放置到浓度为15%的醋酸溶液中浸泡0.5小时后,再用乙醇浸泡0.5小时后备用。
2.制备坯料:将步骤1中预处理过的钟乳石、石燕、鹅管石、芒硝、代赭石和大青盐与未处理骨粉、长石、石英、高岭土、稀土元素和白玛瑙为原料制备坯料制备坯料,坯料的制备方法采用传统工艺即可,制备完成后备用;
3.制备釉料:按所述废品率低的陶瓷釉料的原料制备釉料,制备完成后备用。
4.分级高温素烧:按每小时200℃~250℃的升温速度,在氧化气氛下,把步骤1中所制得的坯料加热到800℃~820℃,保持此温度1个小时,再按每小时250℃~300℃的升温速度升温至1000℃~1100℃,保持此温度2个小时,再按每小时350℃~400℃的升温速度升温至1200℃~1250℃,保持此温度3个小时,完成高温素烧,然后随着加热用的窑炉冷却至常温;
5.施釉:采用传统工艺制备把步骤2中制备的釉料施给坯体;
6.分级低温釉烧:把步骤5施釉完成的坯体,在氧化气氛下,按每小时180℃~190℃的升温速度升温至650℃~680℃,保持此温度2个小时,再按每小时200℃~210℃的升温速度升温至880℃~900℃,保持此温度2个小时,再按每小时200℃~210℃的升温速度升温至1000℃~1100℃,保持此温度6个小时,烧制成为废品率低的陶瓷;
7.分级降温:先把步骤6中完成烧制的废品率低的陶瓷,在还原气氛下,按每小时150℃的降温速度,降温至900℃,保持此温度1小时;再按每小时180℃的降温速度,降温至800℃,保持此温度1小时;按每小时200℃的降温速度,再降温至700℃,保持此温度0.5小时;按每小时200℃的降温速度,再降温至600℃,保持此温度0.5小时;之后随着加热用的窑炉冷却至常温,完成废品率低的陶瓷的整个烧制过程。
由上述各实施例所制得的精骨瓷性能如下表:
以上所述为本发明最佳实施方式的举例,其中未详细述及的部分均为本领域普通技术人员的公知常识。本发明的保护范围以权利要求的内容为准,任何基于本发明的技术启示而进行的等效变换,也在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种教学陶瓷用瓷,由坯体和釉料制成,其特征在于:所述陶瓷坯体主要包括以下质量份的原料:骨粉65~70份、长石4~5份、石英8~10份、高岭土8~10份、钟乳石1~2份、稀土元素2~3份、白玛瑙1~2份、石燕2~3份、鹅管石3~6份、芒硝2~4份、代赭石5~8份和大青盐1~2份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种教学陶瓷用瓷,其特征在于:所述陶瓷釉料主要包括以下质量份的原料:长石32~34份、滑石6~8份、石英6~8份、锆石10~12份、蛭石9~10份、青礞石12~14份和瓷粉19~20份。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种教学陶瓷用瓷,其特征在于:所述长石的化学成分为:SiO2:68%,Al2O3:12%,P+S:0.05%,K2O+Na2O:19%;
石英的化学成分为SiO2≥99.8%,Fe2O3≤0.015%;
高岭土的化学成分为SiO2:45%,Al2O3:39.5%;
所述稀土元素的组分按质量百分比为:镧:20%,铈:1%,镨:6%,钕:11%,钷:10%,钐:18%,铕:5%,镝:22%,余量为铒和不可避免的杂质。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种教学陶瓷用瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法依次包括以下步骤:坯料原料预处理、制备坯料、制备釉料、分级高温素烧、施釉、分级低温釉烧和分级降温。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种教学陶瓷用瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述坯料原料预处理步骤为:将钟乳石、石燕、鹅管石、芒硝、代赭石和大青盐放置到浓度为15%的醋酸溶液中浸泡0.5小时后,再用乙醇浸泡0.5小时后备用。
6.如权利要求4所述的一种教学陶瓷用瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述分级高温素烧步骤为:按每小时200℃~250℃的升温速度,在氧化气氛下,把步骤1中所制得的坯料加热到800℃~820℃,保持此温度1个小时,再按每小时250℃~300℃的升温速度升温至1000℃~1100℃,保持此温度2个小时,再按每小时350℃~400℃的升温速度升温至1200℃~1250℃,保持此温度3个小时,完成高温素烧,然后随着加热用的窑炉冷却至常温。
7.如权利要求4所述的一种教学陶瓷用瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述分级低温釉烧步骤为:把施釉完成的坯体,在氧化气氛下,按每小时180℃~190℃的升温速度升温至650℃~680℃,保持此温度2个小时,再按每小时200℃~210℃的升温速度升温至880℃~900℃,保持此温度2个小时,再按每小时200℃~210℃的升温速度升温至1000℃~1100℃,保持此温度6个小时,烧制成为废品率低的陶瓷。
8.如权利要求4所述的一种教学陶瓷用瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述分级降温步骤为:把釉烧完成后的废品率低的陶瓷,在还原气氛下,按每小时150℃的降温速度,降温至900℃,保持此温度1小时;再按每小时180℃的降温速度,降温至800℃,保持此温度1小时;按每小时200℃的降温速度,再降温至700℃,保持此温度0.5小时;按每小时200℃的降温速度,再降温至600℃,保持此温度0.5小时;之后随着加热用的窑炉冷却至常温,完成废品率低的陶瓷的整个烧制过程。
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