CN106037682A - Cattle body temperature monitoring method - Google Patents

Cattle body temperature monitoring method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106037682A
CN106037682A CN201610511696.3A CN201610511696A CN106037682A CN 106037682 A CN106037682 A CN 106037682A CN 201610511696 A CN201610511696 A CN 201610511696A CN 106037682 A CN106037682 A CN 106037682A
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China
Prior art keywords
temperature
cattle
processor
data
detection device
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王栋
蔡勇
寇红祥
陈晓丽
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Institute of Animal Science of CAAS
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Institute of Animal Science of CAAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/01—Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
    • A61B5/015—By temperature mapping of body part
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0004—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by the type of physiological signal transmitted
    • A61B5/0008—Temperature signals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0015—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by features of the telemetry system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
    • A61B5/6828—Leg
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
    • A61D17/00—Devices for indicating trouble during labour of animals ; Methods or instruments for detecting pregnancy-related states of animals
    • A61D17/002—Devices for indicating trouble during labour of animals ; Methods or instruments for detecting pregnancy-related states of animals for detecting period of heat of animals, i.e. for detecting oestrus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
    • A61D17/00—Devices for indicating trouble during labour of animals ; Methods or instruments for detecting pregnancy-related states of animals
    • A61D17/006—Devices for indicating trouble during labour of animals ; Methods or instruments for detecting pregnancy-related states of animals for detecting pregnancy of animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
    • A61D17/00—Devices for indicating trouble during labour of animals ; Methods or instruments for detecting pregnancy-related states of animals
    • A61D17/008—Devices for indicating trouble during labour of animals ; Methods or instruments for detecting pregnancy-related states of animals for detecting birth of animals, e.g. parturition alarm
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2503/00—Evaluating a particular growth phase or type of persons or animals
    • A61B2503/40—Animals

Abstract

The invention provides a cattle body temperature monitoring method. The method comprises a step of detecting temperature (body surface temperature) of a cattle leg plantar part by virtue of a cattle body temperature monitoring system, so that cattle rectum temperature is obtained, wherein the cattle body temperature monitoring system comprises at least one data detection device, a data acquisition device which is connected to the data detection device and an upper computer which is connected to the data acquisition device; the data detection device is in charge of detecting cattle leg plantar temperature data and transmitting the cattle leg plantar temperature data to the data acquisition device, and the data acquisition device is used for transmitting the cattle leg plantar temperature data to the upper computer; a mixed linear model of the plantar temperature of the cattle rectum temperature is stored in the upper computer; and the cattle rectum temperature is obtained as the mixed linear model runs in the upper computer.

Description

A kind of monitoring method of cattle body temperature
This application claims the priority of the Chinese patent application 201510382882.7 submitted on July 2nd, 2015, led to Cross and be incorporated herein by reference.
Technical field
The present invention relates to livestock-raising field, be specifically related to the monitoring method of a kind of cattle body temperature.
Background technology
Body temperature is the physical signs that body is important, and under normal circumstances, Niu Tiwen can be in the range of relative constancy, with physiology Activity change forms certain regularity change (Cooper-Prado et al.2011), such as oestruses, ovulate, gestation and giving a birth Deng.But, in the practice of cattle temperature check, major part cattle farm the most still uses mercury clinical thermometer to carry out rectum thermometric, should Method temperature measuring efficiency is low, easily causes cattle disease cross transmission, and can not obtain the temperature data of every cattle the most in real time, needs Manpower the most more, time and effort consuming, the management that can not meet far away modern scale pasture requires (Zhu Xiangyu, 2013).Along with The development of biosensor technique, wireless sensor technology has been applied to milch cow body surface thermometric, and has achieved one by Systems in Certain Developed Countries Fixed achievement in research.Bligh etc. propose wireless telemetry technique applies to the conception that animal heat measures for 1974 first (Bligh et al.1974)；(the Kyle et al.1998 such as Kyle etc. and Suthar；Suthar et al.2011) milch cow Vagina is implanted containing temperature acquisition, the bar-shaped wireless remote-measuring system of radio receiving equipment, examines milch cow vaginal temperature in real time Survey；(the Raul et al.2006 such as Raul etc. and Miranda；Miranda et al.2009) will be with perineum muscular tissue without row Scold the radio temperature sensor of reaction, implant milch cow muscle of perineum, detect perineal position temperature, carry out detection of oestrus；AlZahal Deng with (the AlZahal et al.2009,2010 such as Edouard；Edouard et al.2011) pass through esophagus respectively by radio Cud ball puts into cud, detects cow rumen variations in temperature, and result shows, radio cud ball can effectively detect in Contents in Cows Variations in temperature.
Though said method has reached thermometric purpose to some extent, but cud ball or subcutaneous implantation all can be to milch cows Cause certain injury, all do not meet animal welfare requirement.In recent years, infrared measurement of temperature is constantly used for the measurement of pig shell temperature, so And effect is the most highly desirable, it is impossible to Instructing manufacture is applied.The development of modern medicine, has promoted body surface temperature changing regularity Further investigation, and achieve certain phase achievement, but, Niu Tibiao is more by hair, and the body surface exposed without hair is less, And detecting very inconvenient, shell temperature research report is less, only see about heat stress (warm on the impact of milch cow shell temperature Refined clever, 2011) studying on a small quantity with breast district's surface temperature change and mastitis relation (Metzner et al.2014) etc., these are tied Fruit disclosed the relation of component environment factor and body surface individual sites temperature and segment pathology phenomenon, the most deeply discloses body surface Relation between temperature and body temperature (anus temperature) and Changing Pattern thereof, enough go deep into system to cattle shell temperature Changing Pattern shortage and grind Study carefully.Research to cattle shell temperature Changing Pattern needs cattle body temperature carries out the most uninterrupted measurement, but milch cow body surface is thick Thick hair covers, and body surface is less without hair position, and body surface contact temperature-measuring is affected by ambient temperature and is difficult to more greatly antimer The real conditions of temperature, additionally, the body temperature that the problem that detection device is difficult to fix also measures cattle for accurate continuous print brings inconvenience.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a kind of result accurate, the cattle temperature monitoring method that information gathering is easy.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome defect present in prior art, it is provided that a kind of accurate, continuous print Niu Tiwen prison Survey method.
The invention provides the monitoring method of a kind of cattle body temperature, the method includes utilizing cattle Thermometer System to the bracket sole of the foot The temperature in portion carries out detecting thus obtains cattle rectal temperature；
Wherein, described cattle Thermometer System includes: at least one data detection device, with described data detection device even The data acquisition unit connect, the host computer being connected with described data acquisition unit；Described data detection device detection bracket sole of the foot portion Temperature data, and it is sent to described data acquisition unit, described bracket sole of the foot portion temperature data is sent by described data acquisition unit To described host computer；In host computer, storage has the mixed linear model of sole of the foot portion temperature and cattle rectal temperature, and host computer is by running Described mixed linear model obtains cattle rectal temperature；
Wherein, described mixed linear model as shown in model 1,
Model 1:Y=a+X0b0+Xsbs+Xtbt+Xibi+e；
In model 1, Y is rectal temperature, X0For bracket sole of the foot portion temperature, XsFor design matrix in season, bsFor XsNonrandom ginseng Number vector；XtFor time design matrix, b0For X0Regression coefficient, btFor XtNonrandom parameter vector；XiFor individual design square Battle array, biFor XiRandom parameter vector；A represents intercept, and e is random vector error.
Optionally, described data detection device is fixed on os sesamoideum phalangis primae top position, metatarsal bottom, bracket sole of the foot portion.
Described host computer brings sole of the foot portion temperature and the detection time point of detection into described mixed linear model, calculates and obtains cattle Rectal temperature.
Optionally, described data detection device includes: for detect the temperature sensor of bracket sole of the foot portion temperature data, first Processor and zigbee communication module；Described temperature sensor is connected with described first processor, described first processor and institute State zigbee communication module to connect.
Optionally, described data acquisition unit includes mobile collection device, wireless collection device and wired harvester；
Described mobile collection device is connected with described data detection device and described host computer respectively, and described wireless collection device divides Not being connected with described data detection device and described wired harvester, described wired harvester is connected with described host computer.
Optionally, described mobile collection device includes: zigbee communication module, the second processor and CAN；
Described zigbee communication module is connected with described second processor, described second processor and described CAN communication mould Block connects.
Optionally, described wireless collection device includes zigbee communication module, the 3rd processor and radio-frequency module；
Described zigbee communication module is connected with described 3rd processor, and described 3rd processor is with described radio-frequency module even Connect.
Optionally, described wired harvester includes zigbee communication module, fourth processor, radio-frequency module and CAN communication Module；
Described radio frequency unit is connected with described fourth processor, and described zigbee communication module is with described fourth processor even Connecing, described fourth processor is connected with described CAN.
Optionally, described host computer includes CAN and central processing unit；Described CAN with described in Central processor connects.
Present invention also offers the method for the present invention application in cattle organism physiology situation detects.
Described cattle organism physiology situation includes oestrusing, ovulates, gestation, childbirth, disease.
Utilize the Niu Tiwen that method provided by the present invention detection obtains compared with true temperature, respectively correct temperature and rectum The average of temperature gap absolute number reaches 0.104 DEG C, and the absolute value of 90% data difference is less than 0.2 DEG C, and SAS9.3 is poor Find after different significance analysis, shell temperature after correction and between true rectal temperature difference notable (p ＞ 0.05).
Method choice bracket sole of the foot portion provided by the present invention is detection site, and with the use of being fixed on bracket portion Temperature check system, it is achieved that cattle temperature data gathers automatically, also provided is by bracket sole of the foot portion temperature computation cattle rectum The mixed linear model of temperature, provides data support for production activities such as the health status of cattle, detection of oestrus.
Method provided by the present invention can significantly reduce cost of labor and put into, and can realize round-the-clock inspection in 24 hours Survey, it is to avoid because the temperature detection dead angle (such as night, non-interesting phase) under artificial daily schedule system, for high yield Niu Shengli shape The early warning of prediction and the disease in good time of state provides technical foundation, is not only expected to realize the liberation of manpower, is also aquaculture Realize fine-grained management to provide the foundation data and hardware facility.The physiology such as the present invention oestruses for further investigation cattle, gestation, childbirth State and heating, poisoning etc. provide technical support with the pathological state Temperature changing rule of variations in temperature disease.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation of a kind of cattle Thermometer System that Fig. 1 provides for one embodiment of the invention；
The structural representation of a kind of cattle Thermometer System that Fig. 2 provides for another embodiment of the present invention；
The structural representation of the data detection device that Fig. 3 provides for another embodiment of the present invention；
The structural representation of the mobile collection device that Fig. 4 provides for another embodiment of the present invention；
The structural representation of the wireless collection device that Fig. 5 provides for another embodiment of the present invention；
The structural representation of wired harvester that Fig. 6 provides for another embodiment of the present invention
The structural representation of a kind of host computer that Fig. 7 provides for the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the Bland Altman figure of body surface temperature measuring equipment and mercurial thermometer thermometric consistency analysis；
Fig. 9 compares with true temperature for temperature after correction.
Detailed description of the invention
The detailed description of the invention of the present invention will be described in detail below.It should be appreciated that it is described herein Detailed description of the invention is merely to illustrate and explains the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.
The invention provides the monitoring method of a kind of cattle body temperature, the method includes utilizing cattle Thermometer System to the bracket sole of the foot The temperature in portion carries out detecting thus obtains cattle rectal temperature；
Wherein, described cattle Thermometer System includes: at least one data detection device, with described data detection device even The data acquisition unit connect, the host computer being connected with described data acquisition unit；Described data detection device detection bracket sole of the foot portion Temperature data, and it is sent to described data acquisition unit, described bracket sole of the foot portion temperature data is sent by described data acquisition unit To described host computer；In host computer, storage has the mixed linear model of sole of the foot portion temperature and cattle rectal temperature, and host computer is by running Described mixed linear model obtains cattle rectal temperature；
Wherein, described mixed linear model as shown in model 1,
Model 1:Y=a+X0b0+Xsbs+Xtbt+Xibi+e；
In model 1, Y is rectal temperature, X0For bracket sole of the foot portion temperature, XsFor design matrix in season, bsFor XsNonrandom ginseng Number vector；XtFor time design matrix, b0For X0Regression coefficient, btFor XtNonrandom parameter vector；XiFor individual design square Battle array, biFor XiRandom parameter vector；A represents intercept, and e is random vector error.
Minute point refers to that 24 hours every days carried out shell temperature detection, starts to carry out successively detecting time point from 1 Counting.
In method provided by the present invention, described bracket sole of the foot portion is cattle back leg sole of the foot portion, and this is owing to back leg fixes equipment Cattle face can be reduced and tear the equipment damage caused, also avoid cattle when only couching, to adopt temperature equipment simultaneously and make because being worn on foreleg Cattle foreleg is injured.
In the case of You Xuan, described data detection device is fixed on os sesamoideum phalangis primae top position, metatarsal bottom, bracket sole of the foot portion.
In method provided by the present invention, described method includes apparatus for testing body temperature is fixed on bracket sole of the foot portion, and 24 is little Time detect temperature data in real time, detection 2-10 time the most automatically.
As it is shown in figure 1, the cattle Thermometer System used in embodiment 1 includes:
At least one data detection device 11, the data acquisition unit 12 being connected with data detection device 11, with data acquisition The host computer 13 that acquisition means 12 connects；
Wherein, data detection device 11 detects bracket sole of the foot portion temperature data, and is sent to data acquisition unit 12, data acquisition Described activity data are sent to host computer 13 by acquisition means 12.
Data detection device 11 is used for obtaining bracket sole of the foot portion temperature data, the data of acquisition is sent to data acquisition simultaneously Device 12, data acquisition unit 12 receives bracket sole of the foot portion's temperature data and the data received is sent to host computer 13, on Position machine 13 is according to receiving bracket sole of the foot portion temperature data, and host computer can store the sole of the foot portion temperature of detection acquisition and detect accordingly Time point, host computer obtains cattle rectal temperature by running described mixed linear model, carries out the health status of cattle, oestrus etc. Identify.
Specifically, as it is shown on figure 3, data detection device 11 includes: for detecting the temperature of bracket sole of the foot portion temperature data Sensor 31, first processor 32 and zigbee communication module 33.
Wherein, temperature sensor 31 is connected with first processor 32, and described first processor 32 communicates with described zigbee Module 33 connects.
In one embodiment of the invention, data detection device 11 also includes that power supply 34, power supply 34 and first process Device 32 connects, for powering to first processor 32.
Wherein, temperature sensor 31 is contact temperature-measuring sensor, is installed on bracket sole of the foot portion, is used for gathering bracket sole of the foot portion temperature Degrees of data.
Wherein, first processor is MSP430xxx processor.
It should be understood that data detection device 11 is arranged in the closed enclosure with waterproof, antidetonation, be worn on the bracket sole of the foot Portion；The temperature-sensitive end of temperature sensor 31 is exposed to the surface that closed enclosure is close to Corii Bovis seu Bubali skin, it is ensured that temperature probe is close to skin Meanwhile, the isolation external environment impact on body temperature.Power supply 34 is rechargeable coin lithium ion battery, and voltage is 3.6V, 120mAH, often The power supply 34 of individual data detection device 11 is made up of 3 cell parallels.
In one embodiment of the invention, as in figure 2 it is shown, data acquisition unit 12 includes mobile collection device 121, nothing Line harvester 122 and wired harvester 123；
Wherein, described mobile collection device 121 is connected with described data detection device 11 and described host computer 13 respectively, described Wireless collection device 122 is connected with described data detection device 11 and described wired harvester 123 respectively, described wired harvester 123 are connected with described host computer 13.
As shown in Figure 4, described mobile collection device 121 includes: zigbee communication module the 41, second processor 42 and CAN leads to Letter module 43；
Described zigbee communication module 41 is connected with described second processor 42, described second processor 42 and described CAN Communication module 43 connects.
As can be seen here, mobile collection device 121 is communicated with the zigbee of data detection device by zigbee communication module 41 Module 33 connects.
As it is shown in figure 5, described wireless collection device 122 includes zigbee communication module the 51, the 3rd processor 52 and radio frequency mould Block 53；
Described zigbee communication module 51 is connected with described 3rd processor 52, described 3rd processor 52 and described radio frequency Module 53 connects.
As can be seen here, wireless collection device 122 is communicated with the zigbee of data detection device by zigbee communication module 51 Module 33 connects.
As shown in Figure 6, described wired harvester 123 includes zigbee communication module 61, fourth processor 62, radio-frequency module 63 and CAN 64；
Described radio frequency unit 63 is connected with described fourth processor 62, and described zigbee communication module 61 is with described the everywhere Reason device 62 connects, and described fourth processor 62 is connected with described CAN 64.
As can be seen here, wired harvester 123 is connected by the radio-frequency communication module 53 of radio frequency unit 63 with wireless collection device 122 Connect.
It should be understood that above-mentioned second processor the 42, the 3rd processor 52 and fourth processor 62 are STM32xxx Processor；Radio-frequency module 53 and radio-frequency module 63 are 433MHZ radio-frequency module,
Wired harvester 123 is fixed on milking parlour entrance or exit, the automatic data collection when cattle only passes through, which Communication is stable, and capacity of resisting disturbance is strong；Wireless collection device 122 can realize mutual networking between harvester, number between each harvester According to mutually transmission, it is achieved the full-time collection of data；Mobile collection device 121 mainly a kind of collection side based on mobile Internet The data of collection are radioed to host computer 13 by cell-phone customer terminal by formula.
As it is shown in fig. 7, host computer 13 includes CAN 71 and central processing unit 72；
Described CAN 71 is connected with described central processing unit 72.Host computer passes through CAN and data acquisition Acquisition means 12 connects.
It should be understood that host computer 13 also includes the Database Unit not shown in Fig. 7 and client unit, client list Unit realizes collecting and logging data library unit of data.
For example, Database Unit energy real-time storage is from the data of data detection device 11, and Database Unit Display interface has zoom function, it is possible to demonstrate nearest random time section easily in the same page, as 10 days, 1 month, The data cases waited for 2 months, Database Unit also can collect the cattle number of elements changed greatly according to being ranked up showing to every day simultaneously Show, for cattle farm policymaker.
Embodiment
Below will the present invention is described in detail by embodiment.It will be appreciated that providing of following example is only In order to play descriptive purpose, it is not used to the scope of the present invention is limited.Those skilled in the art without departing substantially from In the case of spirit of the invention and spirit, the present invention can be carried out various amendment and replacement.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment utilizes method provided by the present invention to monitor Niu Tiwen for explanation.
1 MATERIALS METHODS
1.1 test periods and place
Respectively at (2 to 10 February winter in 2014；Winter, Win.), (2 to 10 June in summer；Summer, Sum.), (2 to 10 October in autumn；Autumn, Aut.) three seasons, carry out in cattle farm, Shijiazhuang, Hebei shell temperature with Rectal temperature measures, because spring and Autumn Climate conditional likelihood, so, only select carry out temperature measuring analysis, with generation autumn Table spring and autumn measures effect.
1.2 experimental animals and feeding and management thereof
Randomly select respectively each season 7 health, two tires in 60 to 90 days puerperal normally can numerous Simmental as reality Test cattle；Test Niu Caiyong dissipate bar raise, full-automatic TMR Diet, every day respectively 2:00,6:00,12:00,18:00, 22:00 throws in feedstuff, ensures free choice feeding and cleaning drinking-water.
1.3 temperature measuring equipments and test with correction
Use Thermometer System provided by the present invention.
For making experimental result accurate science, before test, 7 body surface temperature-detecting devices are placed in calorstat every time, carry out Test experiments.First setting calorstat temperature and rise to 40 DEG C (every 0.5h heats up 1 DEG C) from 30 DEG C, the every 0.5h of temperature measuring equipment surveys automatically Temperature is once.During test, adhesive tape is used to be fixed on by mercurial thermometer inside calorstat glass door, at automatic temperature measurement time point, Read simultaneously and record constant temperature the temperature inside the box that mercurial thermometer shows.This test experiments is in triplicate, it was demonstrated that shell temperature is certainly Dynamic mensuration system accurately and reliably after, carry out follow-up shell temperature and automatically determine experiment.
1.4 shell temperatures and the collection of body temperature
Trial test: formal test starts a few days ago, detects device by shell temperature (surface temperature, ST) Be tightly fastened in experiment cattle back leg hoof wrist (i.e. cattle back leg sole of the foot portion), and by thermometric interval be set as half an hour, every 4 hours with Data acquisition unit collects a temperature data；Carry out equipment debugging according to temperature acquisition result, carry out testing Niu Shiying simultaneously Property training.After equipment thermometric normal table, test Niu Shiying, carry out formal test.
Formal test: automatic TME continues to continue to use thermometric half an hour of preliminary trial period and arranges, continuous temperature measurement 3 days；Data Detection device 11 detects bracket sole of the foot portion temperature data, and is sent to data acquisition unit 12, and data acquisition unit 12 is by described work Momentum data are sent to host computer 13, and host computer calculates cattle rectal temperature, model 1:Y=a+ by running mixed linear model 1 X0b0+Xsbs+Xtbt+Xibi+e；(model variation be construed to 0.562, in model 1, Y is rectal temperature, X0For bracket sole of the foot portion temperature Degree, XsFor design matrix in season, bsFor XsNonrandom parameter vector；XtFor time design matrix, b0For X0Regression coefficient, bt For XtNonrandom parameter vector；XiFor individual design matrix, biFor XiRandom parameter vector；A represents intercept, e be at random to Amount error, the value of each coefficient is shown in Table 1).Obtaining rectal temperature, this rectal temperature is to be obtained by detection sole of the foot portion temperature.
Meanwhile, use mercury clinical thermometer, every 2 hours measure single test cattle rectal temperature (rectal temperature, RT).When measuring rectal temperature, first will test Niu Baoding, and after it is had a rest 10 minutes, thermometer be inserted rectum, take after 5 minutes Going out thermometer, read data, every cattle gathers the rectal temperature data of 12 time points, also continuous temperature measurement 3 days every day altogether.
The value of each coefficient in table 1 model
2 results and analysis
The test analysis of 2.1 shell temperature detection devices
Laboratory test results shows, when calorstat temperature changes in the range of 30～40 DEG C, and the mensuration of 7 detection devices Result there occurs synchronization change, and difference is not notable, and automatic temperature measurement result is strong correlation (R with actual temperature in calorstat2: 0.9987).The Bland Altman figure that temperature-measuring results concordance goldstandard analysis obtains shows, the difference between 7 temperature measuring equipments It is only 0 ± 0.07 DEG C (95% confidence interval is-0.22～0.22 DEG C, Fig. 8), is negligible.The accurate of this device is described Property and stability preferable, can be used for the research of follow-up shell temperature.
Season of 2.2 shell temperatures and rectal temperature and measure daily variation analysis
Shell temperature shows with rectal temperature statistic analysis result (table 2,3), and rectal temperature amplitude of variation is less, each season Between, respectively measure the most all without significant difference (p ＞ 0.05), illustrate under physiological condition, rectal temperature substantially constant.Each mensuration is in the daytime Shell temperature (table 3) difference is not the most notable (p ＞ 0.05), illustrates that automatic TME performance is relatively stable.But, it is different from straight Intestinal temperature, hoof wrist shell temperature measurement result calendar variation is notable (p ＜ 0.05), and wherein, summer temp is the highest, winter temperature Minimum, the measurement result in each season is all substantially less than rectal temperature measurement result (p ＜ 0.05).
Table 2 shell temperature and rectal temperature statistic analysis result
Unit: DEG C
Note: A, B, C represent the significance of difference of colleague's data, alphabetical identical person represents that difference is not notable (p ＞ 0.05), word Female difference person represents significant difference (p ＜ 0.05)；
Table 3 catalog of celestial bodies temperature in identical season three and rectal temperature situation
Note: A, B, C represent that the significance of difference of same column data, alphabetical identical person represent that difference is not notable (p ＞ 0.05), word Female difference person represents significant difference (p ＜ 0.05)；
The daily variations analysis of 2.3 shell temperatures and rectal temperature
Table 4 shell temperature and rectal temperature statistical analysis round the clock
Note: A, B represent that the significance of difference of same column data, alphabetical identical person represent that difference is not notable (p ＞ 0.05), letter Difference person represents significant difference (p ＜ 0.05)；
Experiment cattle Various Seasonal each minute point temperature curve (Fig. 9) shows with statistic analysis result (table 4), body surface temperature Spending and affected notable by time factor and present obvious diurnal and nocturnal changes, 5:00 to 7:00 is the minimum in a day, subsequently by Edge up height, reaches the peak of a day, be gradually lowered subsequently to about 13:00 to 15:00, until minimum temperature.Rectal temperature Amplitude of variation is less, but Changing Pattern is similar to.
The rectal temperature (true temperature) of each detection time point is obtained by sole of the foot portion temperature with same detection time point The mapping of rectal temperature (i.e. correcting temperature) meansigma methods, result as shown in Figure 9: Fig. 9 show, by measuring the acquisition of sole of the foot portion temperature Correction temperature and true rectal temperature closely, all presented regular day-night change within one day, each correction temperature with The average of rectal temperature difference absolute number is 0.104 DEG C, and the absolute value of 90% data difference is less than 0.2 DEG C, and this plan is described Close equation to be combined with this temp measuring system, comparatively ideal temperature-measuring results can be obtained.And find after the analysis of the SAS9.3 significance of difference, Shell temperature after correction and between true rectal temperature difference notable (p ＞ 0.05), illustrate that the method is managed after correcting The effect thought, the most also explanation utilizes method provided by the present invention can obtain rectal temperature by cattle sole of the foot portion temperature.
Comparative example 1
Only select 19 healthy cattle, use portable infrared radiation thermometer (DT8806H, certainty of measurement is ± 0.1 DEG C) respectively Measure eye socket, asoscope, cochlea, abdominal part without the shell temperature at totally 7 positions inside hair-fields, nipple, Cornu Bovis seu Bubali base portion and root of the tail, simultaneously Measure rectal temperature with mercurial thermometer, shell temperature is compared with rectal temperature, result mean+SD table Show (as shown in table 5):
Table 5
Position Measuring method Temperature
Nidus collocaliae Infrared measurement of temperature 36.27±0.54
Asoscope Infrared measurement of temperature 35.32±0.49
Cochlea Infrared measurement of temperature 37.78±0.45
Abdominal part is without hair Infrared measurement of temperature 35.37±0.49
Nipple Infrared measurement of temperature 35.87±0.58
Cornu Bovis seu Bubali base portion Infrared measurement of temperature 35.40±0.47
Inside root of the tail Infrared measurement of temperature 37.52±0.46
Anus Mercurial thermometer 38.50±0.28
Result shows, different parts temperature and rectal temperature all exist inside certain gap, the most only cochlea and root of the tail Temperature is the most close with rectal temperature, and minimum 7 measuring point Plays differences, but nervus cochleae tip relatively horn of plenty, fixing Temperature probe cattle only reacts more violent.Simultaneously take account of fixing means and the probability of temperature probe, have studied root of the tail respectively The thermometric effect that inner side is fixing, cervical region is fixing.
Inside root of the tail, fixation test result shows, although can fix inside root of the tail contact temperature-measuring probe, but this site away from Anus is relatively near, and probe is fixing loosely, and during defecation, anus is twitched and oxtail swings and is all unfavorable for that temperature probe is fixed, and easily by feces Impact, coupled power line is not easy to fix, and is easily caused temperature probe and loses, it is impossible to normal acquisition data, through more than 1 Have to change other installation sites after the trial of the moon.
Cervical region is fixed result and is shown: skin of neck hair is closeer and long, and more abundant hair has stronger effect of heat insulation, with Time, cervical region epidermis is directly exposed to body surface, is easier to be affected by the external environment, and is not easy to fix.Through test, cervical region fixation can be just Often gather body surface temperature data, but it is bigger with body temperature deviation to gather data.Show that cervical region shell temperature measures to be difficult to avoid ring Border affects, and temperature measuring result is poor to the instruction degree of true body temperature, and cervical region measures approach can not reach ideal effect.
Although, the present invention is described in detail the most with a general description of the specific embodiments, but On the basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Cause This, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, belong to the scope of protection of present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the monitoring method of a cattle body temperature, it is characterised in that the method includes utilizing cattle Thermometer System to bracket sole of the foot portion Temperature carry out detecting thus obtain cattle rectal temperature；
Wherein, described cattle Thermometer System includes: at least one data detection device, is connected with described data detection device Data acquisition unit, the host computer being connected with described data acquisition unit；Described data detection device detection bracket sole of the foot portion temperature Data, and it is sent to described data acquisition unit, described bracket sole of the foot portion temperature data is sent to institute by described data acquisition unit State host computer；In host computer, storage has the mixed linear model of sole of the foot portion temperature and cattle rectal temperature, and host computer is described by running Mixed linear model obtains cattle rectal temperature；
Wherein, described mixed linear model as shown in model 1,
Model 1:Y=a+X0b0+Xsbs+Xtbt+Xibi+e；
In model 1, Y is rectal temperature, X0For bracket sole of the foot portion temperature, XsFor design matrix in season, bsFor XsNonrandom parameter to Amount；XtFor time design matrix, b0For X0Regression coefficient, btFor XtNonrandom parameter vector；XiFor individual design matrix, bi For XiRandom parameter vector；A represents intercept, and e is random vector error.
Monitoring method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described data detection device is fixed on bracket sole of the foot portion Os sesamoideum phalangis primae top position, metatarsal bottom.
Monitoring method the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that described data detection device includes: be used for detecting Temperature sensor, first processor and the zigbee communication module of bracket sole of the foot portion temperature data；Described temperature sensor is with described First processor connects, and described first processor is connected with described zigbee communication module.
Monitoring method the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described data acquisition unit include mobile collection device, Wireless collection device and wired harvester；
Described mobile collection device is connected with described data detection device and described host computer respectively, described wireless collection device respectively with Described data detection device and described wired harvester connect, and described wired harvester is connected with described host computer.
Monitoring method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described mobile collection device includes: zigbee communicates mould Block, the second processor and CAN；
Described zigbee communication module is connected with described second processor, and described second processor is with described CAN even Connect.
Monitoring method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described wireless collection device includes zigbee communication mould Block, the 3rd processor and radio-frequency module；
Described zigbee communication module is connected with described 3rd processor, and described 3rd processor is connected with described radio-frequency module.
Monitoring method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described wired harvester includes zigbee communication mould Block, fourth processor, radio-frequency module and CAN；
Described radio frequency unit is connected with described fourth processor, and described zigbee communication module is connected with described fourth processor, Described fourth processor is connected with described CAN.
Monitoring method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described host computer includes CAN and central authorities Processor；Described CAN is connected with described central processing unit.
9. method described in any one application in cattle organism physiology situation detects in claim 1-8.
Application the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that described cattle organism physiology situation includes oestrusing, ovulates, pregnant Be pregnent, give a birth, disease.
CN201610511696.3A 2015-07-02 2016-07-01 Cattle body temperature monitoring method Pending CN106037682A (en)

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Application publication date: 20161026