CN106075227A - 一种阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物、制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物、制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物,属于中兽医中兽药领域,该组合物由以下原料构成和重量份配比为:鸡儿苦晚60~100份、生马钱子10~40份、川栋子20~60份、槟榔20~50份、百部20~50份、苦楝根皮50~80份、桃仁10~40份、川芎10~40份、荔枝核30~60份、人参20~50份、西洋参20~50份、红花10~40份。本发明用于阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物,具有成本低廉、制备简单、使用安全的特点,而且无毒副作用和药物残留,有效阻断进入产蛋期的家禽产蛋,同时对于改善家禽的肉质也有促进作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中兽医中兽药领域,具体地说是一种阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物、制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
在现代化高度集约化养殖过程中,产蛋率是家禽生产中的重要指标,也是家禽养殖经济效益好坏的体现。为此,养殖场普遍采取增加饲养密度、使用抗生素和消毒剂、改进鸡舍饲养环境等措施,使家禽处于生理临界状态。随着四季交替、养殖环境因素的改变和多发感染性疾病的影响,家禽的内环境紊乱,进入产蛋期的家禽采用饲料进行喂养,体内存在剂量大且有残留,影响到了家禽肉类的口味,造成越来越多的消费者倾向于选择购买土鸡或者是散养鸡。对于定位于肉鸡的养殖需要,进入产蛋期的家禽产蛋给生产管理工作带来了一定的影响,也增加了饲料的喂养成本。蛋鸡肉质较差,肌间脂肪含量低,使用口感差;且蛋鸡饲养过程中添加的抗生素、色素、有害添加剂等通过血液循环残留于蛋鸡体内,危害消费者健康。蛋鸡养殖周期长,投入大,直接影响到养殖的经济效益。
市面上普遍采用以下药物来进行阻断产蛋,但相应的药物也存在不足:
1.金霉素。金霉素系四环素类光谱抗生素,低浓度有抑菌作用,高浓度能杀菌,它可与血中的钙结合,形成难容的钙盐排出体外,从而阻碍蛋壳的形成,使家禽产蛋率下降或产软壳蛋。市面上销售每25Kg含量为15%的饲用金霉素,价格为200元左右。
2.磺胺类及磺胺增效剂。这类药物虽常用语防治鸡白痢、球虫病和其他细菌性疾病,对于抑制的产蛋也有效果。此类药物主要有:磺胺噻唑、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、复方敌菌净、复方新诺明、复方磺胺嘧啶等。但是,这类药物只能用于雏鸡和青年鸡,市面上的价格也较高,每100克售价13元左右。
3.丙酸睾丸素。这类药物可抑制排卵,从而起到阻断产蛋的作用,但是同时还可能发生雄性变异,需要长期使用才能见到效果,造成养殖的成本增加。同时,这些药物只能用于抱窝未醒的家禽,醒抱后立即停药。
4.氨茶碱。这系嘌呤类药物,应用于缓解鸡呼吸道传染病引起的呼吸困难,产蛋鸡使用后可以实现产蛋率下降,但是停药后可自行恢复,需要长期使用,造成养殖的成本增加。
目前尚无有效的阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物,也未曾有有效的不含抗生素、色素和有害添加剂的阻断家禽产蛋的生物饲料技术公开。
为此,养殖场对于阻断家禽产蛋的降低生产经营成本需要,消费者对于家禽肉类食品的口味追求,改善鸡的肌肉品质和提高鸡的体重,提高鸡养殖者的经济效益,给消费者提供更多安全、优质的肌肉产品,是现代化集约化家禽养殖急需解决的重要问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种无副作用,并且有效阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种制备方法简单,并且使用方便的一种阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物的制备方法。
本发明的又一目的是提供一种中药组合物在制备阻断家禽产蛋的药物中应用。
为实现上述目的,有效地阻断家禽产蛋和改善肉质,本发明人采用科学配伍,精心选择了上述组分,达到了很好的阻断蛋鸡产蛋的效果,同时也提高了禽类的肉类品质。
本发明的技术任务是按以下方式实现的,该组合物的原料构成和重量份配比为:
鸡儿苦晚60~100份、生马钱子10~40份、川栋子20~60份、槟榔20~50份、百部20~50份、苦楝根皮50~80份、桃仁10~40份、川芎10~40份、荔枝核30~60份、人参20~50份、西洋参20~50份、红花10~40份。
作为本发明进一步优选,上所述的原料组成和重量份的配比为:鸡儿苦晚80份,生马钱子25份,川栋子40份,槟榔35份,百部38份,苦楝根皮65份,桃仁25份,川芎30份,荔枝核50份,人参35份,西洋参30份,红花25份。
上述中药组合物制备成散剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、片剂、胶囊剂等药学上可接受的任意剂型。
本发明还提供的一种阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物的优选制备方法,包括如下加工步骤:
将上述各原料按配方量均匀混合后,或加入5~20倍的水加热0.5~1小时后滤掉药渣得到提取液,即得成品。
上述中药组合物优选的使用方法:对于即将进入产蛋期的鸡,在产蛋期到来前饮用中药组合物的提取液,直到进入产蛋期;对于进入产蛋初期的鸡,将中药组合物制成药剂与饲料搅拌喂食,连续服用2~5天。
本发明所选中草药的药性及药理分析如下:
鸡儿苦晚:别名了哥王,全株有毒,可药用,曾被收录于《中国药典》1977年版一部。功用主治:清热解毒,消肿散结,止痛。治瘰疬,痈肿,风湿痛,百日咳,跌打损伤。
生马钱子:别名番木鳖、苦实把豆儿、火失刻把都、苦实、马前、牛眼、大方八、马钱树。种子极毒,主要含有马钱子碱和番木鳖碱等多种生物碱。中医学上以种子泡制后入药,性寒,味苦,有通络散结,消肿止痛之效。主治四肢麻木,瘫痪,食欲不振,痞块,痈疮肿毒,咽喉肿痛。
川栋子:别名金铃子,川楝实,该药的有效成分为川楝素,具有驱虫作用缓慢而持久;大剂量使用川楝素对中枢有抑制作用,甚至引起呼吸衰竭;川楝素与抗毒血清合用,可明显降低抗毒血清用量,对抗肉毒的阻遏作用。主治舒肝行气止痛,除湿热,驱虫。用于胸胁、脘腹胀痛,疝痛,虫积腹痛。
槟榔:为棕榈科植物槟榔的干燥成熟种子。春末至秋初采收成熟果实,用水煮后,干燥,除去果皮,取出种子,干燥。槟榔具有杀虫,消积,行气,利水,截疟的功效。主治绦虫病、蛔虫病、姜片虫病,虫积腹痛,积滞泻痢,里急后重,水肿脚气,疟疾。
百部:为百部科植物直立百部、蔓生百部或对叶百部的干燥块根。具有润肺下气止咳,杀虫灭虱之功效。常用于新久咳嗽,肺痨咳嗽,顿咳;外用于头虱,体虱,蛲虫病,阴痒。蜜百部润肺止咳,用于阴虚劳嗽。具有润肺下气止咳,杀虫灭虱的功效。主治新久咳嗽,肺痨咳嗽,顿咳;外用于头虱,体虱,蛲虫病,阴痒。蜜百部润肺止咳。用于阴虚劳嗽。
苦楝根皮:别名楝木皮、楝树枝皮、苦楝树白皮、东行楝根白皮、楝皮、楝根皮、楝根木皮、苦楝树皮、苦楝根皮,为楝科植物楝和川楝的树皮及根皮。具有杀虫、疗癣的功能。主治蛔虫病、钩虫病、蛲虫病、阴道滴虫病、疥疮、头癣。
桃仁:为蔷薇科植物桃或山桃的干燥成熟种子。果实成熟后采收,除去果肉和核壳,取出种子,晒干。全国各地普遍栽培。具有活血祛瘀,润肠通便,止咳平喘的功效。主治经闭痛经,瘕瘕痞块,肺痈肠痈,跌扑损伤,肠燥便秘,咳嗽气喘。
川芎:常用于活血行气,祛风止痛,川芎辛温香燥,走而不守,既能行散,上行可达巅顶;又入血分,下行可达血海。活血祛瘀作用广泛,适宜瘀血阻滞各种病症;祛风止痛,效用甚佳,可治头风头痛、风湿痹痛等症。昔人谓川芎为血中之气药,殆言其寓辛散、解郁、通达、止痛等功能。
荔枝核:为无患子科植物荔枝的干燥成熟种子。夏季采摘成熟果实,除去果皮和肉质假种皮,洗净,晒干。具有行气散结,祛寒止痛。主治寒疝腹痛,睾丸肿痛。
人参:别称黄参、地精、神草、百草之王,多年生草本植物,喜阴凉,叶片无气孔和栅栏组织,与琼珍灵芝,东阿阿胶被称为中药国宝。人参的肉质根为著名强壮滋补药,主治调整血压、恢复心脏功能、神经衰弱及身体虚弱等症,也有祛痰、健胃、利尿、兴奋等功效。
西洋参:五加科人参属多年生草本植物,别名花旗参、洋参、西洋人参。服用方法分为煮、炖、蒸食、切片含化、研成细粉冲服等。功能主治:补气养阴,清热生津。主治气虚阴亏,内热,咳喘痰血,虚热烦倦,消渴,口燥喉干。益肺阴,清虚火,生津止渴。治肺虚久嗽,失血,咽干口渴,虚热烦倦。
红花:为菊科植物红花的干燥花。夏季花由黄变红时采摘,阴干或晒干。具有活血通经,散瘀止痛之功效。主治经闭,痛经,恶露不行,症瘕痞块,胸痹心痛,瘀滞腹痛,胸胁刺痛,跌扑损伤,疮疡肿痛。
本发明的配方中,发明人优化了中药组合物的用量,使阻断产蛋和改善肉质的药效达到平衡,达到了发明的有效目的。在具体应用过程中,所述中药组合物可以在加热煮沸后滤掉药渣得到提取液作为饮用水,或者制作成剂型以饲料添加剂的形式加入到家禽的喂养饲料中,也有同样起到较好的治疗效果。本发明人将其用于鸡的饲料中,经过一年多的饲喂发现,该中药组合物可以有效阻断家禽产蛋,并且有助于改善家禽的肉质。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:本发明用于阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物,具有成本低廉、配制简单、使用安全的特点,而且无毒副作用和药物残留,有效提高家禽的产蛋率,对于改善家禽的肉质也有促进作用。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物,该组合物的原料构成和用量分别如下:鸡儿苦晚60~100g、生马钱子10~40g、川栋子20~60g、槟榔20~50g、百部20~50g、苦楝根皮50~80g、桃仁10~40g、川芎10~40g、荔枝核30~60g、人参20~50g、西洋参20~50g、红花10~40g。
本发明还提供一种阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物的制备方法,将下列中药组合物按照配比范围混合后,或加入5~20倍的水加热0.5~1小时后滤掉药渣得到提取液,或制备成药学上可接受的任意剂型。
实施例1:
本发明提供一种阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物,该中药组合物合物的组成和重量配比数值为:鸡儿苦晚100g、生马钱子40g、川栋子60g、槟榔50g、百部50g、苦楝根皮80g、桃仁40g、川芎40g、荔枝核60g、人参50g、西洋参50g、红花40g。
上述中药组合物的制备方法为:
将鸡儿苦晚、生马钱子、川栋子、槟榔、百部、苦楝根皮、桃仁、川芎、荔枝核、人参、西洋参、红花按照配比范围均匀混合后,加入3000g的水进行加热45分钟,过滤掉药渣后放置至常温,即得成品。
实施例2:
本发明提供一种阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物,该中药组合物的组成和配比数值为:鸡儿苦晚80g、生马钱子25g、川栋子40g、槟榔35g、百部38g、苦楝根皮65g、桃仁25g、川芎30g、荔枝核50g、人参35g、西洋参30g、红花25g。
上述中药组合物的制备方法为:
将鸡儿苦晚、生马钱子、川栋子、槟榔、百部、苦楝根皮、桃仁、川芎、荔枝核、人参、西洋参、红花按照配比范围均匀混合后,制成粉末状,按每千克中药组合物配0.4千克面糊,先将面糊加入20%的水搅拌成糊状,再掺入中药组合物粉末,充分搅拌成药膏,再按中兽医传统制丸方法制成丸剂、干燥,即得成品。
实施例3:
本发明提供一种阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物,该中药组合物的组成和配比数值为:鸡儿苦晚60g、生马钱子10g、川栋子20g、槟榔20g、百部20g、苦楝根皮50g、桃仁10g、川芎20g、荔枝核40g、人参20g、西洋参20g、红花20g。
上述中药组合物的制备方法为:
将鸡儿苦晚、生马钱子、川栋子、槟榔、百部、苦楝根皮、桃仁、川芎、荔枝核、人参、西洋参、红花按照配比范围均匀混合后,制成粉末状,按每千克中药组合物配0.2千克玉米淀粉,混匀,制成颗粒剂,即得成品。
本发明提供的中药组合物可对进入产蛋期的家禽起到阻断下蛋的良好效果,对即将进入产蛋期的家禽也能起到阻断下蛋的预防效果。在具体应用过程中,本发明可以根据家禽所表现出的症状进行混合。
实验实施例1
以300只即将进入产蛋期的鸡为例,在产蛋期到来前10天将实施例1所制得的中药组合物提取液进行饮用,连续饮用直到进入产蛋期,95%的鸡未下蛋。
实验实施例2
以300只刚进入产蛋初期的鸡为例,将实施例3所制得的中药组合物颗粒剂与饲料按照重量配比1:10均匀搅拌后进行喂食,连续服用2~3天,第3天开始鸡的产蛋率下降至20%,第4天后鸡的产蛋率下降至5%以下。
实验实施例3
以300只已经进入产蛋中期的鸡为例,将实施例2所制得的中药组合物丸剂进行服用,连续服用3~5天,第4天开始鸡的产蛋率下降至18%,第5天后鸡的产蛋率下降至5%以下。
广西大学动物科技学院梁明振教授课题组对广西容县祥益农贸有限公司送检的服用该中药组合物的峤山香鸡进行屠宰性能和营养成分测试,与其他五种鸡对比结果如表1所示。
表1:峤山香鸡与其他五种鸡屠宰性能和营养成分比较
*:表示6只鸡实测平均值
**:相关文献资料给出的值
广西壮族自治区分析测试研究中心对广西容县祥益农贸有限公司送检的服用该中药组合物的峤山香鸡(样品编号:WW1004234E-266)进行检验,并出具了检测报告(NO:WW1004234E),相关检验项目的结果如表2。
表2:峤山香鸡营养成分检测表
表3:普通鸡的肉营养成分表
从表1、表2和表3可以看出,采用该中药组合物进行养殖的峤山香鸡在脂肪、肌苷酸、钙等方面的营养成分都具有明显优势。
本发明提供的中药组合物无任何副作用,定期服用可有效阻断家禽产蛋,同时家禽的肉类品质也有明显改善。因此,该中药组合物在阻断家禽产蛋的治疗或预防,以及改善家禽的肉类品质上均能够达到很好的效果。
以上所述仅为发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物,其特征在于,该组合物的原料构成和重量份配比为:
鸡儿苦晚60~100份、生马钱子10~40份、川栋子20~60份、槟榔20~50份、百部20~50份、苦楝根皮50~80份、桃仁10~40份、川芎10~40份、荔枝核30~60份、人参20~50份、西洋参20~50份、红花10~40份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物,其特征在于,各原料的重量份配比为:
鸡儿苦晚80份,生马钱子25份,川栋子40份,槟榔35份,百部38份,苦楝根皮65份,桃仁25份,川芎30份,荔枝核50份,人参35份,西洋参30份,红花25份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物制备成药学上可接受的任意剂型。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药组合物加入5~20倍的水加热0.5~1小时后滤掉药渣得到提取液,即得成品。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的一种阻断家禽产蛋的中药组合物在制备阻断家禽产蛋和改善家禽肉质的兽用药物领域中应用。
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