CN106082968A - 一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品 - Google Patents
一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品,由以下重量份的原料制备制成:硼砂2‑3、膨润土10‑14、锡粉3‑4、方解石粉10‑13、玉石粉15‑17、瓷石18‑23、聚乙烯醇3‑4、甲壳素4‑6、香草醛3‑4、活性炭5‑6、滑石粉6‑8、粉煤灰40‑45、白釉球35‑40、废玻璃6‑8、麦饭石10‑14、绿茶21‑25、橙子皮14‑17、贝壳粉6‑8、虾壳粉4‑6、聚乙烯醇0.2‑0.3、磷酸三丁酯0.2‑0.3、去离子水适量;本发明的陶瓷的烧成温度比传统陶瓷烧成温度低,釉面强度高,表面光滑,大幅度降低了陶瓷生产能耗,变废为宝,大大提高了粉煤灰的资源化利用,为节能减排做出贡献。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及日用陶瓷技术领域,尤其涉及一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品。
背景技术
我国不仅矿产资源丰富,同时也是世界上最大的煤炭生产国和煤炭消费国,近年来,我国火力发电发展迅速,其中大多数以煤炭为燃料,发电量达1.3亿kW•h,火力发电所占比例达到了79.6%,由此导致粉煤灰排放量逐年增加。2010年底,排放量达到近3亿吨,大量粉煤灰的排放收到了越来越广泛的关注。我国自1987年开始就对如何利用粉煤灰作为资源综合利用的突破口,对其进行综合利用,成为经济和社会发展的一项长远方针。废玻璃类物质其化学稳定性极强,不腐烂、不燃烧、不能降解,大量的废玻璃既占地,又污染环境,回收和利用是节约能源、保护环境的最佳途径,而且具有很好的经济性,玻璃的主要成分是二氧化硅,能够促进陶瓷的烧结。在陶瓷生产中,烧成温度越高,烧成时间越长,能耗就越高,据热平衡计算,烧成温度每降低100℃,则单位产品热耗可降低10%以上,烧成时间每缩短10%,则产量增加10%,热耗降低4%,所以降低烧成温度和时间具有显著的节能减排社会意义。
近20年来,陶瓷行业进入了日新月异的发展阶段,新技术、新设备的大量使用,陶瓷产量也有较大幅度增长。新型陶瓷作为一种新材料,以其优异的性能在材料领域独树一帜,受到人们的高度重视。日用陶瓷作为传统陶瓷材料在材料领域占有重要的地位,因为它涉及到人们生活的方方面面,日用陶瓷的发展随着人们生活水平的提高提出了更多的要求,其中抗菌是目前提出最普遍的要求。由于瓷器的大量需求,瓷土资源的大量开采正以惊人的速度减少,并且是不可再生资源,如果找不到替代资源,人们有可能以后会面临无资源可采的尴尬局面。杨玉卫等人在《利用粉煤灰等工业废料制备日用陶瓷的研究》一文中指出,利用火电厂排放的粉煤灰、陶瓷工业产生的大量废匣钵、废瓷粉利用正交试验设计配方,研制出清洁生产日用陶瓷的配方,其中粉煤灰、废匣钵、废瓷粉的含量分别是10%、10%、8%,应用此技术可以为企业带来可观的经济效益,为粉煤灰的资源化利用找到出口,虽然提高了社会效益和经济效益,但是很多性能没有达到人们的要求,例如抗菌、抗高温、抗冻等性能不高、使用寿命不长的缺点。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,提供一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品,由以下重量份的原料制备制成:硼砂2-3、膨润土10-14、锡粉3-4、方解石粉10-13、玉石粉15-17、瓷石18-23、聚乙烯醇3-4、甲壳素4-6、香草醛3-4、活性炭5-6、滑石粉6-8、粉煤灰40-45、白釉球35-40、废玻璃6-8、麦饭石10-14、绿茶21-25、橙子皮14-17、贝壳粉6-8、虾壳粉4-6、聚乙烯醇0.2-0.3、磷酸三丁酯0.2-0.3、去离子水适量。
所述一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品,由下列具体步骤制备制成:
(1)将聚乙烯醇、甲壳素和40-50倍量的去离子水混合,加热搅拌形成糊状物,再加入香草醛、活性炭、滑石粉继续搅拌,磨匀得到复合抗菌剂,真空脱泡后干燥备用;
(2)将麦饭石洗净烘干后磨成细粉,将绿茶、橙子皮、贝壳粉、虾壳粉混合加到75%的乙醇溶液中,在50-60℃时煎煮20-30min,继续升温至90-100℃时煎煮10-20min,冷却至室温后进行离心分离,取其上清液浓缩后和聚乙烯醇、麦饭石粉、磷酸三丁酯球磨30-40min,结束后一边用直流电动搅拌机对浆料不断搅拌,一边喷雾干燥制成纳米麦饭石微球备用;
(3)将废玻璃清洗干净后烘干进行破碎,然后加到胶体磨中研磨过100-200目筛,将玻璃粉与硼砂、膨润土、玉石粉、瓷石混合得到干物料,加入占干物料总质量40-50%的去离子水,经过球磨粉碎得到过300-400目的浆料;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的浆料用磁选机进行磁选除铁,使浆料中铁的含量≤0.2%,将浆料加到成型机中干燥成型得到坯体,将坯体放入炉内温度为100-200℃的烧结炉中,在1230-1280℃温度下进行煅烧5-7h,冷却至常温后打磨刨光备用;
(5)将白釉球、方解石粉、锡粉和步骤(1)得到的抗菌剂混合,加到球磨机中进行湿法球磨,加入物料总重量45-55%的去离子水,将球磨后的釉浆分别过200目、300目筛,去除杂质及粗颗粒,得到细釉浆,将釉浆施釉于步骤(4)制备的素坯上,在1160-1260℃下烧结4-5h;
(6)将步骤(2)制备的纳米麦饭石微球和磷酸氢铝粘结剂按照2-3:1比例混合,涂敷在步骤(5)制备的陶瓷表面,经阴干后在120-140℃下恒温2h即可得到。
本发明的优点是:本发明利用废弃资源粉煤灰作为陶瓷原料,降低了对环境的污染,并且其中氧化硅、氧化铝含量较高,颗粒比表面积大呈多孔结构,容易研磨,可以降低制品的烧成温度,达到节能的目的,废弃的玻璃在与粉煤灰烧结过程中,在低温下熔融,形成玻璃相,起到结合剂的作用,降低了烧成温度,并且提高了陶瓷表面光滑、抗冻、易清洁、抗冲击等方面的性能,将合成的抗菌剂和釉料混合施釉在陶瓷素坯表面,提高了陶瓷的抗菌性能,降低了人类患病的危险系数,并且采用绿茶、橙子皮、贝壳粉、虾壳粉煎煮提取出微量元素用麦饭石包覆形成纳米麦饭石微球,利用粘结剂粘结在陶瓷表面,通过长期受热可溶出多种对人体有益的微量元素,为人们的机体提供营养,强身健体,调节新陈代谢,对人体大有益处,本发明的陶瓷的烧成温度比传统陶瓷烧成温度低,釉面强度高,表面光滑,大幅度降低了陶瓷生产能耗,变废为宝,大大提高了粉煤灰的资源化利用,为节能减排做出贡献。
具体实施方式
一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品,由以下重量份(公斤)的原料制备制成:硼砂2、膨润土10、锡粉3、方解石粉10、玉石粉15、瓷石18、聚乙烯醇3、甲壳素4、香草醛3、活性炭5、滑石粉6、粉煤灰40、白釉球35、废玻璃6、麦饭石10、绿茶21、橙子皮14、贝壳粉6、虾壳粉4、聚乙烯醇0.2、磷酸三丁酯0.2、去离子水适量。
所述一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品,由下列具体步骤制备制成:
(1)将聚乙烯醇、甲壳素和40倍量的去离子水混合,加热搅拌形成糊状物,再加入香草醛、活性炭、滑石粉继续搅拌,磨匀得到复合抗菌剂,真空脱泡后干燥备用;
(2)将麦饭石洗净烘干后磨成细粉,将绿茶、橙子皮、贝壳粉、虾壳粉混合加到75%的乙醇溶液中,在50℃时煎煮20min,继续升温至90℃时煎煮10min,冷却至室温后进行离心分离,取其上清液浓缩后和聚乙烯醇、麦饭石粉、磷酸三丁酯球磨30min,结束后一边用直流电动搅拌机对浆料不断搅拌,一边喷雾干燥制成纳米麦饭石微球备用;
(3)将废玻璃清洗干净后烘干进行破碎,然后加到胶体磨中研磨过100目筛,将玻璃粉与硼砂、膨润土、玉石粉、瓷石混合得到干物料,加入占干物料总质量40%的去离子水,经过球磨粉碎得到过300目的浆料;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的浆料用磁选机进行磁选除铁,使浆料中铁的含量≤0.2%,将浆料加到成型机中干燥成型得到坯体,将坯体放入炉内温度为100℃的烧结炉中,在1230℃温度下进行煅烧5h,冷却至常温后打磨刨光备用;
(5)将白釉球、方解石粉、锡粉和步骤(1)得到的抗菌剂混合,加到球磨机中进行湿法球磨,加入物料总重量45%的去离子水,将球磨后的釉浆分别过200目、300目筛,去除杂质及粗颗粒,得到细釉浆,将釉浆施釉于步骤(4)制备的素坯上,在1160℃下烧结4h;
(6)将步骤(2)制备的纳米麦饭石微球和磷酸氢铝粘结剂按照2:1比例混合,涂敷在步骤(5)制备的陶瓷表面,经阴干后在120℃下恒温2h即可得到。
试验数据:
产品外观规整,釉面平整;抗热震性试验达到200℃投入20℃水中热交换一次不裂;机械强度≥138mp2;釉面维氏显微硬度≥6.2GPa;太阳光下1小时的杀菌效率≥74%;抗冲击强度≥1.3J/cm2。
Claims (2)
1.一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料制备制成:硼砂2-3、膨润土10-14、锡粉3-4、方解石粉10-13、玉石粉15-17、瓷石18-23、聚乙烯醇3-4、甲壳素4-6、香草醛3-4、活性炭5-6、滑石粉6-8、粉煤灰40-45、白釉球35-40、废玻璃6-8、麦饭石10-14、绿茶21-25、橙子皮14-17、贝壳粉6-8、虾壳粉4-6、聚乙烯醇0.2-0.3、磷酸三丁酯0.2-0.3、去离子水适量。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种添加粉煤灰的日用陶瓷制品,其特征在于,由下列具体步骤制备制成:
(1)将聚乙烯醇、甲壳素和40-50倍量的去离子水混合,加热搅拌形成糊状物,再加入香草醛、活性炭、滑石粉继续搅拌,磨匀得到复合抗菌剂,真空脱泡后干燥备用;
(2)将麦饭石洗净烘干后磨成细粉,将绿茶、橙子皮、贝壳粉、虾壳粉混合加到75%的乙醇溶液中,在50-60℃时煎煮20-30min,继续升温至90-100℃时煎煮10-20min,冷却至室温后进行离心分离,取其上清液浓缩后和聚乙烯醇、麦饭石粉、磷酸三丁酯球磨30-40min,结束后一边用直流电动搅拌机对浆料不断搅拌,一边喷雾干燥制成纳米麦饭石微球备用;
(3)将废玻璃清洗干净后烘干进行破碎,然后加到胶体磨中研磨过100-200目筛,将玻璃粉与硼砂、膨润土、玉石粉、瓷石混合得到干物料,加入占干物料总质量40-50%的去离子水,经过球磨粉碎得到过300-400目的浆料;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的浆料用磁选机进行磁选除铁,使浆料中铁的含量≤0.2%,将浆料加到成型机中干燥成型得到坯体,将坯体放入炉内温度为100-200℃的烧结炉中,在1230-1280℃温度下进行煅烧5-7h,冷却至常温后打磨刨光备用;
(5)将白釉球、方解石粉、锡粉和步骤(1)得到的抗菌剂混合,加到球磨机中进行湿法球磨,加入物料总重量45-55%的去离子水,将球磨后的釉浆分别过200目、300目筛,去除杂质及粗颗粒,得到细釉浆,将釉浆施釉于步骤(4)制备的素坯上,在1160-1260℃下烧结4-5h;
(6)将步骤(2)制备的纳米麦饭石微球和磷酸氢铝粘结剂按照2-3:1比例混合,涂敷在步骤(5)制备的陶瓷表面,经阴干后在120-140℃下恒温2h即可得到。
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CN110510878A (zh) * | 2019-10-09 | 2019-11-29 | 山东健能陶瓷科技有限公司 | 具有抗菌功能的陶瓷釉料及其制备方法和陶瓷 |
CN111646700A (zh) * | 2017-07-07 | 2020-09-11 | 福建省德化县联达陶瓷有限公司 | 一种粉煤灰基抗菌釉粉 |
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CN111646700A (zh) * | 2017-07-07 | 2020-09-11 | 福建省德化县联达陶瓷有限公司 | 一种粉煤灰基抗菌釉粉 |
CN111646700B (zh) * | 2017-07-07 | 2022-05-13 | 福建省德化县联达陶瓷有限公司 | 一种粉煤灰基抗菌釉粉 |
CN110510878A (zh) * | 2019-10-09 | 2019-11-29 | 山东健能陶瓷科技有限公司 | 具有抗菌功能的陶瓷釉料及其制备方法和陶瓷 |
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