CN106075797A - 一种无需光照的分解低分子醛组合物的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents

一种无需光照的分解低分子醛组合物的制备方法及应用 Download PDF

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CN106075797A
CN106075797A CN201610363290.5A CN201610363290A CN106075797A CN 106075797 A CN106075797 A CN 106075797A CN 201610363290 A CN201610363290 A CN 201610363290A CN 106075797 A CN106075797 A CN 106075797A
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sodium
water
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崔文艳
李晖
王衍欣
孙文明
隋承升
李存昌
柴焕生
孙俣
王中文
马祥鹏
杨顺鑫
刘素雯
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Abstract

一种无需光照的分解低分子醛组合物的制备方法及应用，该组合物主要含甲壳质、EDTA、碳酰肼、丙三醇、聚乙二醇、双氰胺、植酸钠、植酸、甲苷、对氨基苯磺酸钠、甘露醇、柠檬酸、硫代硫酸钠、改性淀粉、纤维素、胶粉、三氧化二铝、二氧化硅、硅藻土、高岭土。本组分可用于气液固相物质中甲醛、乙醛等低分子醛及极性有害小分子的去除。包括建筑内装饰材料中残留的甲醛，其水溶液及气态状可分解液相和气相中的甲醛。固体可添加于室内建筑材料、壁纸胶、硅藻泥、贝藻泥、硅球、硅藻球、内墙涂料、水性涂料等材料中。分解功能：其组分的1倍组合物可分解2倍的甲醛溶液(40％)，生成盐和水，无二次污染、无需光照，甲醛分解率可达99.7％以上。

Description

一种无需光照的分解低分子醛组合物的制备方法及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及室内空气净化，分解和去除家居、汽车室内、工厂、机关、学校、幼儿园、医院、写字楼等任何室内环境中的甲醛、乙醛等低分子醛；分解和去除硅藻泥、贝藻泥、人造板材、脲醛树脂胶、内墙涂材、水性涂料、装饰材料、壁纸、日化用品等材料中的甲醛、乙醛等低分子醛。
背景技术
目前国内市场销售的甲醛清除剂同类产品主要有光触媒类产品、化学中和封闭类、物理吸附类产品。
1.光触媒类
光触媒是一种以二氧化钛为代表的具有光催化功能的光半导体材料的总称，它涂布于基材表面，在光线的作用下，产生催化降解功能，能去除空气中游离态的甲醛，是目前市场最广泛的使用最多的甲醛清除剂类。
缺点表现在如下3点：
(1)容易生成新的化学物质，造成二次污染；
(2)化学反应一旦完成，便失去作用，无法治理持续挥发的甲醛，只能短时间有效；
(3)需紫外光直射才能生效，有局限性。
2.化学中和封闭类产品
是一种氨基化合物，它可与甲醛发生脱水反应，反应方程式如下：
～NH2+HCHO→～N＝CH2+H2O
然后利用水溶性蜡溶液及其它植物成分，在基材表面形成保护膜，封闭阻止甲醛从板材中释放。
缺点表现为如下2点：
(1)强氧化剂副作用，可能伤害其他产品，如家居漆面，金属器具等。
(2)封闭技术的治理只是掩盖污染源，一旦封闭层破裂会继续释放。
3.物理吸附附类产品
该类产品主要包括植物、中药、活性炭、壳聚糖均属于吸附型类，称甲醛捕捉剂。
缺点表现如下：
(1)物理吸附空气中的甲醛，不能彻底分解污染源。
(2)被动治理且吸附量微弱，效率低。
本产品采用植酸钠及植酸等植物提取物制成，所选材料均为食品级原料，环保无毒，对人体无害，无二次污染，净化清除效率高，且有杀菌功效。液体可用于压缩喷枪制成气态喷于空间去除游离态甲醛，乙醛等有害物质，固态可添加在硅藻土、贝藻泥、内墙涂料、纤维素、胶粉、尿醛胶中，分解大量释放及残留的甲醛，且对内墙涂材其它性能指标无影响，人造板材在出厂时甲醛可为零，从甲醛释放的源头解决问题。
发明内容
本发明的发明目的是提供一种无需任何光照的分解低分子醛的组合物的制备方法及应用，能弥补上述现有技术的不足，以满足环保及消费者的需求。
一种无需光照的分解低分子醛组合物，其特征在于它的组分及重量百分数范围分别为植酸钠8-20、植酸(柠檬酸)3-6、甲苷5-10、甲壳质1-2、CMC 1-2、对氨基苯磺酸钠6-10、硫代硫酸钠3-6、EDTA 1-2、丙三醇3-4、双氰胺2-3、碳酰肼3-6，其余为水。制备时，将植酸钠与植酸或柠檬酸溶于水中；另将双氰胺、甲壳质、碳酰肼、对氨基苯磺酸钠、硫代硫酸钠溶于水中，将二种水溶液混合后，再加入甲苷、丙三醇，然后在常温下搅拌均匀制成水溶液。
固体的制作方法：将植酸钠、甲壳质、柠檬酸、对氨基苯磺酸钠、硫代硫酸钠、双氰胺、碳酰肼均匀混合后，另将三氧化二铝或二氧化硅、硅藻土或贝藻泥、胶粉、纤维素、改性淀粉混合均匀制成固体粉末，将第一种固体随着搅拌加入第二种固体中搅拌均匀制成组合物固体。
上述含植酸钠的组合物应用空气中甲醛的去除，将液体用喷枪雾化或制成气雾状，使得组合物充满房间空气中，充分分解去除装修后空气中游离态、吸附态、固定态甲醛。
上述含植酸钠的组合物应用于水相中：乳胶漆、水性涂料、壁纸胶、脲醛胶、地板胶、硅藻泥、贝藻泥，各种含低分子醛的水性胶类物。
上述含植酸钠的组合物应用固体中：多孔物、硅藻土、贝藻泥、砂浆、二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、海泡石、人造板材、保温材料、纤维素、活性炭、泡沫材料。
上述含植酸钠的组合物应用污水中：具有杀菌防霉功能，对于污水、大型垃圾场、养鸡场、畜牧场去除异味、杀菌、除臭及去除水中极性小分子有害物质、调节PH值。
上述含植酸钠的组合物应用纺织品材料：用于生产工艺各类纺织品低分子醛及酮类有害物质的去除。
上述含植酸钠的组合物应用日用化妆品行业产品中去除甲醛、乙醛。
上述含植酸钠的组合物防霉功能：由于植酸钠本身具备防腐除臭功能，相应的组合物也具有防腐除臭的功能。
具体实施方式
本发明组合物的制备方法，其特征在于将植酸钠与植酸或柠檬酸溶于水中；另将双氰胺，甲壳质，碳酰肼，对氨基苯磺酸钠，硫代硫酸钠溶于水中，将二种水溶液混合后，再加入改性淀粉，聚乙二醇，然后在常温下搅拌均匀制成水溶液。将液体去掉为固体。
实例1
将植酸钠8g和4g植酸溶于30g水中，将甲苷5g，甲壳质1g、CMC 1g、对氨基苯磺酸钠7g、硫代硫酸钠4g、EDTA 1g、丙三醇4g、双氰胺2g、碳酰肼5g，溶于30g水中，将二种水溶液混合后再加入甲苷2g，改性淀粉1.5g，制成100g水溶液。
本发明中植酸可换成柠檬酸；丙三醇可换成聚乙二醇；甲壳质可换成CMC或水溶性纤维素；甲苷可换成甘露醇；均能获得类似效果。
实例2
将植酸钠13g与柠檬酸6g混合均匀，将对氨基苯磺酸钠7g、硫代硫酸钠10g、碳酰肼11g、双氰胺6g、纤维素2g、混合均匀，将二种固体混合后再加入改性淀粉10g、硅藻土15g、三氧化二铝5g、二氧化硅10g，胶粉5g制成粉状固体100g。
本发明组合物与甲醛反应由于得失电子而发生氧化还原反应，化学键发生变化，使得甲醛分解失去毒性。
本发明中的植酸与植酸钠形成缓冲溶液性质，适应液相PH值系统由酸性到碱性甲醛的去除，其气态可去除空气中甲醛、乙醛、丙烯醛的去除，固态可应用于硅藻泥、贝藻泥、水性涂料、脲醛胶、乳液、三氧化二铝、二氧化硅、海泡石、砂浆、石灰、碳酸钙等内墙涂材。
本发明中由于植酸钠本身具备防腐除臭功能，相应的组合物也具有防腐除臭的功能。
本发明中甲苷含有四个羟基有极性，对甲醛有扑捉能力，二氧化硅，硅藻土，三氧化二铝具多孔结构与碳酰肼结合对低分子醛基有很强的分解去除能力，对氨基苯磺酸钠及硫代硫酸钠有一定的辅助功能，并可去除氢氰酸、氨味，对装修完的建筑面积25平方甲醛超标20几倍的房间，用250g液体组合物喷成气态30分钟后，净化率达99％，对TVOC去除大于70％。
本发明对汽车室内甲醛的去除可达99％。
本发明其组分的1倍组合物可以完全分解2倍的甲醛溶液(40％)，生成盐和水，无二次污染，无色泽污染，无金属物污染
本发明添加于硅藻泥中其不像光触媒需要光照才能发挥作用，该组合物不需光照，添加1-5％可去除甲醛85-99％，且不反弹。

Claims (10)

1.该组合物其特征在于它的组分及重量百分数范围分别为植酸钠8-20、植酸3-6、甲苷5-10、甲壳质1-2、CMC 1-2、对氨基苯磺酸钠6-10、硫代硫酸钠3-6、EDTA 1-2、丙三醇3-4、双氰胺2-3、碳酰肼3-6，其余为水。
2.权利要求1所述组合物的制备方法，其特征在于将植酸钠与植酸或柠檬酸溶于水中；另将双氰胺、甲壳质、碳酰肼、对氨基苯磺酸钠，硫代硫酸钠溶于水中，将二种水溶液混合后，再加入甲苷、丙三醇，然后在常温下搅拌均匀制成水溶液。
3.权利要求1中所述含植酸钠的组合物固体的制作方法，其特征在于将植酸钠、甲壳质、柠檬酸、对氨基苯磺酸钠、硫代硫酸钠、双氰胺、碳酰肼均匀混合后，另将三氧化二铝或二氧化硅、硅藻土或贝藻泥、胶粉、纤维素、改性淀粉混合均匀制成固体粉末，将第一种固体随着搅拌加入第二种固体中搅拌均匀制成组合物固体。
4.权利要求1中组合物应用空气中甲醛的去除，将液体用喷枪雾化或制成气雾状，使得组合物充满房间空气中，充分分解去除装修后空气中游离态、吸附态、固定态甲醛。
5.权利要求1应用于水相中：乳胶漆、水性涂料、壁纸胶、脲醛胶、地板胶、硅藻泥、贝藻泥，各种含低分子醛的水性胶类物。
6.权利要求3应用固体中：多孔物、硅藻土、贝藻泥、砂浆、二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、海泡石、人造板材、保温材料、纤维素、活性炭、泡沫材料。
7.权利要求1与3应用污水中：具有杀菌防霉功能，对于污水、大型垃圾场、养鸡场、畜牧场去除异味、杀菌、除臭及去除水中极性小分子有害物质，调节PH值。
8.权利要求1应用纺织品材料：用于生产工艺各类纺织品低分子醛及酮类有害物质的去除。
9.权利要求1与3应用日用化妆品行业产品中去除甲醛、乙醛。
10.由于植酸钠本身具备防腐除臭功能，相应的组合物也具有防腐除臭的功能。
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CN108126654A (zh) * 2017-12-08 2018-06-08 北京东方计量测试研究所 一种空气净化材料、制备方法及应用
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CN111481871A (zh) * 2020-04-21 2020-08-04 范数学 一种塑料垃圾降解处理剂及其制备方法
CN112939177A (zh) * 2021-02-04 2021-06-11 扬州工业职业技术学院 一种新型环保的基于双氰胺-甲醛的脱色絮凝剂
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