CN106072607A - 一种地瓜叶粉的加工方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种地瓜叶粉的加工方法,其包括鲜叶清洗、干燥、粉碎过筛的步骤,其中,所述干燥为真空干燥,其干燥温度为60℃,真空度0.09MPa,干燥时间8h,装载量为75%。本发明工艺简单,无护色和热烫工序,能使干燥后的地瓜叶更好地保持原有色泽及营养成分,安全绿色,易推广,同时,所得地瓜叶粉可作为营养强化剂,增加食品的营养及花色品种,提升消费者健康水平。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农产品深加工技术领域,具体涉及一种地瓜叶粉的加工方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着人们生活水平的逐步提高,越来越多的人对于绿色食品的需求不断增加。地瓜叶因其含有丰富的粗纤维、粗蛋白和矿物元素等被冠以“蔬菜皇后”的殊称,是一种营养价值很高的蔬菜,具有较好的开发利用前景。
地瓜叶(Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam,Sweet potato vine),又名红薯叶、甘薯叶、番薯叶、过沟菜等,一年生或多年生草本植物,茎细长,块根既可充主食,也可与其他粮食混食或做成各种副食。据国内外营养学家研究分析,地瓜叶中含有丰富的胡萝卜素、维生素B1、B2和C以及钙、磷、铁等矿物质,地瓜叶中的营养价值、食用价值明显高于芹莱、菠莱等蔬莱;尤其是胡萝卜素的含量比胡萝卜中的胡萝卜素高出大约3.8倍;相较于地瓜维生素B6含量多3倍,维生素C多5倍,核黄素多近10倍。地瓜叶含有丰富的营养成分和相当多的生物活性成分,因此有提高免疫力、预防动脉硬化,防止细胞癌变,预防夜盲等保健功能。
营养如此丰富的资源,应积极开发利用,使之成为美味保健食品。然而,地瓜叶却仅在广东、香港、台湾等地尤为时兴,而在大部分地区却被人们弃之不用。在广大农村中,也只将地瓜叶作为猪的饲料,实为可惜。由此可见,若是能找到一个适合地瓜叶的加工方法并将其制成营养强化剂,作为其他食品加工、增加营养的添加料,将扩大食用地瓜叶的人群范围。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种地瓜叶粉的加工方法,其工艺简单,安全绿色,易推广,同时,所得地瓜叶粉可作为营养强化剂,增加食品的营养及花色品种,提升消费者健康水平。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种地瓜叶粉的加工方法,包括鲜叶清洗、干燥、粉碎过筛的步骤;其中,所述干燥为真空干燥,干燥温度为50-70℃,真空度为0.07-0.09MPa,干燥时间6-11h,装载量为55-95%,优选地,干燥温度为60℃,真空度0.09MPa,干燥时间8h,装载量为75%;粉碎细度应为80目以上。
所得地瓜叶粉可用于作为营养强化剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明工艺简单,无护色和热烫工序,能使干燥后的地瓜叶更好地保持原有色泽及营养成分,安全绿色,易推广,同时,所得地瓜叶粉可作为营养强化剂,增加食品的营养及花色品种,提升消费者健康水平,并可提高地瓜叶这一农产品的附加值,具有较好的市场前景。
具体实施方式
一种地瓜叶粉的加工方法,包括鲜叶清洗、干燥、粉碎过筛的步骤;其中,所述干燥为真空干燥,干燥温度为50-70℃,真空度为0.07-0.09MPa,干燥时间6-11h,装载量为55-95%;优选地,干燥温度为60℃,真空度0.09MPa,干燥时间8h,装载量为75%。
为了使本发明所述的内容更加便于理解,下面结合具体方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明。
1. 不同干燥方式对地瓜叶的影响
分别采用热风干燥、微波干燥、真空干燥和微波真空干燥对洗净的地瓜鲜叶进行干燥处理,其干燥结果见表1。
表1 不同干燥方式对地瓜叶色泽的影响
由表1可知,采用真空干燥的叶绿素含量最高、叶绿素保留率最高;而呈色效果方面,虽然感官上热风干燥法略优于其他几种干燥法,但经方差分析结果显示,真空干燥法与其它干燥法无显著差异。
2. 真空干燥条件的确定
以真空干燥的温度、真空度、装载量进行三因素三水平的正交试验,试验设计见表2,结果见表3。
表2 真空干燥正交试验的因素水平表
表3 L9(34)正交实验结果
由表3可见,以叶绿素含量为主要指标进行分析,各因素的最优水平为A2B3C2,即温度60℃、真空度0.09MPa、装载量75%。
同时,将经护色处理(漂烫温度100℃,漂烫时间30s, pH值7.5,锌添加量0.01wt%)的地瓜叶与未经护色处理的地瓜叶分别于所得最优真空干燥条件下进行干燥,并对其叶绿素含量及色差a值进行测定。结果发现,经护色处理的真空干燥样品的最高叶绿素含量及最佳色差a值均大大低于未护色的真空干燥样品,这可能与两次热处理导致相关物质的劣变有关。因此,在地瓜叶的干燥过程中可不必经护色处理。
另将所得最优真空干燥工艺进行工厂化中试。中试设置了对照组和验证组两个试验组,对照组的条件为温度60℃、真空度0.07MPa、装载量75%,验证组的条件为温度60℃、真空度0.09MPa、装载量75%。中试结果表明,验证组所得样品的叶绿素含量(1.1009mg/g)、叶绿素保留率(76.44%)均比对照组的(分别为1.0188mg/g、70.74%)高,颜色也更加鲜绿,气味十分香郁浓烈,较好地印证了正交优化试验的结果。
3. 营养成分检测
将所得地瓜叶粉进行营养成分检测。结果显示,所得地瓜叶粉中各主要营养成分含量为:蛋白质34.4 g/100g、膳食纤维32.4 g/100g、β-胡萝卜素34 mg/100g、总黄酮252 mg/100g、钾6410 mg/100g、钙1080 mg/100g、镁308 mg/100g、铁15.8 mg/100g、锌6.58 mg/100g,可见其营养较为丰富;且与未经干燥的鲜叶相比,所得地瓜叶粉中各营养成分的含量可比鲜叶高出5-50倍,如鲜叶中的β-胡萝卜素仅为0.94 mg/100g。因此,按本发明方法处理,可使地瓜叶所含的营养成分得到更好地保留及释放,使所得地瓜叶粉适合作为营养强化剂添加到其它食品中。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种地瓜叶粉的加工方法,其特征在于:包括鲜叶清洗、干燥、粉碎过筛的步骤。
2.根据权利要求1所述地瓜叶粉的加工方法,其特征在于:所述干燥为真空干燥,干燥温度为50-70℃,真空度为0.07-0.09MPa,干燥时间6-11h,装载量为55-95%。
3.根据权利要求2所述地瓜叶粉的加工方法,其特征在于:干燥温度为60℃,真空度为0.09MPa,干燥时间8h,装载量为75%。
4.一种如权利要求1所述加工方法制得的地瓜叶粉的应用,其特征在于:用于作为营养强化剂。
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CN107307350A (zh) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-11-03 | 合肥睿联生物科技有限公司 | 一种莲雾清热安神地瓜叶丸子及其制备方法 |
WO2019231938A1 (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2019-12-05 | Leafpro, Llc | Purified protein concentrates of sweet potato leaves, and methods for recovery |
CN111743112A (zh) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-09 | 咸宁四季腾龙农业开发有限公司 | 一种富含氨基酸的薯尖粉及其制作方法 |
CN114947123A (zh) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-08-30 | 杭州国慷网络科技有限公司 | 番薯叶粉加工方法 |
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CN114947123A (zh) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-08-30 | 杭州国慷网络科技有限公司 | 番薯叶粉加工方法 |
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