CN106069435A - 一种直播水稻的栽培方法 - Google Patents
一种直播水稻的栽培方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106069435A CN106069435A CN201610417184.0A CN201610417184A CN106069435A CN 106069435 A CN106069435 A CN 106069435A CN 201610417184 A CN201610417184 A CN 201610417184A CN 106069435 A CN106069435 A CN 106069435A
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Classifications
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
- A01N33/18—Nitro compounds
- A01N33/20—Nitro compounds containing oxygen or sulfur attached to the carbon skeleton containing the nitro group
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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Abstract
一种直播水稻的栽培方法,步骤为:将稻田处理平整并施加底肥和增效剂后播种灌水,底肥和增效剂的每亩稻田施加量为50kg、6kg;灌水后18‑22天,将含氮量46%的尿素粉末按每亩稻田10kg的施加量施于稻田中;灌水后28‑32天,在稻田中施用第一添加物;灌水后48‑52天,在稻田中施用第三添加物;灌水后73‑77天,在稻田中依次施用第二添加物和第三添加物;上一步骤完成7天后,再在稻田中施用第二添加物;灌水后83‑87天,在稻田中施用第三添加物;灌水后93‑97天,在稻田中再施用第三添加物。本方法可以缩短传统直播水稻的生育期,而且还能有效抗病和增加亩产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水稻种植领域,具体是一种直播水稻的栽培方法。
背景技术
直播水稻技术为最近几年发展起来的一种栽培模式,但是现有水稻品种生育期偏长。以往沿淮栽培稻大部分在10月25日前收获,改为直播稻后,水稻收获期推迟了近20天,11月中旬才能播种小麦。直播水稻导致小麦无法在最佳播种期播撒下去,造成小麦减产,不能安全越冬。现有技术方案是改变水稻生育期,培育生育期短的品种从培养到量产需要8-10年时间,严重影响了农业的发展。现有技术栽培水稻对尿素的需求量很高,一般需要分别在(分蘖期、拔节期、孕穗期)使用3次,无法做到后期不追加尿素。
中国专利CN201310498621公开了一种马铃薯专用缓释-控失肥,该肥料包括如下有效组分:氮磷钾复合肥、磷酸二铵、脲酶-硝化抑制剂和控失剂。其中,各组分的质量份如下:氮磷钾复合肥20-40份、磷酸二铵15-30份、脲酶-硝化抑制剂0.2-0.6份和控失剂4-6份。该肥料将脲酶和硝化缓释化肥技术与控失化肥技术有机结合,发挥协同作用。该技术既能使肥料缓释,又能减少释放出养分的流失,具有缓释和控失双重功效。本专利所提供的一种马铃薯专用缓释-控失肥可以作为水稻底肥的增效剂。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种直播水稻的栽培方法,在不用改变水稻品种的情况下,缩短现有所有品种水稻直播模式下的生育期天,减少农药、化肥和劳动力投入。
本发明的技术方案为:
1、一种直播水稻的栽培方法,依次包括以下步骤:
(1)将稻田处理平整并施加底肥和增效剂后播种灌水,底肥和增效剂的每亩稻田施加量为50kg、6kg;
(2)灌水后18-22天,将含氮量46%的尿素粉末按每亩稻田10kg的施加量施于稻田中;
(3)灌水后28-32天,在稻田中施用第一添加物,第一添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第一添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(4)灌水后48-52天,在稻田中施用第三添加物,第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(5)灌水后73-77天,在稻田中依次施用第二添加物和第三添加物;第二添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第二添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(6)步骤(5)完成7天后,再在稻田中施用第二添加物,第二添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第二添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(7)灌水后83-87天,在稻田中施用第三添加物,第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(8)灌水后93-97天,在稻田中再施用第三添加物,第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
所述的底肥为复合肥,其中:氮元素质量百分比含量为22%,磷元素质量百分比含量为8%,钾元素质量百分比含量为12%;
增效剂由以下各质量份的组分组成:氮磷钾复合肥20-40份、磷酸二铵15-30份、脲酶-硝化抑制剂0.2-0.6份和控失剂4-6份;
所述氮磷钾复合肥中,氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的质量比为(12-16):(12-16):(12-16);
所述脲酶-硝化抑制剂由N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺和双氢胺组成,其中,所述N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺和双氢胺的重量比为(1-2):(1-3);
所述控失剂由等离子体改性凹凸棒土和硅藻土组成,其中,所述等离子体改性凹凸棒土和硅藻土的重量比为(1-2):(2-3);所述等离子体改性凹凸棒土按照如下方法制备而得:将凹凸棒土在氧气等离子体中辐照,辐照功率为800-1200W,辐照剂量为30-50kGy,辐照时间为5-10分钟,辐照样品重量为0.5-1千克,所述凹凸棒土纯度为60-70%,目数为200-300目;
所述的一份第一添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度90%的赤霉素溶液18-22ml和质量百分比浓度10%的井冈霉素溶液48-52ml;
所述的一份第二添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度0.01%的芸苔素内酯溶液4-6ml、质量百分比浓度30%的苯甲·丙环唑溶液10.5-14.5ml、水15.5-19.5ml;
所述的一份第三添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度1.8%的复硝酚钠溶液22-26ml、质量百分比浓度50%的多菌灵溶液98-102ml、水374-378ml。
为了更好地达到本发明的使用效果,本发明的优选方案如下:
作为优选的,所述的一份第一添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度90%的赤霉素溶液20ml和质量百分比浓度10%的井冈霉素溶液50ml。
作为优选的,所述的一份第二添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度0.01%的芸苔素内酯溶液5ml、质量百分比浓度30%的苯甲·丙环唑溶液12.5ml、水17.5ml;
作为优选的,所述的一份第三添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度1.8%的复硝酚钠溶液24ml、质量百分比浓度50%的多菌灵溶液100ml、水376ml。
赤霉酸(赤霉素GA3)化学名称:2,4a,7-三羟基-1-甲基-8-亚甲基赤霉-3-烯-1,10-二羧酸-1,4a-内酯;分子式C19H22O6;分子量346.37。
赤霉素广泛存在的植物激素。化学结构属于二萜类酸,由四环骨架衍生而得。赤霉素种类至少38种,应用于农业生产,可刺激叶和芽的生长,提高产量。赤霉素中生理活性最强、研究最多的是赤霉酸(GA3),它能显著地促进植物茎、叶生长,特别是对遗传型和生理型的矮生植物有明显的促进作用;能代替某些种子萌发所需要的光照和低温条件,从而促进发芽;可使长日照植物在短日照条件下开花,缩短生活周期;能诱导开花,增加瓜类的雄花数,诱导单性结实,提高坐果率,促进果实生长,延缓果实衰老。除此之外,GA3还可用于防止果皮腐烂;在棉花盛花期喷洒能减少蕾铃脱落;马铃薯浸种可打破休眠;大麦浸种可提高麦芽糖产量等等。赤霉素很多生理效应与它调节植物组织内的核酸和蛋白质有关,它不仅能激活种子中的多种水解酶,还能促进新酶合成。研究最多的是GA3诱导大麦粒中α-淀粉酶生成的显著作用。另外还诱导蛋白酶、β-1,3-葡萄糖苷酶、核糖核酸酶的合成。赤霉素刺激茎伸长与核酸代谢有关,它首先作用于脱氧核糖核酸(DNA),使DNA活化,然后转录成信使核糖核酸(mRNA),从mRNA翻译成特定的蛋白质。
井冈霉素化学名称:N-[(1S)-(1,4,6/5)-3-羟甲基-4,5,6-三羟基-2-环己烯基][O-B-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-1S-(1,2,4/3,5)-2,3,4-三羟基-5-羟甲基环己基胺;分子式C20H35NO13;分子量497.51。
井冈霉素是一种放线菌产生的农用抗生素,为生物杀菌剂。本品具有较强的内息作用,当水稻纹枯病菌丝接触到井冈霉素后,能很快被菌体细胞的正常发育,从而起到治疗作用。适用范围:主要用于水稻纹枯病,也可用于水稻稻曲病等病害的防治。
芸苔素内酯化学名称:2a,3a,22s,23s-四羟基-24R-乙基-β-高-7-氧杂-5a-胆甾-6-酮;分子式C28H48O6;分子量480.68。
芸苔素内酯是甾体化合物中生物活性较高的一种,他们广泛存在于植物体内。在植物生长发育各阶段中,既可促进营养生长,又能利于受精作用。人工合成的芸苔素内酯活性较高,可经由植物的叶、茎、根吸收,然后传导到起作用的部位。有益效果:1、促进细胞分裂,促进果实膨大。对细胞的分裂有明显的促进作用,对器官的横向生长和纵向生长都有促进作用,从而起到膨大果实的作用。2、延缓叶片衰老,保绿时间长,加强叶绿素合成,提高光合作用,促使叶色加深变绿。3、打破顶端优势,促进侧芽萌发,能够透导芽的分化,促进侧枝生成,增加枝数,增多花数,提高花粉受孕性,从而增加果实数量提高产量。4、改善作物品质,提高商品性。诱导单性结实,刺激子房膨大,防止落花落果,促进蛋白质合成,提高含糖量等。
苯甲·丙环唑:有效成分由苯醚甲环唑和丙环唑构成。
苯醚甲环唑化学名称:顺,反-3-氯-4-[4-甲基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二哑戊烷-2-基]苯基4-氯苯基醚(顺,反比例约为45:55);分子式C19H17Cl2N3O3;分子量406.26。
苯醚甲环唑是三唑类杀菌剂中安全性比较高的,内吸性极强,通过抑制病菌细胞麦角甾醇的生物合成,从而破坏病原菌细胞膜结构与功能,黑痘病、白腐病、斑点落叶病、白粉病、褐斑病、锈病、条锈病、赤霉病等多种真菌性病害具有很好的保护和治疗作用。
丙环唑化学名称:1-[2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-丙基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-甲基]-1氢-1,2,4-三唑;分子式;C15H17Cl2N3O2;分子量342.22。
丙环唑是一种具有治疗和保护双重作用的内吸性三唑类新型广谱性杀菌剂,具有杀菌谱广泛、活性高、杀菌速度快、持效期长、内吸传导性强等特点,已经成为世界上大吨位的三唑类新兴广谱性杀菌剂代表品种。可被根、茎、叶部吸收,并能很快地在植物株体内向上传导,防治子囊菌、担子菌和半知菌引起的病害,特别是对小麦全蚀病、白粉病、锈病、根腐病、水稻恶苗病、纹枯病、香蕉叶斑病等病害具有特效,可有效地防治大多数高等真菌引起的病害。丙环唑是属于甾醇抑制剂中的三唑类杀菌剂,其作用机理是影响甾醇的生物合成,使病原菌的细胞膜功能受到破坏,最终导致细胞死亡,从而起到杀菌、防病和治病的功效。
苯甲·丙环唑能够增强植物的抗逆能力,使水稻叶色变绿,延缓衰老,稻株生长后期青株腊秆,熟相好,特别是能调节稻穗籽粒灌浆,增加实粒数,提高结实率和千粒重,增加产量,并能改善稻米品质,提高稻米质量。
复硝酚钠:复硝酚钠由5-硝基愈创木酚钠、邻硝基苯酚钠和对硝基苯酚钠以1:2:3的比例构成。
5-硝基愈创木酚钠分子式C7H6NNaO4;分子量191.12。
5-硝基愈创木酚钠是一种细胞赋活剂,可用于调节植物生长,具有较强的渗透作用,它能迅速进入植物体内,促进植物原生质流动,加快植物生根发芽,促进生长、生殖和结果,帮助受精结实。可用于浸种、浇灌、花蕾撒布和叶面喷施。
邻硝基苯酚钠和对硝基苯酚钠分子式C6H4NNaO3;分子量161.09。
邻硝基苯酚钠和对硝基苯酚钠属于植物细胞赋活剂,能迅速渗透到植物体内,以促进细胞原生质流动,加快植物生根速度,对植物发根、生长、生殖及结果等发育阶段均有程度不同的促进作用。尤其对于花粉管的伸长的促进,帮助受精结实的作用尤为明显。可用于促进植物生长发育、提早开花、打破休眠、促进发芽、防止落花落果、改良植物产品的品质等方面。
复硝酚钠:渗入植物体内,在1-10PPM的浓度下能促进细胞质环流,使流速加快10-15%。我们知道高等植物的细胞主要由细胞壁、细胞质、细胞核三个部分组成。活着的细胞里面的细胞质总是在不停的流动,形成细胞质环流。细胞质环流是细胞间进行物质交换和运输的主要途径,它可将各种酶、营养素运输到每个细胞或细胞内指定的部位,以满足植物生长的需要。复硝酚钠正是通过对细胞质环流的促进作用,提高细胞活性,增强作物的各种生理代谢机能,从而达到提高产量和改善品质的目的。
多菌灵化学名称:N-(2-苯骈咪唑基)氨基甲酸甲酯;分子式C9H9N3O2;分子量191.19。
多菌灵是一种广谱性杀菌剂,对多种作物由真菌(如半知菌、多子囊菌)引起的病害有防治效果。可用于叶面喷雾、种子处理和土壤处理等。干扰病原菌有丝分裂中纺锤体的形成,影响细胞分裂,起到杀菌作用。
本发明的优点:使用本发明提供的一种直播水稻的栽培方法可以在不改变水稻品种的情况下,直播模式下缩短水稻生育期10-15天。并且可以减少化肥使用量15%,减少农药10%,水稻增产10%,减少劳动力成本5%,并且熟相好,减少纹枯病、稻曲病的发生,对抗穗颈瘟、抗倒伏也有明显的加强。
具体实施方式
实施例一:
一种直播水稻的栽培方法,依次包括以下步骤:
(1)将稻田处理平整并施加底肥和增效剂后播种灌水,底肥和增效剂的每亩稻田施加量为50kg、6kg;
(2)灌水后18-22天,将含氮量46%的尿素粉末按每亩稻田10kg的施加量施于稻田中;
(3)灌水后28-32天,在稻田中施用第一添加物,第一添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第一添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(4)灌水后48-52天,在稻田中施用第三添加物,第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(5)灌水后73-77天,在稻田中依次施用第二添加物和第三添加物;第二添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第二添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(6)步骤(5)完成7天后,再在稻田中施用第二添加物,第二添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第二添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(7)灌水后83-87天,在稻田中施用第三添加物,第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(8)灌水后93-97天,在稻田中再施用第三添加物,第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
所述的底肥为复合肥,其中:氮元素质量百分比含量为22%,磷元素质量百分比含量为8%,钾元素质量百分比含量为12%;
增效剂由以下各质量份的组分组成:氮磷钾复合肥20份、磷酸二铵15份、脲酶-硝化抑制剂0.2份和控失剂4份;
所述氮磷钾复合肥中,氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的质量比为1:1:1;
所述脲酶-硝化抑制剂由N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺和双氢胺组成,其中,所述N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺和双氢胺的重量比为1:1;
所述控失剂由等离子体改性凹凸棒土和硅藻土组成,其中,所述等离子体改性凹凸棒土和硅藻土的重量比为1:2;所述等离子体改性凹凸棒土按照如下方法制备而得:将凹凸棒土在氧气等离子体中辐照,辐照功率为1000W,辐照剂量为40kGy,辐照时间为10分钟,辐照样品重量为0.7千克,所述凹凸棒土纯度为70%,目数为200目;
所述的一份第一添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度90%的赤霉素溶液18ml和质量百分比浓度10%的井冈霉素溶液48ml;
所述的一份第二添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度0.01%的芸苔素内酯溶液4ml、质量百分比浓度30%的苯甲·丙环唑溶液10.5ml、水15.5ml;
所述的一份第三添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度1.8%的复硝酚钠溶液22ml、质量百分比浓度50%的多菌灵溶液98ml、水374ml。
实施例二:
一种直播水稻的栽培方法,依次包括以下步骤:
(1)将稻田处理平整并施加底肥和增效剂后播种灌水,底肥和增效剂的每亩稻田施加量为50kg、6kg;
(2)灌水后18-22天,将含氮量46%的尿素粉末按每亩稻田10kg的施加量施于稻田中;
(3)灌水后28-32天,在稻田中施用第一添加物,第一添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第一添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(4)灌水后48-52天,在稻田中施用第三添加物,第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(5)灌水后73-77天,在稻田中依次施用第二添加物和第三添加物;第二添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第二添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(6)步骤(5)完成7天后,再在稻田中施用第二添加物,第二添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第二添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(7)灌水后83-87天,在稻田中施用第三添加物,第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(8)灌水后93-97天,在稻田中再施用第三添加物,第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
所述的底肥为复合肥,其中:氮元素质量百分比含量为22%,磷元素质量百分比含量为8%,钾元素质量百分比含量为12%;
增效剂由以下各质量份的组分组成:氮磷钾复合肥20份、磷酸二铵15份、脲酶-硝化抑制剂0.2份和控失剂4份;
所述氮磷钾复合肥中,氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的质量比为1:1:1;
所述脲酶-硝化抑制剂由N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺和双氢胺组成,其中,所述N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺和双氢胺的重量比为1:1;
所述控失剂由等离子体改性凹凸棒土和硅藻土组成,其中,所述等离子体改性凹凸棒土和硅藻土的重量比为1:2;所述等离子体改性凹凸棒土按照如下方法制备而得:将凹凸棒土在氧气等离子体中辐照,辐照功率为1000W,辐照剂量为40kGy,辐照时间为10分钟,辐照样品重量为0.7千克,所述凹凸棒土纯度为70%,目数为200目;
所述的一份第一添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度90%的赤霉素溶液20ml和质量百分比浓度10%的井冈霉素溶液50ml;
所述的一份第二添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度0.01%的芸苔素内酯溶液5ml、质量百分比浓度30%的苯甲·丙环唑溶液12.5ml、水17.5ml;
所述的一份第三添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度1.8%的复硝酚钠溶液24ml、质量百分比浓度50%的多菌灵溶液100ml、水376ml。
实施例三:
一种直播水稻的栽培方法,依次包括以下步骤:
(1)将稻田处理平整并施加底肥和增效剂后播种灌水,底肥和增效剂的每亩稻田施加量为50kg、6kg;
(2)灌水后18-22天,将含氮量46%的尿素粉末按每亩稻田10kg的施加量施于稻田中;
(3)灌水后28-32天,在稻田中施用第一添加物,第一添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第一添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(4)灌水后48-52天,在稻田中施用第三添加物,第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(5)灌水后73-77天,在稻田中依次施用第二添加物和第三添加物;第二添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第二添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(6)步骤(5)完成7天后,再在稻田中施用第二添加物,第二添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第二添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(7)灌水后83-87天,在稻田中施用第三添加物,第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(8)灌水后93-97天,在稻田中再施用第三添加物,第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
所述的底肥为复合肥,其中:氮元素质量百分比含量为22%,磷元素质量百分比含量为8%,钾元素质量百分比含量为12%;
增效剂由以下各质量份的组分组成:氮磷钾复合肥20份、磷酸二铵15份、脲酶-硝化抑制剂0.2份和控失剂4份;
所述氮磷钾复合肥中,氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的质量比为1:1:1;
所述脲酶-硝化抑制剂由N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺和双氢胺组成,其中,所述N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺和双氢胺的重量比为1:1;
所述控失剂由等离子体改性凹凸棒土和硅藻土组成,其中,所述等离子体改性凹凸棒土和硅藻土的重量比为1:2;所述等离子体改性凹凸棒土按照如下方法制备而得:将凹凸棒土在氧气等离子体中辐照,辐照功率为1000W,辐照剂量为40kGy,辐照时间为10分钟,辐照样品重量为0.7千克,所述凹凸棒土纯度为70%,目数为200目;
所述的一份第一添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度90%的赤霉素溶液22ml和质量百分比浓度10%的井冈霉素溶液52ml;
所述的一份第二添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度0.01%的芸苔素内酯溶液6ml、质量百分比浓度30%的苯甲·丙环唑溶液14.5ml、水19.5ml;
所述的一份第三添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度1.8%的复硝酚钠溶液26ml、质量百分比浓度50%的多菌灵溶液102ml、水378ml。
以下通过具体实验,对本发明进一步说明。
1、实验前准备:
现有两组实验田,每组试验田面积为10亩,两组试验田相邻设置拥有相同的光照和降水条件,两块田初始状态相同。两组试验田均采用直播方式,使用相同种子进行实验。另,直播前种子预处理和土地预处理也相同。
2、实验过程:
分组:将两块实验田分为实验组和对照组,其中对照组按照现有方式直播水稻,实验组采用本发明直播水稻的栽培方法,并按照以下步骤完成栽培:
(1)将稻田处理平整并施加底肥和增效剂后播种灌水,底肥和增效剂的每亩稻田施加量为50kg、6kg;
(2)灌水后18-22天,将含氮量46%的尿素粉末按每亩稻田10kg的施加量施于稻田中;
(3)灌水后28-32天,在稻田中施用第一添加物,第一添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第一添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(4)灌水后48-52天,在稻田中施用第三添加物,第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(5)灌水后73-77天,在稻田中依次施用第二添加物和第三添加物;第二添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第二添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(6)步骤(5)完成7天后,再在稻田中施用第二添加物,第二添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第二添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(7)灌水后83-87天,在稻田中施用第三添加物,第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(8)灌水后93-97天,在稻田中再施用第三添加物,第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
所述的一份第一添加物中含有20ml东立信生物工程有限公司产质量百分比为90%的赤霉素溶液,浙江省桐庐汇丰生物化工有限公司产50ml质量百分比为10%的井冈霉素溶液;
所述的一份第二添加物中含有上海威敌生化(南昌)有限公司产质量百分比为0.01%的芸苔素内酯溶液5ml,先正达(苏州)投资有限公司产质量百分比为30%的苯甲·丙环唑溶液12.5ml,水17.5ml;
所述的一份第三添加物中含有旭化学工业(漳州)有限公司产质量百分比为1.8%的复硝酚钠溶液24ml,江苏龙灯化学有限公司产质量百分比50%的多菌灵溶液100ml,水376ml。
3、实验记录:
3.1、记录播种期、出苗期、始穗期、齐穗期、成熟期时间。
3.2、记录水稻生育期总天数。
3.3、随机取样:采用随机抽样的方法,在每块试验田中取5处等面积区域作为样本区,每处样本区面积为1平方米。
3.4、记录样本区基本苗数、最高苗数、有效穗数、平均穗长、总粒数、实粒数、样品产量。
3.5、计算每亩基本苗数、每亩最高苗数、每亩有效穗数、平均穗长、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重、亩产量。
4、实验数据
4.1、生育期比较表:表一
表一
组别 | 实验组 | 对照组 |
播种日期 | 6月15日 | 6月15日 |
出苗日期 | 6月21日 | 6月21日 |
始穗日期 | 9月3日 | 9月6日 |
齐穗日期 | 9月5日 | 9月9日 |
成熟期 | 11月1日 | 11月14日 |
全生育时长(天) | 136 | 149 |
4.2、产量比较表:表二
表二
组别 | 实验组 | 对照组 |
基本苗(万支/亩) | 12.6 | 12.5 |
最高苗(万支/亩) | 27.1 | 33.1 |
有效穗(万支/亩) | 23.1 | 22.2 |
穗长(厘米) | 15.9 | 14.9 |
每穗总粒数(粒) | 122.5 | 122.6 |
每穗实粒数(粒) | 109.7 | 87.8 |
结实率(%) | 89.6 | 71.6 |
千粒重(克) | 29.5 | 27.4 |
样本区平均产量(公斤) | 0.948 | 0.861 |
亩产量(公斤) | 632 | 574 |
5、数据分析
由表一:经本发明所提供的栽培方法处理后的实验组直播水稻生育期为136天,未经处理的对照组直播水稻生育期为149天。使用本发明所提供的栽培方法处理水稻生育期缩短13天。
由表二:经本发明所提供的栽培方法处理后的实验组直播水稻亩产量为632公斤,未经处理的对照组直播水稻亩产量为574公斤。实验组相比对照组,每亩增产10.1%,千粒重增加2.1克,结实率提高18%,每穗实粒数增加21.9粒,每亩有效穗增加0.9万支。
通过以上对比可以看出,本发明所提供的直播水稻栽培方法,可以缩短传统直播水稻的生育期,而且还能有效抗病和增加亩产。
Claims (4)
1.一种直播水稻的栽培方法,依次包括以下步骤:
(1)将稻田处理平整并施加底肥和增效剂后播种灌水,底肥和增效剂的每亩稻田施加量为50kg、6kg;
(2)灌水后18-22天,将含氮量46%的尿素粉末按每亩稻田10kg的施加量施于稻田中;
(3)灌水后28-32天,在稻田中施用第一添加物,第一添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第一添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(4)灌水后48-52天,在稻田中施用第三添加物,第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(5)灌水后73-77天,在稻田中依次施用第二添加物和第三添加物;第二添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第二添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(6)步骤(5)完成7天后,再在稻田中施用第二添加物,第二添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第二添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(7)灌水后83-87天,在稻田中施用第三添加物,第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
(8)灌水后93-97天,在稻田中再施用第三添加物,第三添加物的每亩稻田施用方法为:取一份第三添加物并加20-30L水稀释后,采用叶面喷施施于稻田中;
所述的底肥为复合肥,其中:氮元素质量百分比含量为22%,磷元素质量百分比含量为8%,钾元素质量百分比含量为12%;
增效剂由以下各质量份的组分组成:氮磷钾复合肥20-40份、磷酸二铵15-30份、脲酶-硝化抑制剂0.2-0.6份和控失剂4-6份;
所述氮磷钾复合肥中,氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的质量比为(12-16):(12-16):(12-16);
所述脲酶-硝化抑制剂由N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺和双氢胺组成,其中,所述N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺和双氢胺的重量比为(1-2):(1-3);
所述控失剂由等离子体改性凹凸棒土和硅藻土组成,其中,所述等离子体改性凹凸棒土和硅藻土的重量比为(1-2):(2-3);所述等离子体改性凹凸棒土按照如下方法制备而得:将凹凸棒土在氧气等离子体中辐照,辐照功率为800-1200W,辐照剂量为30-50kGy,辐照时间为5-10分钟,辐照样品重量为0.5-1千克,所述凹凸棒土纯度为60-70%,目数为200-300目;
所述的一份第一添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度90%的赤霉素溶液18-22ml和质量百分比浓度10%的井冈霉素溶液48-52ml;
所述的一份第二添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度0.01%的芸苔素内酯溶液4-6ml、质量百分比浓度30%的苯甲·丙环唑溶液10.5-14.5ml、水15.5-19.5ml;
所述的一份第三添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度1.8%的复硝酚钠溶液22-26ml、质量百分比浓度50%的多菌灵溶液98-102ml、水374-378ml。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种直播水稻的栽培方法,其特征在于:所述的一份第一添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度90%的赤霉素溶液20ml和质量百分比浓度10%的井冈霉素溶液50ml。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种直播水稻的栽培方法,其特征在于:所述的一份第二添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度0.01%的芸苔素内酯溶液5ml、质量百分比浓度30%的苯甲·丙环唑溶液12.5ml、水17.5ml。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种直播水稻的栽培方法,其特征在于:所述的一份第三添加物中含有:质量百分比浓度1.8%的复硝酚钠溶液24ml、质量百分比浓度50%的多菌灵溶液100ml、水376ml。
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