CN106045556B - 一种具有可见光催化性能的高强轻质多孔环保内墙硅藻砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有可见光催化性能的高强轻质多孔环保内墙硅藻砖及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有可见光催化性能的高强轻质多孔环保内墙硅藻砖及其制备方法,以硅藻土、高岭土、纤蛇纹石纤维、高分子粘结剂、长石混合后并压制成生坯,经干燥、焙烧、冷却得到硅藻土砖,并在其表面涂附钨酸铋后再焙烧、冷却得到内墙硅藻砖。本发明的内墙硅藻砖利用了硅藻土为主基料的优异特殊性能,再通过添加纤蛇纹石纤维、钨酸铋光催化剂,从而提高其力学性能,及实现在可见光下的光催化效果。同时本发明还能产生能够分解室内的有毒有害气体,并集调湿、隔热、抗菌、吸音、保温、净化空气及阻燃等功能于一体的新型环保性建材。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及无机非金属矿物材料技术领域,具体为一种具有可见光催化性能的高强轻质多孔环保内墙硅藻砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来随着人们的生活水平不断提高,各种室内家装材料被大量使用,由此造成的室内空气污染日益明显,甲醛、苯、二甲苯等有机污染已是司空见惯,因此引起的身体伤害也时有发生。因此,尽量祛除居室污染、创造一个绿色安全的居室环境成为当前的重要目标。为了适应人们的需求,环保建材应运而生。
以硅藻土为主要原料制备的室内墙砖,除了具有不含有害物质、防水、阻燃、隔音、隔热等优点外,还具有保湿、除味、净化空气等特殊功能,因此在室内家居装饰中具有极大的应用潜力,并引起了广泛的关注。近些年,有关硅藻土内墙砖的开发和研究很多,各具特点。
但是,从现有国内外文献及已公开的专利来看,现有的以硅藻土为主基料的室内墙面砖,其抗折强度较低,很难达到相关国家标准要求。因此,如何在降低生产烧结温度的同时提高其强度,增强其性能,延长其使用寿命,是目前研究的重点方向。
目前室内环境中降解有机污染气体的光催化剂,大部分是二氧化钛(TiO2),或者是针对二氧化钛做的改性研究。然而二氧化钛的禁带宽度为3.2eV左右,主要是在波长小于400nm的紫外光区内有响应,而紫外光在太阳光中占得比例不足5%,在室内照明光中的含量更低,因此二氧化钛光催化剂无法有效利用太阳光和室内灯光中的可见光,造成实际光降解能力很低。因此,如何制备具有可见光催化性能的内墙硅藻砖,也成为目前需要研究的重点方向。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术的缺点,本发明提供一种具有可见光催化性能的高强轻质多孔环保内墙硅藻砖及其制备方法,旨在根据硅藻土为主基料的优异特殊性能,通过添加纤蛇纹石纤维使其获得较好的力学性能,并在其表面负载钨酸铋光催化剂,使其在室内的可见光源下获得较好的光催化性能。
本发明解决上述技术问题采用以下技术方案:一种具有可见光催化性能的高强轻质多孔环保内墙硅藻砖,所述硅藻砖成分及其占原料总质量百分数分别为:硅藻土60~85%、高岭土5~15%、纤蛇纹石纤维2~15%、高分子粘结剂0.1~5%、长石2~5%、光催化剂1~5%。硅藻砖具有大量空隙,且空隙成多级分布,孔径从纳米级到微米级。纤蛇纹石纤维具有力学性能优良、热稳定好等特点,可用于材料增强,因此将其添加到硅藻砖坯体原料中,能够在低温焙烧时提高硅藻砖的力学强度。
作为优选,所述光催化剂为钨酸铋,所述钨酸铋分布在所述硅藻砖表面层中。钨酸铋光催化剂不但具有热稳定与光催化性能稳定、降解效果好、绿色环保等优点,而且其禁带宽度合适,为2.8eV左右,能够有效充分利用太阳光与照明光中的可见光,具有更好的光催化性能。通过使用钨酸铋代替现有的二氧化钛,使得硅藻土墙面砖实际的光催化性能更稳定,降解有机污染物的效果更好,硅藻砖在可见光下对有机气体污染物的降解率大于70%。
本发明进一步提供一种制备具有可见光催化性能的高强轻质多孔环保内墙硅藻砖的方法,包括下列步骤:
(1)将硅藻土、高岭土、纤蛇纹石纤维、高分子粘结剂、长石按一定质量比混合,搅拌混合均匀,制备得到硅藻土基坯体原料。通过添加纤蛇纹石纤维,使其无规则填充在砖体结构中,使得墙面砖的强度增大。
(2)将硅藻土基坯体原料置于液压机中,在一定压力下压制成生坯。
(3)将压制成型的生坯放到干燥箱中进行干燥。
(4)将干燥后的生坯置于高温炉中,在一定温度进行焙烧,保温一段时间,然后关炉,自然冷却至室温。
(5)将钨酸铋涂附到(4)中制得的硅藻土砖表面,静置一段时间。
(6)将静置后的硅藻土砖再次放到高温炉中焙烧,控制一定温度焙烧一段时间,然后关炉,自然冷却至室温,得到具有可见光催化性能的高强轻质多孔环保内墙硅藻砖。
作为优选,其中步骤(1)中优选纤蛇纹石纤维占混合总量的2~10%。
作为优选,其中步骤(4)中所述焙烧温度为800~1000℃,保温时间1~3 小时。
作为优选,其中步骤(5)用硝酸铋和钨酸钠为原料制备钨酸铋。
进一步地,在水中将硝酸铋和钨酸钠反应生成钨酸铋,得到均匀的钨酸铋悬浮液,将所述悬浮液涂附到(4)中制得的硅藻土砖表面。
作为优选,其中步骤(5)中,所述静置时间为1~3小时。
作为优选,其中步骤(6)中所述焙烧温度为400~600℃,焙烧时间为1~3 小时
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点:本发明硅藻土墙面砖,由于坯体中的硅藻土具有多级、大量的微孔、介孔、中孔结构,使得原料具有许多优异的特殊性能,例如质轻,吸附性强、隔热保温性好、消除噪音性好等。进一步,本发明由于砖体中的纤蛇纹石纤维具有力学性能优良、热稳定好的特点,使得硅藻土砖强度较高,力学性能好,能够满足轻质砖相关的国家标准。本发明硅藻土墙面砖表层还引入功能性材料钨酸铋,该材料具较好的可见光光催化性能,且催化性能稳定。使得该墙面砖具有长效净化空气能力,并可对室内的甲醛、苯、VOC、氨等有毒有害气体进行可见光催化分解,从而改善室内居住环境,降低危害。同时本发明提供的硅藻砖制备方法相比现有制备方法而言,在相同烧结温度下,本发明制备的硅藻砖强度更高,性能更好。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明提供一种具有可见光催化性能的高强轻质多孔环保内墙硅藻砖及其制备方法,通过添加纤蛇纹石纤维,使其无规则填充在砖体结构中,使得硅藻砖的强度增大;通过使用钨酸铋可见光催化剂代替二氧化钛,使得硅藻土砖的可见光催化性能更好,降解效果更好。
一种具有可见光催化性能的高强轻质多孔环保内墙硅藻砖,所述硅藻砖壁壳上具有大量空隙,且空隙成多级分布,孔径从纳米级到微米级 。所述硅藻砖成分及其占原料总质量百分数分别为硅藻土60~85%、高岭土5~15%、纤蛇纹石纤维2~15%、高分子粘结剂0.1~5%、长石2~5%、光催化剂1~5%。其中采用钨酸铋作为硅藻砖中光催化剂。纤蛇纹石纤维具有力学性能优良、热稳定好等特点,可用于材料增强,因此将其添加到硅藻砖坯体原料中,能够在低温焙烧时提高硅藻砖的力学强度。钨酸铋光催化剂不但具有热稳定与光催化性能稳定、降解效果好、绿色环保等优点。
实施例1:制备具有可见光催化性能的高强轻质多孔环保内墙硅藻砖
将硅藻土、高岭土、纤蛇纹石纤维、高分子粘结剂(选用羟丙基甲基纤维素作为本实施例的高分子粘结剂)、长石(本实施例选用钾长石)按一定质量比混合,其中纤蛇纹石纤维占总量的2%,搅拌均匀,搅拌混合均匀,制备硅藻土基坯体原料;将硅藻土基坯体原料置于液压机中,在一定压力下压制成生坯;将压制成型的生坯放到干燥箱中进行干燥;将干燥后的生坯置于高温炉中,在800℃进行焙烧,保温时间1小时,然后关炉,自然冷却至室温。按1mmol的Bi(NO)3和10ml醋酸的比例,搅拌形成硝酸铋溶液;按0.5mmol的Na2WO4和10ml水的比例,搅拌形成钨酸钠溶液;将钨酸钠溶液加入硝酸铋溶液中,并搅拌均匀生成钨酸铋,将该悬浮液浓缩后均匀涂附到硅藻土砖表面,静置1小时。将静置后的硅藻土砖再次放到高温炉中焙烧,控制温度400℃时间焙烧1小时,然后关炉,自然冷却至室温。即制备成具有可见光催化性能的高强轻质多孔环保内墙硅藻砖,硅藻砖成分及其占原料总质量百分数分别为硅藻土80.5%、高岭土8%、纤蛇纹石纤维2%、高分子粘结剂(羟丙基甲基纤维素)0.5%、长石(钾长石)7%、钨酸铋1%,剩余成分为杂质。
实施例2:制备具有可见光催化性能的高强轻质多孔环保内墙硅藻砖
将硅藻土、高岭土、纤蛇纹石纤维、高分子粘结剂、长石按一定质量比混合,其中纤蛇纹石纤维占总量的4%,搅拌均匀,搅拌混合均匀,制备硅藻土基坯体原料;将硅藻土基坯体原料置于液压机中,在一定压力下压制成生坯;将压制成型的生坯放到干燥箱中进行干燥;将干燥后的生坯置于高温炉中,在950℃进行焙烧,保温时间2小时,然后关炉,自然冷却至室温。按1mmol的Bi(NO)3和10ml醋酸的比例,搅拌形成硝酸铋溶液;按0.5mmol的Na2WO4和10ml水的比例,搅拌形成钨酸钠溶液;将钨酸钠溶液加入硝酸铋溶液中,并搅拌均匀生成钨酸铋,将该悬浮液浓缩后均匀涂附到硅藻土砖表面,静置2小时。将静置后的硅藻土砖再次放到高温炉中焙烧,控制温度500℃时间焙烧2小时,然后关炉,自然冷却至室温。即制备成具有可见光催化性能的高强轻质多孔环保内墙硅藻砖,硅藻砖成分及其占原料总质量百分数分别为硅藻土72%、高岭土14%、纤蛇纹石纤维4%、高分子粘结剂3%、长石3%、钨酸铋3%,剩余成分为杂质。
实施例3:制备具有可见光催化性能的高强轻质多孔环保内墙硅藻砖
将硅藻土、高岭土、纤蛇纹石纤维、高分子粘结剂、长石按一定质量比混合,其中纤蛇纹石纤维占总量的10%,搅拌均匀,搅拌混合均匀,制备硅藻土基坯体原料;将硅藻土基坯体原料置于液压机中,在一定压力下压制成生坯;将压制成型的生坯放到干燥箱中进行干燥;将干燥后的生坯置于高温炉中,在1000℃进行焙烧,保温时间3小时,然后关炉,自然冷却至室温。按1mmol的Bi(NO)3和10ml醋酸的比例,搅拌形成硝酸铋溶液;按0.5mmol的Na2WO4和10ml水的比例,搅拌形成钨酸钠溶液;将钨酸钠溶液加入硝酸铋溶液中,并搅拌均匀生成钨酸铋,将该悬浮液浓缩后均匀涂附到硅藻土砖表面,静置3小时。将静置后的硅藻土砖再次放到高温炉中焙烧,控制温度600℃时间焙烧3小时,然后关炉,自然冷却至室温。即制备成具有可见光催化性能的高强轻质多孔环保内墙硅藻砖,硅藻砖成分及其占原料总质量百分数分别为硅藻土73%、高岭土5%、纤蛇纹石纤维10%、高分子粘结剂5%、长石2%、钨酸铋4%,剩余成分为杂质。
将以上3个实施例得到的内墙硅藻砖与普通硅藻砖(其中无纤蛇纹石纤维)的相关性能进行测试,其结果如下:
纤蛇纹石纤维(%) | 吸水率% | 显气孔率% | 容重g/cm<sup>3</sup> | 抗折强度MPa |
0% | 54.57 | 55.41 | 1.01 | 1.41 |
2% | 45.34 | 50.29 | 1.11 | 7.82 |
4% | 43.24 | 49.01 | 1.13 | 10.89 |
10% | 41.62 | 48.66 | 1.17 | 14.35 |
由上表可知,本发明的硅藻砖抗折强度远远高于现有硅藻砖,而且当纤蛇纹石纤维的含量越高时其内墙硅藻砖强度越高,同时检测其在可见光下5小时内对甲醛等有机气体污染物的降解率为70~90%,具有良好的可见光催化性能。
本发明内墙硅藻砖利用了硅藻土为主基料的优异特殊性能,再通过添加纤蛇纹石纤维、钨酸铋光催化剂,从而提高其力学性能,及实现在可见光下的光催化效果。同时本发明还能产生能够分解室内有毒有害气体,并集调湿、隔热、抗菌、吸音、保温、净化空气及阻燃等功能于一体的新型环保性建材。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征及本发明的优点,本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内,本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (7)
1.一种制备 具有可见光催化性能的高强轻质多孔环保内墙硅藻砖的方法,包括下列步骤:
(1)将硅藻土、高岭土、纤蛇纹石纤维、高分子粘结剂、长石按一定质量比混合,搅拌混合均匀,制备得到硅藻土基坯体原料;
(2)将硅藻土基坯体原料置于液压机中,在一定压力下压制成生坯;
(3)将压制成型的生坯放到干燥箱中进行干燥;
(4)将干燥后的生坯置于高温炉中,在一定温度进行焙烧,保温一段时间,然后关炉,自然冷却至室温;
(5)将钨酸铋涂附到步骤(4)中制得的硅藻土砖表面,静置一段时间;
(6)将静置后的硅藻土砖再次放到高温炉中焙烧,控制一定温度焙烧一段时间,然后关炉,自然冷却至室温,得到具有可见光催化性能的高强轻质多孔环保内墙硅藻砖;所述硅藻砖成分及其占原料总质量百分数分别为硅藻土60~85%、高岭土5~15%、纤蛇纹石纤维2~15%、高分子粘结剂0.1~5%、长石2~5%、光催化剂1~5%;所述光催化剂为钨酸铋,所述钨酸铋分布在所述硅藻砖表面层中;所述硅藻砖在可见光下对有机气体污染物的降解率大于70%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤(1)中优选纤蛇纹石纤维占混合总量的2~10%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤(4)中所述焙烧温度为800~1000℃,保温时间1~3 小时。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤(5)用硝酸铋和钨酸钠为原料制备钨酸铋。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,在水中将硝酸铋和钨酸钠反应生成钨酸铋,得到钨酸铋悬浮液,将所述悬浮液涂附到步骤(4)中制得的硅藻土砖表面。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤(5)中,所述静置时间为1~3小时。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤(6)中所述焙烧温度为400~600℃,焙烧时间为1~3 小时。
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