CN106039443A - 用于流体泵的可膨胀的转动元件 - Google Patents

用于流体泵的可膨胀的转动元件 Download PDF

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CN106039443A
CN106039443A CN201610352087.8A CN201610352087A CN106039443A CN 106039443 A CN106039443 A CN 106039443A CN 201610352087 A CN201610352087 A CN 201610352087A CN 106039443 A CN106039443 A CN 106039443A
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rotating element
cavity
pump
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blade
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CN106039443B (zh
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约尔格·舒马赫
马里奥·谢科尔
亨宁·施利希特
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ECP Entwicklungs GmbH
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/403—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/408—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical, e.g. transmitted by a shaft or cable
    • A61M60/411—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical, e.g. transmitted by a shaft or cable generated by an electromotor
    • A61M60/414—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical, e.g. transmitted by a shaft or cable generated by an electromotor transmitted by a rotating cable, e.g. for blood pumps mounted on a catheter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/181—Axial flow rotors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/126—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
    • A61M60/13—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel by means of a catheter allowing explantation, e.g. catheter pumps temporarily introduced via the vascular system
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/20—Type thereof
    • A61M60/205—Non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/20—Type thereof
    • A61M60/205—Non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/216—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller
    • A61M60/237—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller the blood flow through the rotating member having mainly axial components, e.g. axial flow pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/804—Impellers
    • A61M60/806—Vanes or blades
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/804—Impellers
    • A61M60/806—Vanes or blades
    • A61M60/808—Vanes or blades specially adapted for deformable impellers, e.g. expandable impellers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/818—Bearings
    • A61M60/825—Contact bearings, e.g. ball-and-cup or pivot bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/24—Vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D3/00—Axial-flow pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/126—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
    • A61M60/135—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel inside a blood vessel, e.g. using grafting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/126—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
    • A61M60/148—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel in line with a blood vessel using resection or like techniques, e.g. permanent endovascular heart assist devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/818—Bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/31—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape
    • F05B2240/311—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape flexible or elastic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
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  • Cardiology (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于流体泵(1)的转动元件(2、15)，尤其应用于医疗领域，所述转动元件是可收起的，用以被送到需使用的地方，随后再展开。通过设置腔体(27、28、29)、另外特别是所述转动元件至少部分由泡沫体制造，由此辅助收起能力。

Description

用于流体泵的可膨胀的转动元件
技术领域
本发明属于机械工程领域，尤其是精密工程领域，并且涉及用于流体泵的转动元件。
背景技术
旋转泵是公知常识，但这些泵正在不断地改进，特别是用于特殊应用。因此，已经公知具有转动元件的轴流泵，该转动元件在壳体内沿轴向输送流体，所述转动元件和壳体是可形变的，有利地，是可收起的，以便在操作之前将它们送到难以到达的所需使用地方，并在那里展开并操作。
这种泵例如可以微构造形式用于医疗中，以便例如经由血流引入病人体内，并在血管或心室内操作。
这种泵可被收起，从而它们可以被推进通过血管，然后能够在较大的体腔内展开，以便使转动元件打开并且实现高输送功率。
例如，在US 6 860 713中已知一种可收起的转动元件。
在US 7 393 181 B2中已知另一种转动元件。已知的方案或者基于转动元件材料的弹性和可形变性，或者基于机械构造，例如设置弯曲处或接头以折叠和打开各个元件。
这些构造的缺陷是往往具有有限的收起能力，例如，由于转动元件的轮毂保持不变，所以必须提供在操作过程中被稳定住的复杂接头，并且部分使用超弹性材料，例如，受环境温度的作用而改变其形状的记忆合金。
这些构造往往必须使用复合材料，因此，在支撑构造的制造过程中，很容易阻碍待输送流体的流动，并完全消除对流体的损害是非常困难的。这在输送的血液中含有高功能性和机械敏感性成分时尤为重要。
发明内容
针对本领域的背景技术，本发明的目的是以最简单的方式制造一种转动元件，其具有在构造上简单的结构、而且可逆地高度收起，且操作可靠。
所述目的通过用于流体泵的可收起的转动元件实现，所述转动元件具有至少一个叶片，并具有至少一个可形变的腔体，该腔体中填充有或者能够填充有流体，其中，所述至少一个可形变的腔体是封闭的，并且所述至少一个可形变的腔体至少部分由部分渗透膜界定。
根据本发明的用于流体泵的转动元件具有至少一个叶片以及填充有或者能够填充有流体的至少一个可形变的腔体。
结果，产生转动元件的体积收起能力，这本身已经导致在收起过程中减小了转动元件体积并且能够减小转动元件直径。此外，转动元件的各个组件，例如叶片，仍可以在转动元件轴的方向上弯曲和收起，以便进一步减小直径。
因此，由材料混合物或能够通过收起从第一较低密度或第一较低比重转换成第二较高密度或较高比重的材料使得所述转动元件的特点突出。所述多个腔体因此可是封闭的，并且填充有气体，例如空气或者氮气，或者能够受压力易被压缩的惰性气体或其他生物惰性气体。
这些封闭的腔体在没有外部压力的情况下由于气体弹性再次展开，以使得所述转动元件一进入所需使用的地方后，就能够再次自动打开。而所述打开运动至少由所述气体弹性辅助。
此外，还可以为所述转动元件设置多条气体管线，所述气体管线终止于一个或多个腔体中，并且主动允许所述腔体膨胀。用于收起的气体还能够经由相同的管线被吸出。
类似地，该操作可以利用引入到腔体中的液体实现。如果液体位于所述腔体内，则腔体通常不太会被压缩得很小，但是通过适当选择与旋转元件的其它构造部分相配合的粘度，从而能够具有高运动能力以及压缩能力，但是由于转动元件展开后的不可压缩性，能够在操作过程中支持转动元件具有一定的稳定性。
所述腔体还可以具有开放式设计，因此同样提供了高收起能力。于是界定腔体的材料必须具有相应的弹性构造。例如可以设置开孔泡沫体。
本发明还可以通过由部分渗透膜至少部分界定所述一个或多个腔体而有利地实现。
为此，由开孔泡沫体构成的主体在其外部可被半渗透膜至少部分密封，或者，闭孔泡沫体可以由部分渗透材料构成。通过这些膜，可以分别具体实现材料运输，所述材料运输使得所述一个或多个腔体填充或变空，因此实现或辅助主体的展开/收起。
腔体可以填充有液体，与所使用的膜以及其中能够插入泵的液体(特别是人类血液)的功能相结合，所填充述液体由于渗透作用允许向所述一个或多个腔体中的扩散，这导致压力增加并使转动元件膨胀。
同样地，还可以使用这样的材料用作界定腔体的材料或者作为腔体的填充物：这种材料与待输送液体接触后，由于吸收液体导致溶胀过程，因此借助体积的增加而辅助转动元件的展开。
作为用于界定所述腔体的部分可渗透膜，根据腔体所用的填充材料以及允许通过或阻挡用的材料，可以使用微滤膜(0.5～0.1μm颗粒尺寸)、超滤膜(0.1～0.01μm颗粒尺寸)和纳滤膜(1-10nm)。与颗粒尺寸无关地，基本上可以使用生物膜或合成膜材料，例如，诸如铜仿(Cuprophan)、血仿(Hemophan)或三醋酯纤维的生物材料，诸如聚四氟乙烯(Teflon)或戈尔特克斯(Goretex)合成膜。
合成材料通常具有较高的透水性，并且其本身通常是疏水的。聚砜(polysylphone)、聚酰胺、聚丙烯腈及其共聚物以及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚四氟乙烯和其衍生物可以用作合成材料。
有利地，使用高通量的膜，其允许通过分子量达50,000道尔顿的分子并确保快速材料运输。
有利地，选择能够防治病菌/细菌/微生物污染或感染的材料。
在渗透作用的情况下，所述腔体能够填充有盐或者盐溶液，其盐浓度高于待输送液体的浓度。
有利地，还可以设置成所述腔体的至少主要部分被转动元件的固体材料包围，并且经由开口彼此连接。在这种情况下，在收起过程中，流体运输可以经过所述腔体发生，并且还可以从转动元件流走，从而相应腔体可以很容易地完全收起。
所述转动元件例如可以部分由多孔材料，例如泡沫体，特别是聚氨酯制成。这种泡沫体可以是开孔或闭孔的。在开孔泡沫体的情况下，弹性基于包围多个孔且在收起后自动移回其原始形态的支撑材料，和/或如果开孔泡沫体的主体被不渗透或部分渗透的外层完全包围，则泡沫体的弹性基于填充气体的弹性。由于所述腔体/孔彼此相连处的流动截面受限，因此可以在具体限制范围内选择收起/展开的时间常数。这就确保在泵操作过程中防止由于不规范的机械加载导致转动元件的突然形变。
有利地，本发明还可以提供，所述转动元件具有至少一个腔体，其在第一方向上具有比在与其基本垂直的其他方向上更大的延展性。
设置这种具有恰当定位的各向异性的腔体，还能够使转动元件具有各向异性的机械性能。结果，能够将转动元件设计成以简单的方式并利用很小的力在径向上收起，而不会出现在操作过程中由于待输送流体的动态阻力导致的轻微形变。
在操作过程中，所述转动元件相对于轴向作用的力以及在圆周方向上被稳定，同时对径向收起施加相对小的阻力。
相应腔体的横截面可以配置成例如圆形、六边形、三角形或方形，并例如具有绳股状，从而它们的截面延其长度方向总体基本相同。结果，所产生的对称性起到稳定转动元件的作用。
所述腔体例如特别有利地可以设置在至少一个叶片中，因为所述腔体一方面担负转动元件的最大比例的直径减小，另一方面在操作过程中承受最大的动力。
然而，该叶片可以具有这样的稳固构造：该叶片是自支撑的，甚至可以无需轮毂。这样的叶片例如可以由扁平体构成，其围绕轴以螺旋方式弯曲，特别是由泡沫体制成。例如，为了制造该叶片，可以将聚氨酯泡沫板根据需要切割成平板形状，然后绕轴旋转，接着硬化或变硬。由此既能使叶片的形状稳固，又能提供弹性收起能力。
但是，还可以通过将泡沫体注入到预制模具中来制造这种叶片或者整个转动元件。
本发明还可以使用设有轮毂的转动元件，并且在这种情况下，轮毂本体可以特别地具有根据本发明所述腔体或者至少部分由泡沫体制成。
如果在转动元件中设置各向异性的腔体，则有利的是使所述腔体在操作过程中其稳定度最大的方向沿所述转动元件内产生的力/应力的延长线取向。
例如，诸如蜂窝体的绳股状腔体的纵向轴可以垂直于叶片表面定位，以便支撑力作用在该方向或圆周方向上。
此外，通过用于流体泵的具有至少一个叶片的可收起的转动元件实现了用于制造一种转动元件的目的，该转动元件具有尽可能简单的结构，可高度收起(特别是可逆的)，且操作可靠，所述转动元件被构造成其能够采用收起状态和展开状态，并且转动元件的材料密度在收起状态和展开状态之间的平均变化为至少10％。
由此，作为与现有技术的分界，重要的是：体积变化首先还是由于转动元件的材料密度变化而引起。因此，这里所涉及的不仅仅是弹性形变过程，在弹性形变过程中，转动元件材料的平均密度大致不变。上述的密度变化是“由温度调节”，即，是例如处于36℃的温热的转动元件的密度变化，这是收起状态和展开状态的基础。
为了产生这种密度变化，可以选择本应用中所述的途径。因此考虑可逆的和不可逆的两种方法。这些方法例如是渗透过程，但是还可以是使用开孔或闭孔泡沫体的过程。
转动元件的密度变化无需在所有地方均一致，例如可以是：在轮毂区域或者叶片区域，由于这些地方需要较高的硬度，所以实现密度的较小变化，而在轮毂与叶片之间的虚拟“接头”区域，发生较强收起。
优选地，整个转动元件的密度平均变化还可以更大，例如至少15％，可选择地，至少20％。对于塑料材料，例如，在展开状态密度的起始值是0.01...2g/cm3，在收起状态是0.05...3g/cm3。
本发明除了涉及所需类型的转动元件以外，还涉及具有这种转动元件的流体泵，其中设置有围绕该转动元件的可收起的壳体。
根据本发明，所述壳体可以至少部分也由包含腔体、特别是诸如聚氨酯的泡沫体的材料构成。如此，所述壳体可以与转动元件一起简单地收起和展开。
附图说明
在附图中示出本发明，并随后参考下面的实施例对本发明进行说明。
在附图中：
图1是轴流泵在病人体内使用时的示意图，
图2是泵的部分纵剖面的放大图，
图3是带轮毂的转动元件的三维视图，
图4是不带轮毂的转动元件的三维视图，
图5是具有多个蜂窝状腔体的部分叶片的部分打开(opened-up)示意图，
图6是多孔材料的截面，
图7是多个腔体的可能形状的三维视图，
图8是多个腔体的另一可能形状的三维视图，
图9示出具有多个圆柱形腔体的结构，
图10示出具有最密集排列的多个六边形蜂窝状腔体的结构，
图11示出具有多个八边形蜂窝状间隔以及位于其间的多个腔体的结构。
具体实施方式
图1示出具有转动元件2和壳体3的轴流泵在心室4内部的示意图。
在心室4中，如箭头6所示方向，血液通过开口5被泵1吸入。如箭头8的方向，血液在血管7中再被排出，因此心脏的泵血功能被取代或辅助。
泵1设置在中空导管8的远端，该远端通过血管7插入到心室4内，该中空导管8的近端通过锁件9伸出血管外，最终到达病人体外。
在中空导管8中设有驱动轴10，利用设置在体外的马达11以最大转速，通常为每分钟10,000转以上，激励该驱动轴10。在泵1中，所述转动元件2与轴10连接，并且利用该轴10旋转。
泵1在心室4内的操作期间的直径大于在通过血管7被引入期间的直径。具体地，泵1可以具有比血管的内径更大的直径。
为了从体内移走泵，泵再次被收起，并通过锁件9缩回。
图2示意性地示出了所述泵的放大图，其中示出中空导管8的端部的下部区域具有收起漏斗状物12。
轴10延伸通过中空导管8，并且可旋转地安装在所述泵的壳体3的近端处的轴承13中。该轴承可以被设计成具有抗张力的构造，从而使泵的壳体3可以在轴10的方向上缩回到收起漏斗状物12内的至少一定距离，且因此，同时在径向上是可收起的。也可以利用延伸通过该中空导管的其他绳使壳体可缩回。
轴10与转动元件15的轮毂体14连接，该轮毂本体14部分直接或经由轴伸部16安装在所述泵的壳体3的远端上，并且在第二轴承17中也可旋转。该轴承也可具有抗张力构造，以便利用轴10和转动元件15将张力传递到壳体。
安装件17固定在所述泵的壳体3的支撑构造18中，该支撑构造具有足够大的开口以允许血液或其他体液流向转动元件。
用19标示出泵的壳体的前轮廓，该前轮廓具有整齐的栅状构造，一方面，避免在泵碰撞到机体组织时与转动元件直接接触，另一方面，在抽吸过程中避免吸入较大颗粒。
当引入泵时，首先，所述泵的壳体3和转动元件15可在径向上大幅收起，且在中空导管8的远端处安装在中空导管8中。在引入心室中后，可以利用轴将泵推出导管8一定距离并因弹性作用自动打开。由此，所述泵的壳体3同时打开到所示直径，多个叶片20远离轮毂本体14竖起，并且从旋转轴21上移开。
可选择地或还经由轴10以及利用另外的绳22、23的推力运动来实现将泵1从中空导管8推出，所述绳在所述中空导管中或中空导管上被贴近地引导，因此允许张力运动和压力运动。这些绳22、23可以固定在病人身体外近端的操作环上，从外部可以推拉这些绳。这些绳可以被引导接近中空导管的外部并在引导中能够在中空导管的外部进行轴向移动。
所述泵的壳体3可以包括开孔泡沫体或闭孔泡沫体，因此具有弹性构造。但是，也可以在此处提供多个较大的腔体，它们例如利用在近端与储气池或泵连接的软管24吸出流体或填充流体，以便收起或打开/展开该泵。
利用壳体的收起运动，转动元件15也因其上受到的轴向压力而收起。但是，转动元件也可以通过从相应腔体吸出流体而自动收起，或者通过这种作用至少可以辅助其收起。
但是，相应的收起和展开效果还可以仅通过将泵推出中空导管并将其插入到收起连接管12中来实现。
在图3中显示了具有圆周叶片25的转动元件的三维视图，转动元件和叶片能够制造成一个工件，例如，由诸如聚氨酯构成的泡沫材料制成。可选择地或附加地，还提供多个较大腔体，尤其在轮毂中，也可以在叶片25中。
图4示出叶片26是自支撑的，例如，其由泡沫体构成，并且具有无轮毂设计。该叶片26例如被切成平板材料并绕纵向轴21远近端互换地旋转，以便形成相应的螺旋状。例如，这种叶片可由泡沫体构成，相应地切成平板泡沫材料，接着形成螺旋状，随后被加热，以便在冷却后使螺旋状稳固。这样，主体便足够稳固以在泵操作过程中保持所需的形状，而又能够在被施加相应的收起力时径向收起。
在图5中，示意性地示出了叶片26的截面，其中多个蜂窝状腔体27其纵向轴33垂直于叶片表面，并具有六边形构造的横截面。借此，会产生很强的各向异性的稳定性，这导致如下情况：叶片在垂直于其输送表面的方向上以及圆周方向上对流体施加很大的力，而无明显形变，但是叶片在相对于其旋转轴方向的径向力的作用下更易收起。
取代多个蜂窝状腔体27，还可以想到横截面形状不同的其他腔体，如图7～11中所示。图7示出了多个立方体腔体的横截面，图8示出了成绳股状(strand shape)排列的具有圆形立方体状的多个腔体的横截面，图9示出了多个圆柱形腔体的横截面，图10示出了最密集排列的多个六边形蜂窝状腔体的横截面，并且图11示出了分散排列的其间具有方形间隔的多个八边形蜂窝状腔体的横截面。
在例如所示的轮毂本体中，这些腔体例如通过其纵向轴在相对于轮毂的旋转轴21的圆周方向上对齐。
图6放大地示出泡沫体32的显微表示，该泡沫体32具有闭孔28、29，在变例(腔体28)中，所设置的这些孔之间的壁的材料使用半透膜。这种膜允许特殊液体扩散，例如可用于渗透作用。如果多个腔体/孔28例如填充有溶解了高浓度盐的液体，并且如果将该泡沫体放入具有较低溶液浓度的液体中，则这种结合的相互作用趋向于使得这两种液体的浓度彼此接近，使得溶剂从外部通过膜30扩散进入腔体28的内部。结果，产生增加的渗透压，并且该渗透压可用于使腔体28膨胀成虚线所示的形状。结果，能够使该泡沫体膨胀和变硬。
这种作用还可特别用于转动元件主体中的较大腔体。可选择地，还可以利用溶胀过程使转动元件展开。
图中显示出与腔体29连接的软管31，以符号化表示相应的多个腔体还可以经由单独的或共同的供给线填充有流体，或者将该流体从腔体中吸出，以便控制相应的展开/收起操作。
因此，本发明制造一种可高度收起的转动元件，可以使用在其他地方已广泛使用的材料制造该转动元件，这些材料在医疗领域内已进行过深度测试。不但具有高度收起的能力，而且还能确保相应流体泵的可靠运行。
本发明的主题尤其涉及下述方面：
1、用于流体泵的可收起的转动元件，具有至少一个叶片，并具有至少一个可形变的腔体，该腔体中填充有或者能够填充有流体，其特征在于，一个或多个所述腔体至少部分由部分渗透膜界定。
2、根据上述方面1所述的转动元件，其特征在于，所述一个或多个腔体是封闭的。
3、根据上述方面1或2所述的转动元件，其特征在于，所述至少一个腔体填充有液体，该液体在所述膜以及能够供泵插入的液体(具体为血液)的共同作用下，造成向所述腔体中渗透扩散，从而使压力相应的增大。
4、根据上述方面1至3中任一所述的转动元件，其特征在于，一部分所述腔体被转动元件的固体材料包围，并且经由开口与外部连接，和/或所述腔体彼此连接。
5、根据上述任一方面所述的转动元件，其特征在于，所述转动元件至少一部分由多孔材料、具体为泡沫体构成。
6、根据上述任一方面所述的转动元件，其特征在于，所述至少一个腔体在第一方向上具有比在与其基本垂直的其他方向上更大的延展性。
7、根据上述方面6所述的转动元件，其特征在于，所述一个或多个腔体的横截面被配置成圆形或多边形，具体为八边形、六边形、三角形或方形。
8、根据上述方面6或7所述的转动元件，其特征在于，所述一个或多个腔体具有绳股状。
9、根据上述方面7或8所述的转动元件，其特征在于，所述腔体在操作过程中被定位在所述转动元件内产生的压力方向上，朝向其稳定度最大的方向，具体为其纵向轴的方向。
10、根据上述任一方面所述的转动元件，其特征在于，所述一个或多个腔体设置在至少一个叶片中。
11、根据上述任一方面所述的转动元件，其特征在于，所述叶片被配置成自支撑式且不具有轮毂。
12、根据上述方面1至11中任一所述的转动元件，其特征在于，所述一个或多个腔体设置在轮毂本体中。
13、具有根据上述方面1至12中任一所述的转动元件的流体泵，其特征在于，设置有围绕所述转动元件的可收起的壳体。
14、根据上述方面13所述的流体泵，其特征在于，至少部分所述壳体由包含腔体、具体为泡沫体的材料构成。
15、用于流体泵的可收起的转动元件，具有至少一个叶片，所述转动元件被构造成其能够采用收起状态和展开状态，并且转动元件的材料密度在收起状态和展开状态之间的平均变化为至少10％。

Claims (10)

1.用于流体泵的可收起的转动元件，具有至少一个叶片，并具有至少一个可形变的腔体，所述转动元件被构造成能够通过材料密度的变化而收起和展开。
2.根据权利要求1所述的转动元件，其特征在于，所述转动元件的材料能够通过收起从第一较低密度或第一较低比重转换成第二较高密度或较高比重。
3.根据权利要求1所述的转动元件，其特征在于，所述至少一个可形变的腔体是封闭的，并且填充有气体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的转动元件，其特征在于，所述气体为空气或者氮气，或者能够受压力易被压缩的惰性气体或其他生物惰性气体。
5.根据权利要求4所述的转动元件，其特征在于，所述至少一个可形变的腔体在没有外部压力的情况下由于气体弹性展开。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的转动元件，其特征在于，提供多条气体管线到所述转动元件，所述气体管线终止于一个或多个腔体中。
7.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的转动元件，其特征在于，所述转动元件的材料密度在收起状态和展开状态之间的平均变化为至少10％。
8.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的转动元件，其特征在于，所述转动元件的材料密度的变化不是在所有地方均一致的。
9.具有根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的转动元件的流体泵，其特征在于，设置有围绕该转动元件的可收起的壳体。
10.根据权利要求9所述的流体泵，其特征在于，至少部分所述壳体由包含腔体、具体为泡沫体的材料构成。
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CN106039443B (zh) 2019-06-18
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WO2011035929A3 (en) 2011-05-19
EP2299119B1 (de) 2018-11-07
WO2011035929A2 (en) 2011-03-31
US9416783B2 (en) 2016-08-16
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US20230003227A1 (en) 2023-01-05
EP2299119A1 (de) 2011-03-23
CN106063952A (zh) 2016-11-02
US11421701B2 (en) 2022-08-23
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US20200088207A1 (en) 2020-03-19
US20160348688A1 (en) 2016-12-01
US11773861B2 (en) 2023-10-03
CN102639874B (zh) 2016-06-22
DK3441616T3 (da) 2023-05-30
US20240052845A1 (en) 2024-02-15
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CN102639874A (zh) 2012-08-15

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