CN106062449B - 单向阀非织造材料 - Google Patents

单向阀非织造材料 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN106062449B
CN106062449B CN201480068630.0A CN201480068630A CN106062449B CN 106062449 B CN106062449 B CN 106062449B CN 201480068630 A CN201480068630 A CN 201480068630A CN 106062449 B CN106062449 B CN 106062449B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
super
hydraulic pressure
fluid
header value
pressure header
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201480068630.0A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN106062449A (zh
Inventor
秦建
D·E·沃尔德鲁普
C·M·麦加里迪斯
J·E·梅茨
T·M·舒茨尤斯
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Illinois
Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Original Assignee
University of Illinois
Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of Illinois, Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc filed Critical University of Illinois
Publication of CN106062449A publication Critical patent/CN106062449A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN106062449B publication Critical patent/CN106062449B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
    • A61F13/511Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
    • A61F13/513Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its function or properties, e.g. stretchability, breathability, rewet, visual effect; having areas of different permeability
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
    • A61F13/511Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
    • A61F13/51121Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by the material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/18Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing inorganic materials
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/22Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/22Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L15/26Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/52Water-repellants
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/002Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022Non-woven fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/06Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/32Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/36Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/44Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic Table; Zincates; Cadmates
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/32Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/36Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/46Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table; Titanates; Zirconates; Stannates; Plumbates
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/73Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof
    • D06M11/74Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof with carbon or graphite; with carbides; with graphitic acids or their salts
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/77Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
    • D06M11/79Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof with silicon dioxide, silicic acids or their salts
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/244Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • D06M15/256Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/263Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/263Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
    • D06M15/277Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof containing fluorine
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M23/00Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
    • D06M23/08Processes in which the treating agent is applied in powder or granular form
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M23/00Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
    • D06M23/16Processes for the non-uniform application of treating agents, e.g. one-sided treatment; Differential treatment
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/16Sizing or water-repelling agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
    • A61F2013/51002Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers with special fibres
    • A61F2013/51019Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers with special fibres being cellulosic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
    • A61F2013/51002Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers with special fibres
    • A61F2013/51023Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers with special fibres being polymeric fibres
    • A61F2013/51026Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers with special fibres being polymeric fibres being in thermoplastic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
    • A61F2013/51002Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers with special fibres
    • A61F2013/51023Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers with special fibres being polymeric fibres
    • A61F2013/5103Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers with special fibres being polymeric fibres being hydrophobic
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
    • A61F13/511Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
    • A61F13/513Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its function or properties, e.g. stretchability, breathability, rewet, visual effect; having areas of different permeability
    • A61F2013/51355Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its function or properties, e.g. stretchability, breathability, rewet, visual effect; having areas of different permeability for improving fluid flow
    • A61F2013/51372Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its function or properties, e.g. stretchability, breathability, rewet, visual effect; having areas of different permeability for improving fluid flow with valve or valve-like upper layer; Tapered capillary structures
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2400/00Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L2400/12Nanosized materials, e.g. nanofibres, nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes; Nanostructured surfaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/02Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/26Polymeric coating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/101Glass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/102Oxide or hydroxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/104Oxysalt, e.g. carbonate, sulfate, phosphate or nitrate particles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/12Mixture of at least two particles made of different materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/716Degradable
    • B32B2307/7166Water-soluble, water-dispersible
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/726Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/726Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B32B2307/7265Non-permeable
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2555/00Personal care
    • B32B2555/02Diapers or napkins
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2200/00Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • D06M2200/10Repellency against liquids
    • D06M2200/12Hydrophobic properties
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M23/00Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
    • D06M23/02Processes in which the treating agent is releasably affixed or incorporated into a dispensing means

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有单向阀性质的材料包括:非织造基底,所述非织造基底具有第一表面和第二表面,所述第一表面具有第一表面水压头值,所述第二表面具有第二水压头值;和超疏水性制剂,所述超疏水性制剂设置在所述第一表面上,其中所述第一表面水压头值小于约1cm,并且其中所述第二表面水压头值至少大于第一表面水压头值4cm。另外,一种个人护理制品包括在非织造流体可渗透顶片内的这种非织造基底,所述顶片具有面向身体的表面和相对的背侧表面,所述制品还包括流体可渗透底片和至少一个设置在所述顶片与所述底片之间的中间层。

Description

单向阀非织造材料
优先权信息
本申请要求在2013年10月31日提交的标题为“One-Way Valve NonwovenMaterial”(“单向阀非织造材料”)的美国临时专利申请序列号61/898126的优先权,以及在2013年11月25日提交的标题为“One-Way Valve Nonwoven Material”(“单向阀非织造材料”)的美国临时专利申请序列号61/908506的优先权,它们的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
背景技术
本公开涉及用于个人护理产品特别是一次性吸收制品的非织造材料,该材料有助于保持制品的表面看起来且感觉干净。
存在许多收集体液的一次性个人护理制品;然而,它们在液体吸收能力被完全利用之前从表面渗漏的趋势是许多制造商面临的持续性挑战。另外,某些流体,诸如月经和稀便(粪便),具有使获得良好的吸入和分布性能尤其成问题的粘弹性。特别是,这样的流体的相对高的粘度和/或弹性往往会妨碍流体在吸收制品内的吸收和分布。在其他情况下,当月经组分阻塞了吸收制品中所含的颗粒或纤维之间的通道时,会妨碍吸收制品的吸入性能。这种现象通常被称为积垢。虽然已经尝试通过改变流体本身的粘弹性而改善积垢效应,但是仍需要开发对吸收制品的实际改进。
除了一些一次性个人护理制品中渗漏的问题,也存在直接影响到使用者的卫生问题。通常体液与使用者直接接触,这产生不愉快和不洁净的感觉。特别是对于女性卫生产品,诸如卫生巾,通常会由身体侧衬里污物所引起的不愉快或不洁净的感觉可导致对产品性能的感知较差并且无法获得对产品最大限度的利用。
发明内容
因此,在本领域中对于可与个人护理产品(诸如吸收制品)结合使用的处理是需要的,该处理提供改善的吸入和分布性能、减少的渗漏、减少的污物、减少的表面再浸湿或回流,从而实现总体上更清洁、更干燥和更令人愉悦的感觉和使用者体验。
本公开提供一种具有单向阀性质的材料,该材料包括:非织造基底,该非织造基底具有第一表面和第二表面,该第一表面具有第一表面水压头值,该第二表面具有第二水压头值;和超疏水性制剂,该超疏水性制剂设置在该第一表面上,其中第一表面水压头值小于约1cm,并且其中第二表面水压头值至少大于第一表面水压头值4cm。
本公开还提供一种具有单向阀性质的材料,该材料包括:非织造基底,该非织造基底具有第一表面和第二表面,该第一表面具有第一表面水压头值,该第二表面具有第二水压头值;和超疏水性制剂,该超疏水性制剂以小于约2
gsm的添加水平设置在该第一表面上,其中第二表面水压头值至少大于第一表面水压头值4cm。
本公开还提供一种个人护理制品,该个人护理制品包括:非织造流体可渗透顶片,该顶片具有面向身体的表面和相对的背侧表面;流体不可渗透底片;和至少一个设置在其间的中间层,其中流体可渗透顶片包括:非织造基底,该非织造基底具有第一表面和第二表面,该第一表面具有第一表面水压头值,该第二表面具有第二水压头值;和超疏水性制剂,该超疏水性制剂设置在该第一表面上,其中第一表面水压头值小于约1cm,并且其中第二表面水压头值至少大于第一表面水压头值4cm。
附图说明
通过参考以下说明、所附权利要求书和附图,本公开的前述及其他特征和方面以及实现它们的方式将变得更显而易见,并且本公开本身将得到更好的理解,其中:
图1示出了不可润湿的多孔基底,由于其小的孔尺寸d和高疏水性(高接触角,θ)而抗水的渗透;
图2A示意性地示出了本公开的单向阀的工作机理,其涂层向下;
图2B示意性地示出了本公开的单向阀的工作机理,其涂层向上;
图3示出了如本文所述处理过的标准纸巾的横截面扫描电镜(SEM)图像,其中与在右边插图中显示的未涂布亲水性纤维的表面形态相比,左边插图显示了疏水涂布纤维的表面形态;
图4A示出了这样的现象:以涂层侧向上被引向压力的单侧涂布的基底HDPT的流体通过比涂层侧向下的流体通过更容易,从而产生阀窗口;
图4B示出了这样的现象:以涂层侧向上被引向压力的单侧涂布的基底SPT的流体通过比涂层侧向下的流体通过更容易,从而产生阀窗口;以及
图5示出了被引向油-水混合物或乳液的单侧涂布的基底的油水-分离现象。
在本说明书和附图中反复使用参考字符旨在表示本公开相同或类似的特征或元件。附图是表示性的,且未必按比例绘制。图中的某些比例可能被放大了,而其他部分则可能被最大程度缩小了。
具体实施方式
虽然本说明书以特别指出且清楚地要求保护本公开的权利要求书结束,但是据信,通过以下说明将更好地理解本公开。
除非另外指明,否则所有的百分比、份数和比率都是基于本公开组合物的总重量。除非另外指明,否则所有这些关于所列成分的重量均基于活性物质水平,并因此不包括可以包含在市售材料中的溶剂或副产物。术语“重量百分比”可以在本文中表示为“wt.%”。除非提供了实际测量值的具体例子的地方,否则本文提及的数值均应当被视为由术语“约”加以限定。
如本文所用,“包括”意指可增加不影响最终结果的其他步骤和其他成分。该术语涵盖术语“由…组成”和“基本上由…组成”。本公开的组合物和方法/工艺可包括以下方面、由以下方面组成和基本上由以下方面组成:本文所述的本公开的基本要素和限制,以及本文所述的任何附加或任选成分、组分、步骤或限制。
如本文所用,短语“吸收制品”一般是指吸收和容纳体液的装置,且更具体地讲是指紧贴皮肤或靠近皮肤放置以吸收和容纳由身体排出的各种流体且具体地讲粘弹性流体的装置。吸收制品的例子包括但不限于旨在供个人穿戴的吸收制品,诸如尿布;失禁用产品;女性卫生产品,诸如卫生巾、护垫、卫生棉和阴唇间衬垫;其他个人衣物等等。
如本文所用,“积垢”意指随着流体穿过多孔介质在流体渗透性中的变化。更具体地讲,积垢是渗透性降低,其发生在当流体的组分穿过多孔介质并与材料结构发生相互作用时,从而降低多孔材料的固有渗透性。
如本文所用的术语“亲水性”是指水接触角远低于90°的表面。
如本文所用的术语“疏水性”是指水接触角为从约90°至约120°的表面的斥水性质。
如本文所用,“再浸湿”是指从吸收芯返回到并透过顶层、非织造表面的流体量。这也可称为“回流”。
术语“超疏水性”是指非常有效地斥水的表面性质。该性质由通常超过150°的水接触角而量化。
本公开涉及改进的个人护理产品,特别是一次性吸收制品。本公开的个人护理产品包括但不限于:女性卫生产品,比如卫生湿巾和月经吸收装置(例如,卫生巾和卫生棉);婴儿和儿童护理产品,诸如一次性尿布、吸收性内裤和训练裤;伤口敷料,诸如绷带;失禁用产品;用于擦拭和吸收油和/或有机溶剂的产品等等。
诸如女性护理吸收产品的一次性吸收制品例如可包括液体可渗透顶片、接合到顶片的基本上液体不可渗透底片和在顶片与底片之间设置并保持的吸收芯。顶片可操作地能渗透旨在由吸收制品保持或储存的液体,而底片可以是基本上不可渗透或以其他方式可操作地不可渗透预期的液体。吸收制品也可包括附加层。该附加层可以是液体吸入层、液体芯吸层、液体分布层、传输层、阻挡层等等,以及它们的组合。一次性吸收制品及其部件可操作以提供面向身体的表面(顶片的顶面)和面向衣物的表面(底片的背面)。如本文所用,“面向身体”或“身体侧”表面是指在日常使用过程中朝向穿戴者的身体设置或邻近穿戴者的身体放置的顶片表面。“衣物侧表面”是指在日常使用过程中表面的背面远离穿戴者的身体并邻近穿戴者的衣物而设置的底片。合适的吸收制品在美国专利号7,632,258中更详细地描述。
本公开的流体可渗透顶片可以不进行处理或者可以用超疏水性组合物处理,该组合物有助于避免流体位于表面的顶部,流体位于表面顶部会因污物、聚积的碎片或表面上的润湿而留下不愉快和/或不干净的感觉。本公开的一次性吸收制品特别适于容纳具有粘弹性的流体,诸如月经、粘液、血液制品和粪便等等,以减小污物面积,减少再浸湿,改善液体吸入、分布、吸收性质,以及减少渗漏。
虽然本公开主要与女性卫生产品(诸如卫生巾、护垫和阴唇间垫)结合讨论,但是基于本公开对本领域的技术人员将显而易见的是:本文所述的产品和方法也可以与许多其他被设计成吸收除月经以外的流体诸如稀便、尿液等的吸收制品结合使用。
此外,涂层的超疏水性质及其相对取向还允许分离不同表面能的流体,诸如油和水,如下所述。
本公开的吸收制品包括流体可渗透顶片,该顶片优选地为非织造的、面向身体的纤维片状材料。本公开提供胜过包括热塑性薄膜的顶片的优点,因为非织造材料通常较软,引起较少的出汗和来自汗水的刺激,并避免通常与塑料和薄膜相关的塑料感或沙沙声。
本公开的非织造材料包括但不限于纸巾、纺粘材料、熔喷材料、共成形材料、气纺材料、粘合梳理网材料、水力缠结(水刺)材料、它们的组合等等。例如,用来制造非织造材料的纤维可通过熔喷工艺或纺粘工艺产生,包括那些在本领域中公知的产生双组分、双成分或聚合物共混纤维的工艺。这些工艺一般使用挤出机将熔融的热塑性聚合物提供给喷丝头,在喷丝头处将聚合物纤维化以产生可以为短纤维长度或更长的纤维。然后将纤维拉伸,通常以气动方式拉伸,并沉积在移动的成型垫或带上,以形成非织造织物。纺粘和熔喷工艺产生的纤维可以是微纤维。本公开的微纤维是具有不大于约75微米的平均直径的小直径纤维,例如,具有从约0.5微米至约50微米的平均直径,或更具体地讲,微纤维可具有从约2微米至约40微米的平均直径。
本公开的合适基底可包括非织造织物、织造织物、针织织物或这些材料的层合物。如本文所述,基底也可以为薄纸或纸巾。对于本领域的技术人员来说,用于形成这样的基底的材料和工艺通常是公知的。例如,在本公开中可以使用的非织造织物的一些例子包括但不限于纸巾、纺粘网、熔喷网、粘合梳理网、气纺网、共成形网、水刺或水力缠结网等等。在每种情况下,用于制备非织造织物的纤维中的至少一者是含热塑性材料的纤维。此外,非织造织物可以是热塑性纤维和天然纤维比如纤维素纤维(软木浆、硬木浆、热磨机械浆等)的组合。一般来讲,从成本和所期望的性质的角度来看,本公开的基底为非织造织物。
如果需要,非织造织物还可以使用本领域中公知的技术进行粘合,以改善织物的耐用性、强度、手感、美观性、质地和/或其他性质。例如,非织造织物可以是热粘合的(例如,图案粘合、空气穿透干燥的)、超声粘合的、粘合剂粘合的和/或机械(例如针刺)粘合的。例如,在授予Hansen的美国专利号3,855,046、授予Levy等人的美国专利号5,620,779、授予Haynes等人的美国专利号5,962,112、授予Sayovitz等人的美国专利号6,093,665、授予Romano等人的美国外观设计专利号428,267以及授予Brown的美国外观设计专利号390,708中描述过各种图案粘合技术。
非织造织物可以通过连续的接缝或图案粘合。作为附加的例子,非织造织物可以沿着片材的周边或简单地横跨织物的宽度或横向邻近边缘而粘合。也可以使用其他粘合技术,诸如热粘合和乳胶浸渍的组合。作为另外一种选择和/或除此之外,树脂、乳胶或粘合剂可通过例如喷涂或印刷而施加到非织造织物,并干燥以提供所需的粘合。另外其他合适的粘合技术可见述于授予Everhart等人的美国专利号5,284,703、授予Anderson等人的美国专利号6,103,061以及授予Varona的美国专利号6,197,404。
在另一方面,本公开的基底由包含单组分和/或多组分纤维的纺粘网形成。多组分纤维是已经由至少两种聚合物组分形成的纤维。这样的纤维通常从单独的挤出机中挤出,但是纺到一起以形成一根纤维。相应组分的聚合物通常彼此不同,但多组分纤维可包括相似或相同聚合材料的单独组分。各个组分通常在纤维的整个横截面上布置在基本上恒定定位的不同区域中,并基本上沿着纤维的整个长度延伸。这样的纤维的构型可以是例如并排布置、饼式布置或任何其他布置。
当使用时,多组分纤维也可以是可分裂的。在制造可分裂的多组分纤维时,共同形成一体式多组分纤维的单个区段沿着多组分纤维的纵向方向以某种方式连续,使得一个或多个区段形成一体式多组分纤维外表面的一部分。换句话讲,一个或多个区段沿着多组分纤维的外周边而暴露。例如,可分裂的多组分纤维和制备这样的纤维的方法在授予Pike的美国专利号5,935,883和授予Marmon等人的美国专利号6,200,669中描述过。
本公开的基底也可以包含共成形材料。术语“共成形材料”通常是指包括热塑性纤维和第二非热塑性材料的混合物或稳定化基质的复合材料。例如,共成形材料可通过这样的工艺制成,其中将至少一个熔喷模头布置在斜槽附近,通过该斜槽在形成网的同时向网添加其他材料。这样的其他材料可包括但不限于纤维有机材料,诸如木质或非木质纸浆,诸如棉、人造丝、再生纸、浆绒毛,以及超吸收性颗粒、无机吸收材料、经处理的聚合物短纤维等。这样的共成形材料的一些例子在授予Anderson等人的美国专利号4,100,324、授予Everhart等人的美国专利号5,284,703以及授予Georger等人的美国专利号5,350,624中公开过。
另外,基底还可以由向一个或多个表面赋予了质地的材料形成。例如,在一些方面,基底可以由双质地化纺粘或熔喷材料形成,诸如在授予Lamers等人的美国专利号4,659,609和授予Win等人的美国专利号4,833,003中描述过。
在本公开的一个特定的方面,基底由水力缠结非织造织物形成。水力缠结工艺和包含不同纤维的各种组合的水力缠结复合网在本领域中是已知的。典型的水力缠结工艺利用水的高压射流来缠结纤维和/或长丝以形成高度缠结的固结纤维结构,例如非织造织物。短纤维长度的纤维和连续长丝的水力缠结非织造织物例如在授予Evans的美国专利号3,494,821以及美国专利号4,144,370中公开过。连续长丝非织造网和纸浆层的水力缠结复合非织造织物例如在授予Everhart等人的美国专利号5,284,703和授予Anderson的美国专利号6,315,864中公开过。
在这些非织造织物之中,具有与热塑性纤维缠结的短纤维的水力缠结非织造网特别适合用作基底。在水力缠结非织造网的一个特定例子中,短纤维与基本上连续的热塑性纤维水力缠结。短纤维可以是纤维素短纤维、非纤维素短纤维或它们的混合物。合适的非纤维素短纤维包括热塑性短纤维,诸如聚烯烃短纤维、聚酯短纤维、尼龙短纤维、聚醋酸乙烯酯短纤维等等或它们的混合物。合适的纤维素短纤维包括例如纸浆、热磨机械浆、合成纤维素纤维、改性纤维素纤维等等。纤维素纤维可从二次资源或回收资源中获得。合适的纤维素纤维资源的一些例子包括原木纤维,诸如热磨机械的、漂白的和未漂白的软木和硬木浆。可以从办公废纸、新闻纸、棕色纸料(brown paper stock)、废旧纸板等获得的二次或回收纤维素纤维也可以使用。另外,植物纤维,诸如马尼拉麻、亚麻、马利筋、棉、改性棉、棉绒也可以用作纤维素纤维。此外,可以使用合成纤维素纤维,比如人造丝和粘胶人造丝。改性纤维素纤维通常通过用适当的基团(例如,羰基、烷基、乙酸根、硝酸根等)沿着碳链对羟基基团进行置换而形成的纤维素衍生物构成。
一种尤其合适的水力缠结非织造网是聚丙烯纺粘纤维的非织造网复合物,聚丙烯纺粘纤维是基本上连续的纤维,该复合物具有与纺粘纤维水力缠结的纸浆纤维。另一种尤其合适的水力缠结非织造网是聚丙烯纺粘纤维的非织造网复合物,该复合物具有与纺粘纤维水力缠结的纤维素和非纤维素短纤维的混合物。
本公开的基底可以仅由热塑性纤维来制备,或者可以同时包含热塑性纤维和非热塑性纤维。通常,当基底同时包含热塑性纤维和非热塑性纤维时,按基底的重量计,热塑性纤维占从约10%至约90%。在一个特定的方面,按重量计,基底包含介于约10%与约30%之间的热塑性纤维。
通常,非织造基底将具有在约17gsm(克每平方米)至约200gsm范围内的基重,更典型地,介于约33gsm至约200gsm范围内的基重。实际的基重可大于200gsm,但对于许多应用,基重将在33gsm至150gsm的范围内。
构成基底的至少一部分的热塑性材料或纤维可以基本上为任何热塑性聚合物。合适的热塑性聚合物包括聚烯烃、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚氯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、诸如聚乳酸的可生物降解的聚合物,以及它们的共聚物和共混物。合适的聚烯烃包括聚乙烯,例如高密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯和线性低密度聚乙烯;聚丙烯,例如全同立构聚丙烯、间同立构聚丙烯、全同立构聚丙烯和无规立构聚丙烯的共混物,以及它们的共混物;聚丁烯,例如聚(1-丁烯)和聚(2-丁烯);聚戊烯,例如聚(1-戊烯)和聚(2-戊烯);聚(3-甲基-1-戊烯);聚(4-甲基-1-戊烯)以及它们的共聚物和共混物。合适的共聚物包括由两种或更多种不同的不饱和烯烃单体制备的无规和嵌段共聚物,诸如乙烯/丙烯和乙烯/丁烯共聚物。合适的聚酰胺包括尼龙6、尼龙6/6、尼龙4/6、尼龙11、尼龙12、尼龙6/10、尼龙6/12、尼龙12/12、己内酰胺和烯化氧二胺(alkylene oxidediamine)的共聚物等等,以及它们的共混物和共聚物。合适的聚酯包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸四亚甲基酯(polytetramethylene terephthalate)、聚亚环己基-1,4-二亚甲基对苯二甲酸酯(polycyclohexylene-1,4-dimethylene terephthalate),以及它们的间苯二甲酸酯共聚物,以及它们的共混物。根据本公开,这些热塑性聚合物可用于制备基本上连续的纤维和短纤维。
在另一方面,基底可以是薄纸产品。薄纸产品可以具有均匀的或多层构造,且由此制得的薄纸产品可以具有单层结构或多层构造。薄纸产品理想地具有约10g/m2至约65g/m2的基重,和约0.6g/cc或更小的密度。更理想地,基重将为约40g/m2或更小,且密度将为约0.3g/cc或更小。更理想地,密度将为约0.04g/cc至约0.2g/cc。除非另外指明,否则相对于纸张的所有量和重量均以干燥为基础。纵向上的拉伸强度可在每英寸宽度约100g至约5000g的范围内。横向上的拉伸强度为每英寸宽度约50g至约2,500g。吸水性通常为每克纤维约5g水至每克纤维约9g水。
用于制备这样的产品的常规压制薄纸产品和方法是本领域公知的。薄纸产品通常通过在多孔成形线材上沉积造纸配料而制成。一旦将配料沉积在成形线材上,它就被称为纸幅。纸幅通过压制纸幅并在高温下干燥而脱水。用于根据刚才所述的工艺制备纸幅的具体技术和典型设备对于本领域的技术人员是公知的。在典型的工艺中,从加压流浆箱提供低稠度的纸浆配料,流浆箱具有用于将纸浆配料的薄沉积物递送到成形线材上以形成润湿纸幅的开口。然后通常将纸幅通过真空脱水而脱水到从约7%至约25%(以总纸幅重量计)的纤维稠度,并进一步通过压制操作而干燥,在按压操作中纸幅经受由反向的机械构件(例如圆柱形辊)产生的压力。然后通过在本领域中称为Yankee干燥机的汽包设备进一步按压和干燥经脱水的纸幅。压力可在Yankee干燥机中通过机械装置(诸如反向的圆柱形滚筒)挤压纸幅而产生。可以采用多个Yankee干燥机滚筒,从而任选地在滚筒之间产生附加的压制。所形成的片材被认为是致密的,原因是整个纸幅在纤维是潮湿的时候接受巨大的机械压缩力,然后在处于压缩状态的时候干燥。在其他方面,薄纸可通过在本技术领域中已知的起绉形成。
本公开的一个特定方面利用不起绉空气穿透干燥技术来形成薄纸产品。空气穿透干燥可增加纸幅的松厚度和柔软度。这样的技术的例子在授予Cook等人的美国专利号5,048,589、授予Sudall等人的美国专利号5,399,412、授予Hermans等人的美国专利号5,510,001、授予Ruqowski等人的美国专利号5,591,309、授予Wendt等人的美国专利号6,017,417以及授予Liu等人的美国专利号6,432,270中公开过。不起绉空气穿透干燥通常涉及以下步骤:(1)形成纤维素纤维、水和任选的其他添加剂的配料;(2)将该配料沉积在行进的多孔束带上,从而在行进的多孔束带的顶部上形成纤维网;(3)使纤维网接受空气穿透干燥以将水从纤维网移除;以及(4)将干燥的纤维网从行进的多孔束带移除。
本公开的非织造材料也可以是多层层合物。多层层合物的例子是这样一个方面,其中一些层为纺粘的,一些为熔喷的,诸如纺粘/熔喷/纺粘(SMS)层合物,如在授予Brock等人的美国专利号4,041,203、授予Collier等人的美国专利号5,169,706以及授予Bornslaeger的美国专利号4,374,888中所公开的。这样的层合物可通过以下方式制备:按顺序首先将纺粘织物层,然后将熔喷织物层,最后将另一纺粘层沉积到移动成形束带上,再按下述方式粘合该层合物。作为另外一种选择,织物层可以单独地制成,收集在卷筒中,并在单独的粘合步骤中合并。这样的织物通常具有从约0.1至12OSY(盎司/平方码)(6至400gsm)的基重,或更具体地讲从约0.75至约3OSY的基重。
本公开使用超疏水组合物来处理非织造顶片以显著地减少通常在使用诸如一次性吸收制品的个人护理产品过程中发生的再浸湿和沾污。处理后的顶片用作“单向阀”,其允许流体更容易地从面向身体的表面迁移到吸收芯。由于在本公开中使用的设计和组合物,很少有通过从吸收芯重新进入顶片面向身体的表面的流体所引起的不期望的再浸湿或回流。单向阀性能意味着液体在一个方向上穿透,但是在标准条件下在相反的方向上不穿透。该特性是双极性的形式,因为顶片就像电学中的二极管。
一种实现本公开的非织造顶片中的“单向阀”的方式是进行策略性超疏水处理。“单向阀”系统的使用促使流体进入吸收层,远离消费者的身体,以使得消费者感觉更干燥和清洁从而实现总体上改善的性能。
为了实现单向阀行为,非织造基底的两个表面中的仅一个表面将用超疏水性涂层进行处理,处理水平足够高以使得能够实现表面超疏水性,但又低到足以保持非织造基底的孔结构打开以使得水能够透过孔渗透。
实验已证明,非织造基底的优选处理将是以大约小于2gsm的添加水平将一个表面涂上超疏水性制剂。当从非织造基底的两个不同的侧面进行测量时,非织造基底从而表现出水压头值至少约16cm的水高差。
当在非织造基底的两个不同的表面测量时,为了实现水压头值约4cm水的高度差,超疏水性制剂的添加水平是至关重要的。如果添加水平太低,则两个表面在它们的亲水/疏水性质方面非常相似,因为这两个表面是相同材料的两个侧面。由于在这种情况下两个表面的水压头值非常相似,因此它们之间的差值相当小,接近或等于0cm。
相反地,如果添加水平太高(>>2gsm),则超疏水性制剂在处理侧上形成连续的薄膜层。该薄膜层完全阻止液体从两侧渗透。这对每个表面产生非常高的水压头值。此外,由于在这种情况下两个表面的水压头值非常相似,因此它们之间的差值也相当小,接近或等于0cm。因此,在最小和最大添加水平之间的所需添加水平是可以实现单向阀行为的添加水平范围。图4A和图4B示出了这一趋势。
添加水平范围也取决于基底的结构参数,诸如纤维尺寸、孔隙度、密度、均匀性和基重。当基底具有相对较大直径的纤维、较高的孔隙度、较低的密度、欠均匀和/或较低的基重时,在图4A和图4B中的所需添加范围将朝右偏移,这意味着最小和最大添加水平都将具有更高的值。另一方面,当基底具有相对较小直径的纤维、较低的孔隙度、较高的密度、更均匀和/或更高的基重时,在图4A和图4B中的添加范围朝左偏移,这意味着最小和最大添加水平都将具有更低的值。
可使用常规的可缩放的方法(诸如喷涂)将超疏水涂层施加在表面上。在一个方面,使用亲水性纳米结构化填料(得自Sigma Aldrich的NANOMER PGV纳米粘土),诸如不进行有机改性的膨润土。作为疏水性组分,使用氟化乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(PMC)的20wt.%水分散体,如从DuPont获得的(商品名是CAPSTONE ST-100)。将亲水性纳米粘土加到水中并进行超声处理,直到产生稳定的悬浮液为止。超声处理可以在室温下使用探头超声波仪(SONICS750W,高强度超声处理器,处于30%振幅的13mm直径顶端)来完成。在这些设置下,对于形成稳定的15.5克纳米粘土-水悬浮液,用时可以为约15至约30分钟。将纳米粘土在水中的浓度保持在总悬浮液的2wt.%以下以防止形成凝胶,形成凝胶会使得分散体过于粘稠而不能喷涂。在室温下将稳定的粘土-水悬浮液置于机械混合作用下后,将含水PMC分散体逐滴加到悬浮液中,以产生用于喷涂的最终分散体。在这样的方面中,在最终分散体中用于产生超疏水涂层的各组分的浓度将如下:95.5wt.%的水,2.8%的PMC,1.7%的纳米粘土;或97.5wt.%的水,1.25%的PMC,1.25%的纳米粘土。使用喷枪雾化器(Paasche VL虹吸进料,0.55mm喷嘴)手动地或通过将该装置安装到工业流体分配机器人(EFD,Ultra TT系列)上,以约15cm至约25cm的距离喷涂到纤维素基底上而施加涂料。也可以使用空气辅助下的EFD喷嘴,因为这在喷涂应用期间实现极细的雾。建议用于EFD分配系统的最小喷嘴直径为约0.35mm。风扇有助于喷雾锥成形为椭圆形,这对于在线性移动的基底上产生连续均匀的涂层是有用的。对于喷枪,操作依赖于穿过喷嘴的压缩空气以对颗粒分散体进行虹吸进料,并且还有助于在喷嘴出口处的流体雾化。施加在整个喷雾器上的压降可根据条件从约2.1巴至约3.4巴变化。
当喷涂水性分散体时,通常会遇到一些技术困难。第一个主要的问题是:在雾化过程中流体蒸发不充分和分散体在涂布基底上的高度润湿,当水最终蒸发时,这两种情况由于接触线钉扎(contact line pinning)和所谓的“咖啡污渍效应”会造成不均匀的涂层。第二个主要的挑战是:当与用于喷涂的其他溶剂相比时,水相对大的表面张力。水由于其高表面张力趋向于在喷涂应用中形成不均匀的薄膜,因此需要非常小心以确保实现均匀的涂层。这对于水趋向于结珠和滚动的疏水性基底尤其重要。据观察,施加本公开的水性分散体的最好方法是在雾化期间产生极细的液滴,并且仅施加非常薄的涂层,以免浸透基底并使基底内的氢键重新取向,在干燥后,这种重新取向会导致纤维素基底(例如,纸巾)变硬。
在另一方面,首先将涂层喷铸在基底上,诸如标准纸板或其他纤维素基底上;将多个喷涂过程用于实现不同的涂层厚度。喷涂的薄膜然后在约80℃的烘箱中接受约30分钟的干燥,以除去所有多余的水。基底的尺寸可以是大约但不限于约7.5cm×9cm。一旦干燥后,就对涂层的可润湿性(即,疏水性与亲水性)进行表征。为了确定引起超疏水性所需的最低涂布水平,可在涂布和干燥之前以及之后将基底在微量天平(LE26P)上称重。该“最低涂布”并不严格意味着样品将抵抗液体的渗透,而是水滴将在表面上结珠并顺畅地滚下。基底在涂布之前和之后的拒液性可通过测定液体渗透压(以液体的厘米数表示)的静水压装置来表征。
接触角的值可通过利用CCD照相机的背光式光学图像装置来获得。对于动态接触角滞后测量(其指定自洁性能),CCD照相机可通过高速照相机来代替,诸如REDLAKE MotionPro照相机,以准确地捕捉前进和后退接触角值。前进和后退接触角之间的差值(即,接触角滞后)越小,表面的自洁能力就越大。液体渗透压可根据ASTM F903-10增加静液柱压力直到液体渗透样品为止来测定。液体渗透可通过利用CCD照相机的光学图像装置而记录。
复合涂层的可润湿性可以首先在纸板上进行测试,纸板是被认为代表一般类别的纤维素基底(质地化或非质地化)的非质地化亲水性纤维素基底。将纳米粘土以增加的浓度掺入涂层中,直到观察到自洁行为为止。将纳米粘土加到复合涂层中的目的是为了影响涂层的质地。众所周知,超疏水性和自洁行为通过两个机制来控制,即,表面粗糙度和表面能。还已表明,分层结构与低表面能基团相结合提供用于实现超疏水性所需的粗糙度的良好途径。纳米粘土具有纳米级厚度和微米级长度的薄片结构,当自组装时(通过静电相互作用),产生上述层分层结构。在最先观察到自洁能力时纳米粘土在复合涂层中的浓度水平为最终复合涂层的约38wt.%(最终涂层约62wt.%的PMC)。当将该复合涂层喷铸在纸板上时,可实现约146±3°(近超疏水)的接触角,和约21±5°的接触角滞后。较低的滞后值预期可以得到更疏水的纳米结构化颗粒,但是基于疏水性填料的水分散体是极难实现的。其他纳米结构化颗粒包括气相二氧化硅、疏水性二氧化钛、氧化锌、纳米粘土、片状脱落的纳米石墨片、碳纳米纤维以及它们的混合物。其他填料可包括磨碎玻璃、碳酸钙、三水合铝、滑石、三氧化锑、飞灰、粘土以及它们的混合物。
虽然在超疏水性的情况下,重点放在提高粗糙度和降低表面能上,但对于抵抗液体渗入基底中,基底的孔尺寸和表面能是重要的因素。图1显示了以理想的方式构造的抵抗水渗透的多孔基底(平均分布的均匀直径d的直孔)。在这种构造中,用于渗透孔尺寸为d的疏水性基底所必需的压力由杨氏-拉普拉斯(Young-Laplace)方程Δp=4γcosθ/d给出,其中g是水的表面张力,而q(q>90°)是水和基底之间的接触角。多孔基底的疏水性越强(即,q值越高),液体渗透压Δp越大。显而易见的是,渗透压与孔尺寸成反比(孔越细,引起水渗透所需要的压力就越高)。虽然通过将相对厚的涂层处理(其他疏水制剂)施加到多孔基底能够影响孔尺寸,但是在涂布之后的有效孔尺寸通常已由在涂布处理之前的基底孔尺寸预先决定。施加涂布处理的一般目的是为了降低基底的表面能。在亲水的、基于纤维素的基底的情况下,涂布处理可能不会产生围绕某些纤维的均匀、低表面能薄膜,这些纤维为亲水性的,可容易地吸收水分而导致0cm的液体渗透压值。增加涂布处理应赋予一定程度的对水渗透的阻力。这种方法的有效性通过液体渗透压(即“水压头”,其以用于对表面进行挑战的液体的厘米数来度量)进行测定。该压力越高,涂布方法在向基底赋予疏水性方面越有效。自然地,液体渗透压取决于所用的液体(在杨氏-拉普拉斯方程中的γ值)。由于醇具有比水更低的表面张力,因此水和醇的混合物导致更低的渗透压。
图2A和图2B示出了单向阀的工作机理。对于涂层向上(CU)的取向,这意味着未涂布的侧向下,施加到顶部(涂布侧)的液滴将通过在非织造材料中的孔下垂,直到液滴接触芯吸掉液滴的未涂布纤维为止。相反地,对于涂布侧向下而未涂布侧向上(未示出),施加到顶部(未涂布侧)的液滴将下垂到涂层上方的开放空间,但必须克服全部的拉普拉斯压力阈值才能完全渗过涂布侧。该系统类似于电子二极管,其中,允许流体从一个方向转移,但不允许在相反的方向转移。由于液体界面从CU方向下垂到疏水涂布的孔中,因此液体将被芯吸通过未涂布的亲水性纤维下方,并允许流体运输到基底内。对于涂层向下(CD)的取向,由于没有未涂布的亲水性纤维芯吸流体穿过,因此液体界面在流体渗透之前可以在大得多的压力下下垂。
图3示出了如上所述经处理的标准纸巾的横截面扫描电镜(SEM)图像,其中图3很大程度上类似于图2B的示意图中的CU情况。连同涂布纤维和未涂布纤维之间的间隙,可在横截面的顶部看见涂层。
图4A和图4B示出了这样的现象:以涂层侧向上被引向压力的基底的流体通过比涂层侧向下的流体通过更容易,从而产生“阀窗口”。以增加的涂布间隔对样品进行测试;该测试显示出:在更大gsm的涂布下,阻力差异缩小。因此,涂布水平应保持较低。通过细化喷涂中的精度以及通过创建0.25和0.75gsm的数据点来加宽图4A和图4B中的“阀窗口”是可能的。
图5示出了被引向油-水混合物或乳液的单侧涂布的基底的油水-分离现象。油已用油红O(Oil Red O)染成红色,而水已用蓝色食用色素染成蓝色。图5的方面(a)示出了将低表面能流体(油)从涂布侧吸收到材料中,而相对较高表面能的流体(水)已被分离出来并停留在材料上方的超疏水涂层上。图5的方面(b)示出了相反的情况,其中,材料的未涂布侧已经用未染色的水饱和。当将相同的油-水混合物引向该材料的涂布侧时,水被吸收,油被分离并留在表面上。
基底可用于这样的应用,其中,它将允许油或相对较低表面能的流体从包含较高表面能的流体(诸如油-水乳液中的水)的流体混合物中分离。如在图5的方面(a)中所示,一旦与油-水混合物接触,水将被涂层排斥,而油因其较低的表面能可被吸收。
对于期望从分离中得到较低表面能的流体的应用,这种流体分离也可以反过来。如果从未涂布侧将材料引向更高表面能的流体从而使材料浸透,诸如,如在图5的方面(b)中未涂布侧被水润湿就是这种情况;则材料从混合物中分离并吸收较高表面能的流体(在本例中为水),并使较低表面能的流体(在本例中为油)留在涂布的表面上,如在图5的方面(b)中所示。
本公开提供有助于减少顶片面向身体的表面上的体液存在的超疏水性涂布非织造材料,这使得体液更可能引向吸收芯。
实例
以下实例将进一步描述和说明本公开范围内的多个方面。给出的实例仅用于说明性目的,而不应被理解为对本公开的限制,因为在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下其许多变型形式是可能的。
具体地讲,这些实例描述了使用可得自Roswell,Georgia的Kimberly-ClarkProfessional的高密度纸巾(HDPT)、SCOTT牌纸巾(SPT)和作为基底的BCW涌流材料(surgematerial),而所用的超疏水化学品在共同未决的美国专利申请序列号13/193065和13/193145中描述过。所用的具体的HDPT是22.3磅/2880平方英尺或38gsm的KLEENEX牌硬卷纸巾50606。SPT是UCTAD薄纸,其具有比HDPT的密度更低的密度。在基底一个表面上的这些低添加水平下,展示了单向阀性质。经处理的侧展示了结珠,随后穿过经处理的纤维之间的孔渗透到基底的另一侧,而未经处理的侧展示了液体沿着未经处理的侧吸收和扩散,但流体并不穿过经处理的侧回渗。
将超疏水性制剂喷涂在基底表面上以产生单向阀性能。之前在涂布基底中的努力使用了高涂布水平,以使得涂布的表面用作防止流体穿过的阻挡层。在这样的高涂布水平下,在处理过的表面上的纤维和纤维之间的孔都被超疏水性涂层化学品覆盖,该化学品实际上在基底上形成了连续的水不可渗透的薄膜。据发现,将涂层重量降低到非常低的水平,诸如2gsm或更低,导致了涂布的基底呈现单相阀性质。HDPT、SPT和BCW涌流材料以1gsm的基重涂上超疏水性制剂(1.25%的PMC、1.25%的纳米粘土和97.5%的水)并表现出单向阀行为;水可以容易地从涂布侧渗入到未涂布侧,但不能在相反的方向上渗透,除非在高压力作用下。
图3示出了涂层仅覆盖表面层上的纤维,并且没有涂层化学品阻塞和跨接纤维之间的孔。这种涂层结构在使得能够实现单向阀行为上是关键的。虽然不局限于任何特定的理论,但是据推测,当涂布侧向上时,水滴将在涂布表面上形成,该水滴的形成由来自涂布纤维的排斥力而驱动。这些液滴最初将停留在开放的孔上方,然后将下垂到孔中,直到它们接触在涂布表面下方的未涂布纤维为止。由未涂布纤维产生的芯吸作用将穿过孔并远离涂布侧吸取液滴。这样,在未涂布侧中的纤维网络提供连续的驱动力以将流体从进入点移除。相反,当将流体添加到未涂布侧时(即,当涂布侧在本例中向下时),流体液滴立即沿着未涂布层芯吸到纤维网络中。当液滴最终接触涂布的纤维时,它们必须克服全部的拉普拉斯压力阈值才能穿透涂布层,因为在孔的另一侧上没有未涂布的纤维吸引流体通过。
如上所述,图4A和图4B分别反映了对于HDPT和SPT而言涂布水平对水压头压力的影响。以涂层侧向上被引向压力的单侧涂布的基底的流体通过比涂层侧向下的流体通过更容易;这产生阀窗口。阀窗口决定单向阀性能。窗口越大,基底所呈现的单相阀性能更有效。阀窗口随着涂布水平的增加而减小。这就解释了为什么仅在适当低的涂层重量下观察到了单向阀性能;在较高的涂层重量下阀窗口消失了。
在第一具体方面,具有单向阀性质的材料包括:非织造基底,该非织造基底具有第一表面和第二表面,该第一表面具有第一表面水压头值,该第二表面具有第二表面水压头值;和超疏水性制剂,该超疏水性制剂设置在该第一表面上,其中第一表面水压头值小于约1cm,并且其中第二表面水压头值至少大于第一表面水压头值4cm。
第二具体方面包括第一具体方面,其中超疏水性制剂以小于约2gsm的添加水平存在。
第三具体方面包括第一或第二具体方面,其中超疏水性制剂包含疏水性组分、纳米结构化颗粒和水。
第四具体方面包括前述具体方面中的任一个,其中疏水性组分选自氟化聚合物、全氟化聚合物、非氟化聚合物以及它们的混合物。
第五具体方面包括前述具体方面中的任一个,其中纳米结构化颗粒选自气相二氧化硅、疏水性二氧化钛、氧化锌、纳米粘土、片状脱落的石墨纳米片、碳纳米纤维以及它们的混合物。
第六具体方面包括前述具体方面中的任一个,其中疏水性组分是水可分散的疏水性聚合物。
第七具体方面包括前述具体方面中的任一个,其中水可分散的疏水性聚合物包括选自丙烯酸单体、丙烯酸前体等的共聚单体。
第八具体方面包括前述具体方面中的任一个,其中超疏水性制剂是改性全氟化聚合物。
第九具体方面包括前述具体方面中的任一个,超疏水性制剂还包含选自非离子、阳离子和阴离子表面活性剂的表面活性剂。
第十具体方面包括前述具体方面中的任一个,超疏水性制剂还包含选自长链脂肪酸、长链脂肪酸盐、乙烯-丙烯酸、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物、磺酸、乙酸等的稳定剂。
第十一具体方面包括前述具体方面中的任一个,超疏水性制剂还包含选自磨碎玻璃、碳酸钙、三水合铝、滑石、三氧化锑、飞灰、粘土以及它们的混合物的填料。
第十二具体方面包括前述具体方面中的任一个,其中非织造基底为吸收性的。
第十三具体方面包括前述具体方面中的任一个,其中非织造基底选自纸巾、纺粘材料、熔喷材料、共成形材料、气纺材料、粘合梳理网材料、水力缠结(水刺)材料、它们的组合等等。
第十四具体方面包括前述具体方面中的任一个,其中第二表面水压头值大于第一表面水压头值不到约16cm。
第十五具体方面包括前述具体方面中的任一个,其中材料被构造成通过吸收较低表面能的流体而将较高表面能的流体留在材料的第一表面上而在第一表面上分离具有不同表面能的流体的混合物。
第十六具体方面包括前述具体方面中的任一个,其中材料被构造成在第二未涂布表面被较高表面能的流体润湿后通过吸收较高表面能的流体而将较低表面能的流体留在材料的第一表面上而在第一表面上分离具有不同表面能的流体的混合物。
在第十七具体方面,具有单向阀性质的材料包括:非织造基底,该非织造基底具有第一表面和第二表面,该第一表面具有第一表面水压头值,该第二表面具有第二表面水压头值;和超疏水性制剂,该超疏水性制剂以小于约2gsm的添加水平设置在该第一表面上,其中第二表面水压头值至少大于第一表面水压头值4cm。
第十八具体方面包括第十七具体方面,其中超疏水性制剂包含疏水性组分、纳米结构化颗粒和水。
第十九具体方面包括前述具体方面中的任一个,其中疏水性组分选自氟化聚合物、全氟化聚合物、非氟化聚合物以及它们的混合物。
在第二十具体方面,个人护理制品包括:非织造流体可渗透顶片,该顶片具有面向身体的表面和相对的背侧表面;流体不可渗透底片;和至少一个设置在其间的中间层,其中流体可渗透顶片包括:非织造基底,该非织造基底具有第一表面和第二表面,该第一表面具有第一表面水压头值,该第二表面具有第二水压头值;和超疏水性制剂,该超疏水性制剂设置在该第一表面上,其中第一表面水压头值小于约1cm,并且其中第二表面水压头值至少大于第一表面水压头值4cm。
本文所公开的尺寸和值不应被理解为严格地限于所述的精确数值。相反,除非另外指明,否则每个这样的尺寸旨在表示所述值和围绕该值的功能上等同的范围。例如,公开为“40mm”的尺寸旨在表示“约40mm”。
在本公开的“具体实施方式”中引用的所有文件在相关的部分中均以引用方式并入本文;对任何文件的引用均不应被解释为承认其是关于本公开的现有技术。在本书面文件中的术语的任何含义或定义与以引用方式并入的文件中的术语的任何含义或定义冲突的情况下,应当以赋予本书面文件中的术语的含义或定义为准。
虽然已经示出并描述了本公开的特定方面,但对本领域的技术人员将显而易见的是,在不背离本公开的精神和范围的情况下可以作出各种其他变化和修改。因此,在所附权利要求书中意图涵盖所有在本公开范围内的这样的变化和修改。

Claims (22)

1.一种具有单向阀性质的材料,所述材料包括:
非织造基底,所述非织造基底具有第一表面和第二表面,所述第一表面具有第一表面水压头值,所述第二表面具有第二表面水压头值;和
超疏水性制剂,所述超疏水性制剂设置在所述第一表面上,其中所述第一表面水压头值小于1cm,并且其中所述第二表面水压头值至少大于所述第一表面水压头值4cm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的材料,其中所述超疏水性制剂以小于2gsm的添加水平存在。
3.根据权利要求1所述的材料,其中所述超疏水性制剂包含疏水性组分、纳米结构化颗粒和水。
4.根据权利要求3所述的材料,其中所述疏水性组分选自氟化聚合物、全氟化聚合物、非氟化聚合物以及它们的混合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的材料,其中所述纳米结构化颗粒选自气相二氧化硅、疏水性二氧化钛、氧化锌、纳米粘土、片状脱落的纳米石墨片、炭纳米纤维以及它们的混合物。
6.根据权利要求3所述的材料,其中所述疏水性组分为可水分散的疏水性聚合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的材料,其中所述可水分散的疏水性聚合物包括选自丙烯酸单体、丙烯酸前体的共聚单体。
8.根据权利要求1所述的材料,其中所述超疏水性制剂是改性的全氟化聚合物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的材料,所述超疏水性制剂还包含选自非离子、阳离子和阴离子表面活性剂的表面活性剂。
10.根据权利要求1所述的材料,所述超疏水性制剂还包含选自长链脂肪酸、长链脂肪酸盐、乙烯-丙烯酸、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物、磺酸、乙酸的稳定剂。
11.根据权利要求1所述的材料,所述超疏水性制剂还包含选自磨碎玻璃、碳酸钙、三水合铝、滑石、三氧化锑、飞灰、粘土以及它们的混合物的填料。
12.根据权利要求1所述的材料,其中所述非织造基底是吸收性的。
13.根据权利要求1所述的材料,其中所述非织造基底选自纸巾、纺粘材料、熔喷材料、共成形材料、气纺材料、粘合梳理网材料、水力缠结材料、它们的组合。
14.根据权利要求1所述的材料,其中所述第二表面水压头值大于所述第一表面水压头值不到16cm。
15.根据权利要求1所述的材料,其中所述材料被构造成通过吸收较低表面能的流体而将较高表面能的流体留在所述材料的所述第一表面上而在所述第一表面上分离具有不同表面能的流体的混合物。
16.根据权利要求15所述的材料,其中所述材料被构造成在第二未涂布表面被较高表面能的流体润湿后通过吸收所述较高表面能的流体而将较低表面能的流体留在所述材料的所述第一表面上而在所述第一表面上分离具有不同表面能的流体的混合物。
17.一种具有单向阀性质的材料,所述材料包括:
非织造基底,所述非织造基底具有第一表面和第二表面,所述第一表面具有第一表面水压头值,所述第二表面具有第二表面水压头值;
超疏水性制剂,所述超疏水性制剂以小于2gsm的添加水平设置在所述第一表面上,其中所述第二表面水压头值至少大于所述第一表面水压头值4cm。
18.根据权利要求17所述的材料,其中所述超疏水性制剂包含疏水性组分、纳米结构化颗粒和水。
19.根据权利要求18所述的材料,其中所述疏水性组分选自氟化聚合物、全氟化聚合物、非氟化聚合物以及它们的混合物。
20.一种个人护理制品,所述个人护理制品包括:非织造流体可渗透顶片,所述顶片具有面向身体的表面和相对的背侧表面;流体不可渗透底片;和至少一个设置在其间的中间层,其中流体可渗透顶片包括非织造基底,所述非织造基底具有第一表面和第二表面,所述第一表面具有第一表面水压头值,所述第二表面具有第二表面水压头值;和
超疏水性制剂,所述超疏水性制剂设置在所述第一表面上,其中所述第一表面水压头值小于1cm,并且其中所述第二表面水压头值至少大于所述第一表面水压头值4cm。
21.根据权利要求20所述的个人护理制品,其中所述非织造流体可渗透顶片选自纸巾、纺粘材料、熔喷材料、共成形材料、气纺材料、粘合梳理网材料、水力缠结材料、它们的组合。
22.根据权利要求20所述的个人护理制品,其中所述超疏水性制剂是改性全氟化聚合物。
CN201480068630.0A 2013-10-31 2014-10-30 单向阀非织造材料 Active CN106062449B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361898126P 2013-10-31 2013-10-31
US61/898126 2013-10-31
US201361908506P 2013-11-25 2013-11-25
US61/908506 2013-11-25
PCT/US2014/063036 WO2015066261A1 (en) 2013-10-31 2014-10-30 One-way valve nonwoven material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN106062449A CN106062449A (zh) 2016-10-26
CN106062449B true CN106062449B (zh) 2019-05-10

Family

ID=53005095

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201480068630.0A Active CN106062449B (zh) 2013-10-31 2014-10-30 单向阀非织造材料

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20160242970A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP3063443A4 (zh)
KR (1) KR101701689B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN106062449B (zh)
AU (1) AU2014342318B2 (zh)
MX (1) MX2016005568A (zh)
RU (1) RU2624249C1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2015066261A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101734461B1 (ko) * 2015-07-31 2017-05-11 한국과학기술연구원 일회용 흡수 용품 및 그 제조방법
WO2019006057A1 (en) * 2017-06-30 2019-01-03 The Procter & Gamble Company DISPOSABLE ABSORBENT ARTICLE HAVING UPPER SURFACE-MODIFIED SHEET
US20190000690A1 (en) * 2017-06-30 2019-01-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable absorbent article having surface modified topsheet
EP3644931A1 (en) * 2017-06-30 2020-05-06 The Procter and Gamble Company Disposable absorbent article having surface modified topsheet
CN107489021B (zh) * 2017-09-29 2019-10-29 欣龙控股(集团)股份有限公司 非织造材料的抗尿液渗透整理液及透气抗尿液非织造材料
BR112020006678B1 (pt) 2017-10-30 2023-10-31 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc Artigo absorvente, e, conjunto absorvente
WO2021237507A1 (en) * 2020-05-27 2021-12-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent article with topsheet comprising cellulose-based fibers
WO2022088058A1 (en) * 2020-10-30 2022-05-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent article with hybrid nonwoven web
KR102509763B1 (ko) * 2021-01-28 2023-03-15 충남대학교산학협력단 흡수 용품 및 이의 제조 방법

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0985392A1 (en) * 1998-09-07 2000-03-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent article having super hydrophobic layers

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2026326A1 (en) * 1989-10-04 1991-04-05 James Arthur Davis Disposable diaper having a humidity transfer region, breathable zone panel and separation layer
WO1998042289A1 (en) * 1997-03-21 1998-10-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Dual-zoned absorbent webs
AR025300A1 (es) * 1999-08-23 2002-11-20 Kimberly Clark Co Un articulo absorbente descartable con capacidad para respirar en humedo incrementada.
US7179951B2 (en) * 2000-06-21 2007-02-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent barrier structures having a high convective air flow rate and articles made therefrom
US7632258B2 (en) 2003-03-19 2009-12-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Multilayer absorbent article
US8101814B2 (en) * 2004-05-12 2012-01-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Breathable absorbent articles and composites comprising a vapor permeable, liquid barrier layer
US7416637B2 (en) * 2004-07-01 2008-08-26 Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp Low compaction, pneumatic dewatering process for producing absorbent sheet
RU2377021C1 (ru) * 2005-10-05 2009-12-27 Ска Хайджин Продактс Аб Впитывающее изделие, содержащее контрафильный полимер
US8193406B2 (en) * 2007-05-17 2012-06-05 Ut-Battelle, Llc Super-hydrophobic bandages and method of making the same
JP5566617B2 (ja) * 2009-02-27 2014-08-06 ユニ・チャーム株式会社 生理用タンポン
US9364859B2 (en) * 2011-07-28 2016-06-14 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Superhydrophobic surfaces
US9237973B2 (en) * 2012-01-31 2016-01-19 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Treated apertures
CN102691175B (zh) * 2012-05-07 2014-10-29 北京航空航天大学 一种具有单向透水性能的复合纤维膜及其制备方法

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0985392A1 (en) * 1998-09-07 2000-03-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent article having super hydrophobic layers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR101701689B1 (ko) 2017-02-01
EP3063443A4 (en) 2017-06-14
WO2015066261A1 (en) 2015-05-07
CN106062449A (zh) 2016-10-26
AU2014342318A1 (en) 2016-06-09
US20160242970A1 (en) 2016-08-25
EP3063443A1 (en) 2016-09-07
KR20160086348A (ko) 2016-07-19
AU2014342318B2 (en) 2019-08-15
MX2016005568A (es) 2016-10-03
RU2624249C1 (ru) 2017-07-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN106062449B (zh) 单向阀非织造材料
US9944047B2 (en) Enhanced co-formed/meltblown fibrous web structure
KR101702190B1 (ko) 초소수성 표면
RU2534534C2 (ru) Ламинированный нетканый материал с высоким содержанием целлюлозы
EP2692924B1 (en) Process of making nonwoven calendered fabrics and calender
EP3317447B1 (en) Enhanced co-formed/meltblown fibrous web structure and method for manufacturing
US20180002848A1 (en) Enhanced co-formed/meltspun fibrous web structure
CN110506139B (zh) 用多种粘合技术制成的连续长丝纤维素非织造布
RU2555510C2 (ru) Продукты из нетканых материалов с улучшенными свойствами переноса
EP2692923B1 (en) Nonwoven Materials Containing Polylactic Acid
TWI762608B (zh) 非織纖維素纖維織物、用於製造彼之方法及裝置、使用彼之方法、及包含彼之產品或複合物
KR20120107908A (ko) 적층 시트 및 그 제조 방법
JP7140803B2 (ja) 繊維加工剤、及びこれを含有する液透過性不織布
US20180282922A1 (en) Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with fiber diameter distribution
JP2019170756A (ja) 液体含浸皮膚被覆シート用不織布および液体含浸皮膚被覆シート
CA3043530C (en) Cleaning pad with split core fibrous structures
WO2017004116A1 (en) Enhanced co-formed/meltblown fibrous web structure
US20150315749A1 (en) Hydrophobic treatment on hydrophilic nonwoven
JP2005245752A (ja) 拭き取り布

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant