CN106064843A - 一种耐污油水分离装置 - Google Patents
一种耐污油水分离装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106064843A CN106064843A CN201610540923.5A CN201610540923A CN106064843A CN 106064843 A CN106064843 A CN 106064843A CN 201610540923 A CN201610540923 A CN 201610540923A CN 106064843 A CN106064843 A CN 106064843A
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- water
- oil
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- 229920004933 Terylene® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetate Chemical compound 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CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile Chemical compound 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C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004759 spandex Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐污油水分离装置，包括罐体，所述罐体顶部设有轻油排油口和用于连接压缩空气的反洗进气口，罐体底部设有重油排油口和排污口，还包括进水分水器、位于出水分分水器下方的出水分水器、柱状油水分离滤芯及出水导流机构，所述进水分水器与出水分分水器均固定于罐体内，所述罐体侧壁设有进水口和出水口，所述进水口与进水分水器相连，所述出水口与出水分水器相连，所述柱状油水分离滤芯固定于进水分水器上并与其相连通，所述出水导流机构固定于出水分水器底部并与其相连通。本发明占地面积小，安全可靠，操作简单，运行能耗低，适用范围广，抗污堵性能好，易清洁，使用寿命长，油水分离效果好，分离效率高。
Description
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及油水分离技术领域，尤其是涉及一种用于煤制油费托合成水、煤气化污水、兰炭污水、油页岩污水、油田含油污水、机加工含油污水等含油污水的耐污油水分离
目.0
背景技术
[0002]含油污水是一种常见的工业废水，随着国民经济的迅速发展，石油开采、石油加工、机械加工等诸多行业产生的含油废水量也越来越多。而含油废水对环境造成的危害也越来越大，含油污水的危害主要表现在以下几个方面:①影响饮用水资源和地下水资源，危害水产资源;②危害人体健康;③污染大气;④影响农作物生产;⑤破坏自然景观，甚至还有可能因为聚结的油品燃烧而产生安全问题。
[0003]油水分离是含油污水后续水处理工艺的龙头，油水分离特别是乳化油的去除和分离，是重点和难点之一，油水分离效果将直接影响整个水处理系统的运行结果。乳化油是粒度为0.1〜ΙΟμπι的极细油滴，由于油-水界面有表面活性剂的存在，通常以水包油的形式稳定地分散在水中，分离难度较大，传统对含油污水的除油技术对乳化油的去除效果不尽理想，还需常辅以电解、絮凝等先行破乳过程，其能耗和物耗较大。
[0004]另外，现有的另一种油水分离工艺为膜(有机膜)法处理，但在这操作过程中需要维持有机膜的高渗透通量，同时有机膜的抗污堵性能差，极易污染，不仅操作不便，且分离效率低，不宜进行实际大规模推广应用。
发明内容
[0005]本发明是为了解决现有技术的油水分离技术所存在的上述技术问题，提供了一种占地面积小，安全可靠，操作简单，运行能耗低，适用范围广，抗污堵性能好，易清洁，使用寿命长，油水分离效果好，分离效率高的耐污油水分离装置。
[0006]为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案:
[0007]本发明的一种耐污油水分离装置，包括罐体，所述罐体顶部设有轻油排油口和用于连接压缩空气的反洗进气口，罐体底部设有重油排油口和排污口，还包括进水分水器、位于进水分水器下方的出水分水器、柱状油水分离滤芯及出水导流机构，所述进水分水器与出水分水器均固定于罐体内，所述罐体侧壁设有进水口和出水口，所述进水口与进水分水器相连，所述出水口与出水分水器相连，所述柱状油水分离滤芯固定于进水分水器上并与其相连通，所述出水导流机构固定于出水分水器底部并与其相连通。本发明利用纯物理分离可将含油污水中的油，特别是乳化油去除、回收，含油污水从进水口进入进水分水器，进水分水器将含油污水引入柱状水分离滤芯内，水体中乳化油与柱状水分离滤芯上的纤维膜接触后，在纤维膜材料微观和表面特性作用下，乳化油逐步破乳，形成微小油滴，在微小油滴穿透纤维膜时，逐步聚集成更大油滴，当大油滴脱离纤维膜后，在重力作用下上浮或下沉分离，从而实现油水分离，顶部的轻油上浮至罐体顶部聚集后经罐体顶部的轻油排油口排出收集，而密度重于轻油的水及重油则在重力作用下沉降分离，由于重油密度大于水，聚集在罐体最底部后经罐体底部的重油排油口排出收集即可，但由于重油和水的沉降分离距离有限，重油和水的分离速度较慢，水中会含有部分重油，影响分离效果，因此本发明在罐体内设置了出水导流机构，出水导流机构可延长两者接触、分离时间，强化在重油和水之间的剪切和摩擦作用，促进液滴聚并，使其粒径变大，加速油水分离，并有利于提高分离效果，同时出水导流机构可使分离的水向上进入出水分水器排出，与重油沉降方向相反，从而减少重油带入量，与重油沉降方向实现逆向分离，可有效避免重油进入出水分水器，提高分离效率和效果，又能使水单独引入出水分水器中排出，不会影响罐体内物料，避免水在排出时因搅动而影响油水分离效果的问题。通过本发明分离后收集的轻油和重油含水量很低，可以作为成品销售或再加工，在达到环保目的的同时又可产生经济效益，而中部的水则进入出水分水器经出水口排出后再进行后续处理，采用压缩空气通过反洗进气口即可对柱状水分离滤芯进行反洗，从而保证运行长周期性和耐污堵性。本发明占地面积小，安全可靠，操作简单，运行能耗低，适用范围广，抗污堵性能好，易清洁，使用寿命长，油水分离效果好，分离效率高，能有效去除并回收乳化油，在达到环保目的的同时又可产生显著的经济效益。
[0008]作为优选，所述进水分水器包括进水总管及进水支管，所述进水总管与进水口相连，所述进水支管对称固定于进水总管两侧与进水总管相连通，进水支管与罐体内壁之间通过焊接筋固定连接，所述进水支管上设有螺纹接头，所述柱状油水分离滤芯通过螺纹接头固定于进水支管上并与其连通。柱状油水分离滤芯通过螺纹接头固定于进水支管上并与其连通，拆装及维护较为方便。
[0009]作为优选，所述柱状油水分离滤芯包括两端开口的带孔硬管及纤维膜，所述带孔硬管的上、下两端分别固定有上端盖及下端盖，所述纤维膜沿带孔硬管卷绕并固定于带孔硬管外侧面，所述下端盖通过螺纹接头与进水支管螺纹连接。
[0010]作为优选，所述上端盖、下端盖采用浇注胶经浇注一体成型，与带孔硬管形成一体结构。上端盖、下端盖采用浇注胶经浇注一体成型，与带孔硬管形成一体结构，连接强度与结构密封性好。
[0011]作为优选，所述纤维膜通过绑带固定于带孔硬管外侧面。
[0012]作为优选，所述纤维膜由涤纶、氨纶、醋酸纤维或腈纶制成。
[0013]作为优选，所述带孔硬管为PVC管或不锈钢管。
[0014]作为优选，所述出水分水器包括出水总管及出水支管，所述出水总管与出水口相连，所述出水支管对称固定于出水总管两侧与出水总管相连通，出水支管与罐体内壁之间通过焊接筋固定连接。
[0015]作为优选，所述出水导流机构包括连接管及出水导流筒，所述出水导流筒通过固定于出水支管底部的连接管与出水支管固定并相连通。出水导流筒可使重油和水在罐体内的沉降通道宽度变小，延长两者接触、分离时间，有利于提高分离效果，又能使分离的水向上地进入出水分水器，与重油沉降方向相反，从而减少重油带入量，同时又能使水单独从出水导流筒引入出水分水器中排出，不会影响罐体内物料，避免水在排出时因搅动而影响油水分离效果的问题。
[0016]作为优选，所述出水导流筒为圆台筒状结构，出水导流筒的小口端通过连接管与出水支管固定并相连通。出水导流筒为圆台筒状结构，重油和水在罐体内的沉降通道上大下小，分离效果更好。
[0017]因此，本发明具有如下有益效果:
[0018] (I)本发明占地面积小，安全可靠，操作简单，运行能耗低，适用范围广，抗污堵性能好，易清洁，使用寿命长，油水分离效果好，分离效率高，能有效去除并回收乳化油，在达到环保目的的同时又可产生显著的经济效益。
[0019] (2)罐体内设有出水导流机构，出水导流机构可延长重油和水之间的接触、分离时间，强化在重油和水之间的剪切和摩擦作用，促进液滴聚并，使其粒径变大，加速油水分离，并有利于提高分离效果，
[0020] (3)出水导流机构可使分离的水向进入出水分水器排出，与重油沉降方向相反，从而减少重油带入量，提高分离效率和效果，又能使水单独引入出水分水器中排出，不会影响重油和水的分离，避免水在排出时因搅动而影响油水分离效果的问题。
附图说明
[0021]图1是本发明的一种结构示意图。
[0022]图2是本发明中进水分水器的一种结构示意图。
[0023]图3是本发明中柱状油水分离滤芯的一种结构示意图。
[0024]图4是本发明中出水分水器的一种结构示意图。
[0025]图中:罐体I，轻油排油口 2，反洗进气口 3，重油排油口 4，排污口 5，进水分水器6，出水分水器7，柱状油水分离滤芯8，进水口 9，出水口 10，进水总管11，进水支管12，焊接筋13，螺纹接头14，带孔硬管15，纤维膜16，上端盖17，下端盖18，绑带19，出水总管20，出水支管21，连接管22，出水导流筒23。
具体实施方式
[0026]下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的描述。
[0027]如图1所示的一种耐污油水分离装置，包括罐体1、进水分水器6、位于出水分水器下方的出水分水器7、柱状油水分离滤芯8及出水导流机构，罐体顶部设有轻油排油口 2和用于连接压缩空气的反洗进气口 3，罐体底部设有重油排油口 4和排污口 5，进水分水器与出水分水器均固定于罐体内，罐体侧壁设有进水口 9和出水口 10，进水分水器包括进水总管11及进水支管12(见图2)，进水总管与进水口相连，进水支管对称固定于进水总管两侧与进水总管相连通，进水支管与罐体内壁之间通过焊接筋固定连接，进水支管上设有螺纹接头14，柱状油水分离滤芯(见图3)包括两端开口并为不锈钢管的带孔硬管15及由氨纶制成的纤维膜16(纤维膜还可由涤纶、醋酸纤维或腈纶制成)，带孔硬管的上、下两端分别固定有上端盖17及下端盖18，上端盖、下端盖采用浇注胶经浇注一体成型，与带孔硬管形成一体结构，纤维膜沿带孔硬管卷绕并通过绑带19固定于带孔硬管外侧面，下端盖通过螺纹接头与进水支管固定并相连通，出水分水器(见图4)包括出水总管20及出水支管21，出水总管与出水口相连，出水支管对称固定于出水总管两侧与出水总管相连通，出水支管与罐体内壁之间通过焊接筋固定连接，出水导流机构包括连接管22及为圆台筒状结构的出水导流筒23，出水导流筒的小口端通过连接管与出水支管固定并相连通。
[0028] 本发明的运行过程为:含油污水从进水口进入进水分水器，进水分水器通过进水支管将含油污水引入柱状水分离滤芯内，水体中的乳化油与柱状水分离滤芯上的纤维膜接触后，在纤维膜材料微观和表面特性作用下，乳化油逐步破乳，形成微小油滴，在微小油滴穿透纤维膜时，逐步聚集成更大油滴，当大油滴脱离纤维膜后，在重力作用下上浮或下沉分离，从而实现油水分离，轻油富集于顶部，重油富集于底部，水则富集在中部，顶部的轻油经罐体顶部的轻油排油口排出收集，底部的重油则经罐体底部的重油排油口排出收集，收集的轻油和重油含水量很低，可以作为成品销售或再加工，在达到环保目的的同时又可产生经济效益，而中部的水则通过出水导流机构(即出水导流筒)单独进入出水分水器经出水口排出进行后再进行后续处理，采用压缩空气通过反洗进气口即可对柱状水分离滤芯进行反洗，从而保证运行长周期性和耐污堵性。
[0029]本发明占地面积小，安全可靠，操作简单，运行能耗低，适用范围广，抗污堵性能好，易清洁，使用寿命长，油水分离效果好，分离效率高，能有效去除并回收乳化油，在达到环保目的的同时又可产生显著的经济效益，可进行工业化应用及自动化生产。
[0030]以上所述的实施例只是本发明的一种较佳的方案，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。
Claims (10)
1.一种耐污油水分离装置，包括罐体(I)，所述罐体顶部设有轻油排油口(2)和用于连接压缩空气的反洗进气口(3)，罐体底部设有重油排油口(4)和排污口(5)，其特征在于，还包括进水分水器(6)、位于进水分水器下方的出水分水器(7)、柱状油水分离滤芯(8)及出水导流机构，所述进水分水器与出水分水器均固定于罐体内，所述罐体侧壁设有进水口(9)和出水口(10)，所述进水口与进水分水器相连，所述出水口与出水分水器相连，所述柱状油水分离滤芯固定于进水分水器上并与其相连通，所述出水导流机构固定于出水分水器底部并与其相连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐污油水分离装置，其特征在于，所述进水分水器包括进水总管(11)及进水支管(12)，所述进水总管与进水口相连，所述进水支管对称固定于进水总管两侧与进水总管相连通，进水支管与罐体内壁之间通过焊接筋(13)固定连接，所述进水支管上设有螺纹接头(14)，所述柱状油水分离滤芯通过螺纹接头固定于进水支管上并与其连通。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种耐污油水分离装置，其特征在于，所述柱状油水分离滤芯包括两端开口的带孔硬管(15)及纤维膜(16)，所述带孔硬管的上、下两端分别固定有上端盖(17)及下端盖(18)，所述纤维膜沿带孔硬管卷绕并固定于带孔硬管外侧面，所述下端盖通过螺纹接头与进水支管螺纹连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种耐污油水分离装置，其特征在于，所述上端盖、下端盖采用浇注胶经浇注一体成型，与带孔硬管形成一体结构。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种耐污油水分离装置，其特征在于，所述纤维膜通过绑带(19)固定于带孔硬管外侧面。
6.根据权利要求2或3所述的一种耐污油水分离装置，其特征在于，所述纤维膜由涤纶、氨纶、醋酸纤维或腈纶制成。
7.根据权利要求2或3所述的一种耐污油水分离装置，其特征在于，所述带孔硬管为PVC管或不锈钢管。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐污油水分离装置，其特征在于，所述出水分水器包括出水总管(20)及出水支管(21)，所述出水总管与出水口相连，所述出水支管对称固定于出水总管两侧与出水总管相连通，出水支管与罐体内壁之间通过焊接筋固定连接。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种耐污油水分离装置，其特征在于，所述出水导流机构包括连接管(22)及出水导流筒(23)，所述出水导流筒通过固定于出水支管底部的连接管与出水支管固定并相连通。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种耐污油水分离装置，其特征在于，所述出水导流筒为圆台筒状结构，出水导流筒的小口端通过连接管与出水支管固定并相连通。
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