CN106074994B - 一种治疗银屑病的外用药物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗银屑病的外用药物，是由以下重量份数的药物为原料药：蜂房10～30份，艾叶10～50份，土大黄10～30份，川椒5～15份，苦参9～30份，大枫子6～20份，芦荟5～15份，制成的任何药剂学上适用的外用药物。本发明药物解毒杀虫、活血祛风、燥湿止痒，治疗银屑病疗效显著、见效快、无任何毒副作用，总有效率达到86.7%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗银屑病的药物，特别是涉及一种以中药为原料药制备的治疗银屑病的外用药物。
背景技术
银屑病，俗称牛皮癣，中医诊断为白疕，是一种慢性炎症性皮肤病，病程较长，有易复发倾向，有的病例几乎终生不愈。该病发病以青壮年为主，对患者身体健康和精神状况影响较大。临床表现以红斑、鳞屑为主，全身均可发病，以头皮，四肢伸侧较为常见，多在冬季加重。症候分类有风热血燥、血虚风燥、瘀滞肌肤证。有关本病的病因虽然进行过许多研究，但至今尚不十分清楚。目前认为本病的发生不是单一原因，可能涉及遗传、感染、免疫异常、内分泌因素及其他多方面。由于本病是一种慢性复发性疾病，患者需要长期医治。
目前尚无针对银屑病的特效疗法，用于治疗银屑病的各种内服外用药物以及物理疗法和中医中药疗法等都有一定的不良反应。
西医西药治疗银屑病主要是消除症状，避免进一步恶化，无法根治，且药物副作用较大，所以使用要慎重。如外用糖皮质激素虽然是目前治疗银屑病常用的疗法，但糖皮质激素对皮损的作用是暂时的，初期疗效显著，突然停药后往往会出现“反跳”现象，长期使用副作用增多，因此很多医生倾向不用，或只短期、间断使用。蒽林是一种处方型的局部用化合物，用于银屑病治疗已有一百多年历史，其副作用不大，但会刺激或烧伤银屑病皮损周围的正常皮肤。光化学疗法(PUVA)用于治疗中度到重度银屑病，以及不能用别的方法控制的可致残的银屑病。短期使用PUVA的副作用常见有胃部不适，皮肤发红发痒；长期使用会增加患皮肤色斑、皮肤早衰、白内障等的机会。对长期接受PUVA治疗的患者的多次调查显示，长期使用PUVA疗法后会导致患某些皮肤癌的风险。甲氨蝶呤(MTX)是治疗银屑病和关节型银屑病的内用药物，有口服药丸和注射针剂两种给药形式，是系统治疗银屑病的标准用药，但长期用药可引起肝脏广泛性纤维化和肝硬化。其他免疫抑制类药物的副作用主要表现为肝肾毒性、高血压、致癌、无力、中枢神经系统毒性等。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用药少、疗效确切、副作用小、治疗方便的治疗银屑病的外用药物。
本发明所述治疗银屑病的外用药物由以下重量份数的药物为原料药制成：蜂房10～30份，艾叶10～50份，土大黄10～30份，川椒5～15份，苦参9～30份，大枫子6～20份，芦荟5～15份。
本发明所述药物可以是以任何常规的药物制备方法制备得到的任何药剂学上适用的外用药物，包括粉剂、洗剂、膏剂、酊剂、贴膏、油膏等各种剂型。
蜂房祛风止痒、去腐生肌、消炎止痛，能促进创口早期愈合，本发明药物组方中将其作为君药以祛风止痒。苦参清热解毒，杀虫；川椒除湿止泻，杀虫止痒；土大黄清热解毒，凉血止血，杀虫止痒。三药共为臣药，清热、燥湿、止痒，与君药配伍，能够加强祛风止痒之功效。大枫子祛风燥湿，攻毒杀虫；芦荟清热利湿，化瘀；二者共为佐药，既能加强祛风止痒之功，又能起到燥湿、清热之效。艾叶活血化瘀、散寒止痛、祛湿止痒，作为使药，起到了调和诸药之用。诸药合用，共奏清热解毒，燥湿止痒，活血化瘀，养血润燥之功效。
本发明综合上述药物，采用研末外敷、水提液洗浴或煎液外洗等方式发挥其在治疗皮肤病方面的作用，疗效显著、价格低廉，且几乎无副作用，可以制作成不同剂型，供患者选用。特别是可以采用药浴的方式，在药疗、水疗和热疗的三重物理作用下，使药物有效成分和缓均匀地经皮肤吸收，通过全身毛细血管迅速进入体内，通达脏腑，达到治疗皮肤疾病、养生保健的目的，见效快，使用舒适，无任何毒副作用。
选择30例银屑病患者，使用本发明制备的药物进行临床疗效观察。30例病例中，男性23例，女性7例，年龄最大50岁，最小24岁，病程最长3年，最短半年，均参照1994年国家中医药管理局发布的《中医病症诊断疗效标准》中白疕的诊断依据确诊为银屑病。
诊断依据：1、皮损初为针尖至扁豆大的炎性红色丘疹，常呈点滴状分布，迅速增大，表面覆盖银白色多层性鳞屑，状如云母。鳞屑剥离后，可见薄膜现象及筛状出血，基底浸润，可有同形反应。陈旧皮疹可呈钱币状、盘状、地图状等。2、好发于头皮、四肢伸侧，以肘关节面多见，常泛发全身。3、部分病人可见指甲病变，轻者呈点状凹陷，重者甲板增厚，光泽消失。或可见于口腔、阴部粘膜。发于头皮者可见束状毛发。4、起病缓慢，易于复发。有明显季节性，一般冬重夏轻。5、可有家族史。6、组织病理检查示表皮角化过度、角化不全。角层内有中性多形核白细胞堆积，棘层增厚。表皮突呈规则性向下延伸，真皮乳头水肿呈棒状，乳头内血管扩张，血管周围有炎性细胞浸润。
疗效评定标准：治愈：皮损完全消退，或消退95%以上。好转：皮损消退50%以上。未愈：皮损消退不足50%。
根据30例患者所患银屑病皮肤大小的不同，选择不同的治疗方法，如皮损较小者选择局部用药，皮损面积较大沿及全身者选择全身药浴。以一个月为一个疗程，连续使用三个疗程后，统计30例病例，其中治愈15例，好转11例，未愈4例，总有效率达到86.7%。
具体实施方式
下述实施例仅为本发明的优选技术方案，并不用于对本发明进行任何限制。对于本领域技术人员而言，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1
取洗净、干燥的蜂房150g，艾叶300g，土大黄250g，川椒120g，苦参150g，大枫子200g，芦荟50g，混合均匀，粉碎成100目的细粉，制成外用粉剂。使用时，取适量药物粉剂，用温水调成糊状后敷在患处，纱布包扎固定。
实施例2
取洗净、干燥的蜂房180g，艾叶280g，土大黄150g，川椒80g，苦参220g，大枫子150g，芦荟120g，混合均匀，加水10kg煎煮1h，收集煎液，药渣再加水8kg煎煮1h，合并两次煎液，静置沉淀，取上清液，浓缩至10kg，制成外用洗液。使用时，将洗液用50～60℃的热水稀释10倍，直接清洗患处。
实施例3
取洗净、干燥的蜂房250g，艾叶480g，土大黄120g，川椒100g，苦参180g，大枫子100g，芦荟150g，按照实施例2方法制成煎液，浓缩成相对密度1.15(50℃)的清膏。使用时，以棉棒蘸取清膏直接涂抹患处。
实施例4
取洗净、干燥的蜂房200g，艾叶400g，土大黄200g，川椒100g，苦参200g，大枫子120g，芦荟100g，按照实施例2方法制取煎液，浓缩成相对密度1.10(50℃)的清膏，喷雾干燥并粉碎成细粉，用甘油调制成油膏。使用时，直接将油膏涂抹在患处。
实施例5
取洗净、干燥的蜂房120g，艾叶450g，土大黄300g，川椒50g，苦参100g，大枫子80g，芦荟80g，按照实施例2方法制成煎液，浓缩成相对密度1.20(50℃)的清膏，加入辅料水、甘油或凡士林等制成贴剂。
实施例6
取洗净、干燥的蜂房220g，土大黄220g，苦参300g，大枫子150g，芦荟100g，加水10kg煎煮1h，收集煎液，药渣再加水8kg煎煮1h，合并两次煎液，静置沉淀，取上清液浓缩至10kg，取洗净、干燥的艾叶220g，川椒120g，粉碎成100目的细粉，加入上述提取液中混合均匀，制成液体制剂。使用时，摇匀后涂抹患处。
实施例7
取洗净、干燥的蜂房300g，艾叶150g，土大黄180g，川椒180g，苦参250g，大枫子60g，芦荟120g，混合均匀，加入95%乙醇10kg，蒸馏提取30min，收集提取液，药渣中再加水10kg，煎煮1h，合并两次煎液，静置沉淀，取上清液浓缩至10kg，制成外用酊剂。使用时，直接清洗患处。
Claims (2)
1.一种治疗银屑病的外用药物，由以下重量份数的药物为原料药制成：蜂房10～30份，艾叶10～50份，土大黄10～30份，川椒5～15份，苦参9～30份，大枫子6～20份，芦荟5～15份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗银屑病的外用药物，所述药物为洗剂。
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