CN106023641A - Parking space reservation and allocation method and system based on dynamic optimization - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于动态优化的停车位预约分配方法及系统,该方法包括:S1、划分网络预约分配停车服务所覆盖的地理范围为多个停车区域、建立数据结构表、加载基础数据并初始化时间窗;S2、开启时间窗,收集各停车区域的停车位供需信息,并判断各停车区域的停车位供需情况;S3、基于以停车位总利用率最大原则和停车位可利用时间碎片化最小原则的动态优化方法对各停车区域的停车位进行预约分配,得到分配结果;S4、分别向停车位需求者终端、停车位提供者终端和停车位智能管理系统发送分配结果。本发明可以从多角度提高停车位利用率,减少停车位资源浪费,缓解城市“停车难”问题。
The invention discloses a method and system for reservation and allocation of parking spaces based on dynamic optimization. The method includes: S1. Divide the geographical range covered by network reservation and allocation parking services into multiple parking areas, establish a data structure table, load basic data and initialize Time window; S2, open the time window, collect the supply and demand information of parking spaces in each parking area, and judge the supply and demand of parking spaces in each parking area; S3, based on the principle of maximizing the total utilization rate of parking spaces and minimizing the available time fragmentation of parking spaces The principled dynamic optimization method reserves and allocates the parking spaces in each parking area, and obtains the allocation results; S4. Sends the allocation results to the parking space demander terminal, the parking space provider terminal and the parking space intelligent management system respectively. The invention can improve the utilization rate of parking spaces from multiple angles, reduce the waste of parking space resources, and alleviate the problem of "difficult parking" in cities.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及智能交通领域。更具体地,涉及一种基于动态优化的停车位预约分配方法及系统。The invention relates to the field of intelligent transportation. More specifically, it relates to a method and system for allocating parking space reservations based on dynamic optimization.
背景技术Background technique
目前我国大城市普遍存在的停车问题已成为社会关注的热点问题。以北京为例,截止到2014年底,机动车保有量550万辆,机动车泊位仅280万多个,停车供需存在的严重失衡,引发停车侵占道路空间、生活空间等“停车难”“乱停车”等问题,在制约城市交通系统的正常运转的同时,也对居民的正常生活和出行造成了严重的影响。然而在某区域车位难求的同时,某些区域却存在停车位空闲的情况,主要表现为上班时间工作区车位紧张而附近居民区车位空闲率较高,休息时间则反之,这种不同目的的停车需求在时间空间上分布上的错峰性不仅会造成停车位资源的浪费,也会加剧城市交通能源消耗和污染物排放。At present, the common parking problem in big cities in our country has become a hot issue of social concern. Taking Beijing as an example, by the end of 2014, the number of motor vehicles was 5.5 million, and the number of motor vehicle parking spaces was only 2.8 million. The serious imbalance between supply and demand of parking caused "difficulty in parking" and "disorderly parking". "And other issues, while restricting the normal operation of the urban transportation system, also have a serious impact on the normal life and travel of residents. However, while it is difficult to find parking spaces in certain areas, there are parking spaces in some areas. The peak-staggered distribution of parking demand in time and space will not only cause a waste of parking space resources, but also aggravate urban traffic energy consumption and pollutant emissions.
解决上述问题的关键在于如何合理利用现有停车设施,提高停车位资源的利用率。随着智能终端和互联网的突飞猛进,越来越多的互联网公司推出了智能停车服务,即车主通过停车软件查询空闲停车位,根据电子地图导航前往停车,在一定程度上解决了停车需求信息和停车位供给信息不对称的问题,对城市“停车难”问题有一定的缓解作用。但是,上述方法在优化停车位资源利用率方面作用有限。一方面,上述方法仅提供公共停车场的停车位信息,不能提高私有或专用停车位的利用率。另一方面,上述方法基于“先到先得”模式,不能最大化地提高该区域的停车位利用率。The key to solving the above problems is how to make rational use of existing parking facilities and improve the utilization rate of parking space resources. With the rapid development of smart terminals and the Internet, more and more Internet companies have launched smart parking services, that is, car owners can query vacant parking spaces through parking software and navigate to parking according to electronic maps, which solves the problem of parking demand information and parking to a certain extent. The problem of asymmetrical parking space supply information has a certain role in alleviating the problem of "difficult parking" in cities. However, the above methods are limited in optimizing the utilization of parking space resources. On the one hand, the above methods only provide parking space information of public parking lots, and cannot improve the utilization rate of private or dedicated parking spaces. On the other hand, the above method is based on the "first come, first served" model, which cannot maximize the utilization rate of parking spaces in this area.
因此,需要提供一种基于动态优化的停车位预约分配方法及系统,对司机的停车需求和停车位的供给情况进行深入分析,并提出相应的停车位预约分配服务模型和算法,在增加城市停车位总供给的同时提高城市停车位的利用率,优化司机的停车体验,缓解城市“停车难”、“乱停车”等问题。Therefore, it is necessary to provide a parking space reservation allocation method and system based on dynamic optimization, conduct an in-depth analysis of the parking demand of drivers and the supply of parking spaces, and propose a corresponding parking space reservation allocation service model and algorithm, in order to increase urban parking While improving the total supply of parking spaces, it improves the utilization rate of urban parking spaces, optimizes the parking experience of drivers, and alleviates problems such as "difficult parking" and "chaotic parking" in cities.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于动态优化的停车位预约分配方法及系统,收集城市私有或专用停车位以及公共停车位信息和停车需求信息,针对于不同类型的停车需求设计不同方法为停车需求者分配停车位,提高停车位利用率,从而在一定程度上解决“停车难”的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for reservation and allocation of parking spaces based on dynamic optimization, collect urban private or special parking spaces and public parking space information and parking demand information, and design different methods for different types of parking needs. To allocate parking spaces, improve the utilization rate of parking spaces, so as to solve the problem of "difficult parking" to a certain extent.
为达到上述目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种基于动态优化的停车位预约分配方法,包括以下步骤:A parking space reservation allocation method based on dynamic optimization, comprising the following steps:
S1、划分网络预约分配停车服务所覆盖的地理范围为多个停车区域、建立数据结构表、加载基础数据并初始化时间窗;S1. Divide the geographical range covered by the network reservation and allocation parking service into multiple parking areas, establish a data structure table, load basic data and initialize the time window;
S2、开启时间窗,收集各停车区域的停车位供需信息,并判断各停车区域的停车位供需情况;S2. Open the time window, collect the supply and demand information of parking spaces in each parking area, and judge the supply and demand of parking spaces in each parking area;
S3、基于以停车位总利用率最大原则和停车位可利用时间碎片化最小原则的动态优化方法对各停车区域的停车位进行预约分配,得到分配结果;S3. Based on the dynamic optimization method based on the principle of maximizing the total utilization rate of parking spaces and the principle of minimizing the fragmentation of available time of parking spaces, the parking spaces in each parking area are reserved and allocated, and the allocation results are obtained;
S4、分别向停车位需求者终端、停车位提供者终端和停车位智能管理系统发送分配结果。S4. Sending allocation results to the parking space demander terminal, the parking space provider terminal and the parking space intelligent management system respectively.
优选地,步骤S1中划分网络预约分配停车服务所覆盖的地理范围为多个停车区域的方法为:基于需求分布的空间集散性,以停车需求集中点为中心且以200-800米为半径的圆进行区域划分。Preferably, in step S1, the method of dividing the geographical range covered by the network reservation and allocation parking service into multiple parking areas is: based on the spatial distribution of demand distribution, the parking demand concentration point is the center and the radius is 200-800 meters. The circle divides the area.
优选地,所述数据结构表包含停车需求信息、停车位供给信息、司机信用记录信息和路网信息,其中,停车需求信息为每一个时间窗下的停车位需求者编号、停车需求类型、车辆类型、停车需求日期、停车需求起止时间、停车需求地点和停车需求分布;停车位供给信息包括每一个时间窗下的停车位编号、停车位类型、停车位是否被占用、所在区域、停车位可利用起止时间和停车位每小时价格;司机信用记录信息包括每一个时间窗下的司机停车违约次数。Preferably, the data structure table includes parking demand information, parking space supply information, driver credit record information and road network information, wherein the parking demand information is the parking space demander number, parking demand type, vehicle Type, date of parking demand, start and end time of parking demand, location of parking demand and distribution of parking demand; parking space supply information includes parking space number, parking space type, whether the parking space is occupied, location, parking space availability under each time window Utilize the start and end time and the hourly price of the parking space; the driver's credit record information includes the number of times the driver violates the parking contract under each time window.
优选地,步骤S2进一步包括如下子步骤:Preferably, step S2 further includes the following sub-steps:
S2.1、开启时间窗;S2.1, open the time window;
S2.2、收集停车位提供者终端发送的停车位供给信息、停车位智能管理系统发送的实时停车位占用信息和停车位需求者终端发送的停车需求信息;S2.2. Collect the parking space supply information sent by the parking space provider terminal, the real-time parking space occupancy information sent by the parking space intelligent management system, and the parking demand information sent by the parking space demander terminal;
S2.3、统计各停车区域的停车需求和供给情况,判断各停车区域的供需情况,所述供需情况包括供大于求和供小于求。S2.3. Counting the parking demand and supply of each parking area, and judging the supply and demand of each parking area. The supply and demand include oversupply and undersupply.
优选地,步骤S3进一步包括如下子步骤:Preferably, step S3 further includes the following sub-steps:
S3.1、将停车需求分为长期停车需求、短期停车需求和临时停车需求;S3.1. Divide the parking demand into long-term parking demand, short-term parking demand and temporary parking demand;
S3.2、针对长期停车需求对各停车区域的停车位进行预约分配:先依据停车位总利用率最大原则选择性接受长期停车需求,再依据停车位碎片化时间最小原则为长期停车需求分配具体停车位;S3.2. Reservation and allocation of parking spaces in each parking area according to long-term parking demand: first, selectively accept long-term parking demand according to the principle of maximizing the total utilization rate of parking spaces, and then allocate specific long-term parking demand according to the principle of minimum parking space fragmentation time parking space;
S3.3、针对短期停车需求对各停车区域的停车位进行预约分配:先依据停车位总利用率最大原则选择性接受短期停车需求,再在短期停车需求中期望停车时间开始前依据停车位碎片化时间最小原则为短期停车需求分配具体停车位;S3.3. According to the short-term parking demand, the parking spaces in each parking area are reserved and allocated: first, the short-term parking demand is selectively accepted according to the principle of maximizing the total utilization rate of the parking space, and then according to the parking space fragments before the expected parking time starts in the short-term parking demand Allocate specific parking spaces for short-term parking needs based on the principle of minimizing time;
S3.4、针对临时停车需求对各停车区域的停车位进行预约分配:若临时停车需求所在的停车区域供大于求则接受临时停车需求,由临时停车需求者终端选择空置且未预约的停车位。S3.4. Reservation and allocation of parking spaces in each parking area according to the temporary parking demand: if the supply of the parking area where the temporary parking demand is located exceeds the demand, the temporary parking demand will be accepted, and the terminal of the temporary parking demander will select a vacant and unreserved parking space .
优选地,步骤S3.2的具体过程为:Preferably, the specific process of step S3.2 is:
长期停车位需求者终端在第j-1个时间窗之前提交在第j个时间窗内的对于某停车区域的长期停车需求;The terminal of the long-term parking space demander submits the long-term parking demand for a certain parking area in the j-th time window before the j-1th time window;
若第j个时间窗内该停车区域的供需情况为供大于求,则接受全部长期停车需求;若第j个时间窗内该停车区域的供需情况为供小于求,则先在第j-1个时间窗与第j个时间窗分界点时依据停车位总利用率最大原则选择性接受长期停车需求,再在第j个时间窗开始前对长期停车需求进行具体的停车位分配。If the supply and demand of the parking area in the jth time window is greater than the demand, all long-term parking demands will be accepted; if the supply and demand of the parking area in the jth time window is less than the demand, the first j-1 At the boundary point between the first time window and the jth time window, the long-term parking demand is selectively accepted according to the principle of maximizing the total utilization rate of the parking space, and then specific parking spaces are allocated to the long-term parking demand before the start of the jth time window.
优选地,步骤S3.3的具体过程为:Preferably, the specific process of step S3.3 is:
短期停车位需求者终端在短期停车需求中期望停车开始时间前提交对于某停车区域的短期停车请求;The short-term parking space demander terminal submits a short-term parking request for a certain parking area before the expected parking start time in the short-term parking demand;
依据停车位总利用率最大原则选择性接受短期停车需求,并依据停车位碎片化时间最小原则为离期望停车开始时间短的已接受的短期停车需求分配具体的停车位;Selectively accept short-term parking demands based on the principle of maximizing the total utilization rate of parking spaces, and assign specific parking spaces to accepted short-term parking demands short of the expected parking start time based on the principle of minimizing the fragmentation time of parking spaces;
对离期望停车开始时间长的已接受的短期停车需求,在该需求中期望停车时间开始前依据停车位碎片化时间最小原则为该需求分配具体停车位。For the accepted short-term parking demand that is long away from the expected parking start time, specific parking spaces are assigned to the demand according to the principle of minimum fragmentation time of parking spaces before the expected parking time begins.
优选地,步骤S3.3还包括:对于被拒绝的短期停车需求在下次预约停车时具有对其他停车需求终止后的停车位资源分配的优先权。Preferably, step S3.3 further includes: for the rejected short-term parking demand, it has the priority of allocating parking space resources after the termination of other parking demands in the next parking reservation.
一种基于动态优化的停车位预约分配系统,包括:停车位需求者终端、停车位提供者终端、停车位分配调度中心、停车位智能管理系统;A parking space reservation allocation system based on dynamic optimization, including: a parking space demander terminal, a parking space provider terminal, a parking space allocation dispatch center, and a parking space intelligent management system;
停车位需求者终端,向停车位分配调度中心发送停车需求信息,并接收停车位分配调度中心发送的分配结果;The terminal of the parking space demander sends the parking demand information to the parking space allocation and dispatching center, and receives the allocation result sent by the parking space allocation and dispatching center;
停车位提供者终端,向停车位分配调度中心发送停车位供给信息,并接收停车位分配调度中心发送的分配结果;The parking space provider terminal sends parking space supply information to the parking space allocation dispatch center, and receives the allocation result sent by the parking space allocation dispatch center;
停车位分配调度中心,划分网络预约分配停车服务所覆盖的地理范围为多个停车区域、建立数据结构表、加载基础数据并初始化时间窗;开启时间窗,收集各停车区域的停车位供需信息,并判断各停车区域的停车位供需情况;基于以停车位总利用率最大原则和停车位可利用时间碎片化最小原则的动态优化方法对各停车区域的停车位进行预约分配,得到分配结果,并分别向停车位需求者终端、停车位提供者终端和停车位智能管理系统发送分配结果;The parking space allocation and dispatching center divides the geographical scope covered by the network reservation allocation parking service into multiple parking areas, establishes a data structure table, loads basic data and initializes the time window; opens the time window to collect the supply and demand information of parking spaces in each parking area, And judge the supply and demand of parking spaces in each parking area; based on the dynamic optimization method based on the principle of maximizing the total utilization rate of parking spaces and the principle of minimizing the fragmentation of available time for parking spaces, the parking spaces in each parking area are reserved and allocated, and the allocation results are obtained, and Send the allocation results to the parking space demander terminal, the parking space provider terminal and the parking space intelligent management system respectively;
智能停车位管理系统,实时监控停车位状态并将停车位状态发送至停车位分配调度中心。The intelligent parking space management system monitors the parking space status in real time and sends the parking space status to the parking space allocation dispatch center.
优选地,所述停车位提供者终端包括私有停车位出租者终端和公共停车位管理员终端。Preferably, the parking space provider terminal includes a private parking space lessor terminal and a public parking space administrator terminal.
本发明的有益效果如下:The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
本发明所述技术方案针对不同类型的停车需求,综合考虑停车位资源优化利用以及系统服务水平和公平性,以停车位总利用率最大以及停车位可利用时间碎片化最小为原则,设计不同算法进行停车位资源优化分配。优先对通勤等长期固定合约停车需求进行分配,兼顾出差等短期有计划性停车需求,同时也针对临时停车提供即选即停的停车模式,层次分明。此外,基于公平性考虑,对于在预约停车请求中被拒绝的车主可以在其他用户退出后的停车位分配中具有优先权;对于私有停车位出租者,可以设置对停车位需求者的信用记录的要求,以保障自身的停车利益。本发明可以从多角度提高停车位利用率,减少停车位资源浪费,缓解城市“停车难”问题。The technical solution of the present invention aims at different types of parking needs, comprehensively considers the optimal utilization of parking space resources and the system service level and fairness, and designs different algorithms based on the principle of maximizing the total utilization rate of parking spaces and minimizing the fragmentation of available time of parking spaces Carry out optimal allocation of parking space resources. Prioritize the allocation of long-term fixed-contract parking needs such as commuting, and take into account short-term planned parking needs such as business trips. At the same time, it also provides a parking mode for temporary parking with a clear hierarchy. In addition, based on the consideration of fairness, car owners who are rejected in the reserved parking request can have priority in the allocation of parking spaces after other users exit; requirements in order to protect their own parking interests. The invention can improve the utilization rate of parking spaces from multiple angles, reduce the waste of parking space resources, and alleviate the problem of "difficult parking" in cities.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明;Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail;
图1示出基于动态优化的停车位预约分配方法的流程图。Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a parking space reservation allocation method based on dynamic optimization.
图2示出基于以停车位总利用率最大原则和停车位可利用时间碎片化最小原则的动态优化方法对各停车区域的停车位进行预约分配的流程图。FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of allocating reserved parking spaces in each parking area based on a dynamic optimization method based on the principle of maximizing the total utilization rate of parking spaces and minimizing the fragmentation of available time of parking spaces.
图3示出针对短期停车需求对各停车区域的停车位进行预约分配的流程图。Fig. 3 shows a flow chart of allocating reserved parking spaces in each parking area for short-term parking demands.
图4示出针对短期停车需求对各停车区域的停车位进行预约分配中基于公平性的再预约的流程图。Fig. 4 shows a flow chart of fairness-based re-reservation in the reserved allocation of parking spaces in each parking area for short-term parking demands.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了更清楚地说明本发明,下面结合优选实施例和附图对本发明做进一步的说明。附图中相似的部件以相同的附图标记进行表示。本领域技术人员应当理解,下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而非限制性的,不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。In order to illustrate the present invention more clearly, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings. Similar parts in the figures are denoted by the same reference numerals. Those skilled in the art should understand that the content specifically described below is illustrative rather than restrictive, and should not limit the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1所示,本实施例提供的基于动态优化的停车位预约分配方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:As shown in Figure 1, the parking space reservation allocation method based on dynamic optimization provided by the present embodiment is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
S1、划分网络预约分配停车服务所覆盖的地理范围为多个停车区域、建立数据结构表、加载基础数据并初始化时间窗(设定时间窗编号j=0);S1. Divide the geographical range covered by the network reservation and distribution parking service into multiple parking areas, establish a data structure table, load basic data and initialize the time window (set the time window number j=0);
S2、开启时间窗,收集各停车区域的停车位供需信息,并判断各停车区域的停车位供需情况;S2. Open the time window, collect the supply and demand information of parking spaces in each parking area, and judge the supply and demand of parking spaces in each parking area;
S3、基于以停车位总利用率最大原则和停车位可利用时间碎片化最小原则的动态优化方法对各停车区域的停车位进行预约分配,得到分配结果;S3. Based on the dynamic optimization method based on the principle of maximizing the total utilization rate of parking spaces and the principle of minimizing the fragmentation of available time of parking spaces, the parking spaces in each parking area are reserved and allocated, and the allocation results are obtained;
S4、分别向停车位需求者终端、停车位提供者终端和停车位智能管理系统发送分配结果。S4. Sending allocation results to the parking space demander terminal, the parking space provider terminal and the parking space intelligent management system respectively.
其中,in,
步骤S1为初始化步骤,Step S1 is an initialization step,
步骤S1中划分网络预约分配停车服务所覆盖的地理范围为多个停车区域的方法为:基于需求分布的空间集散性,以停车需求集中点为中心且以200-800米为半径的圆进行区域划分。停车需求集中点多选取自停车较困难的地点,如医院、大型写字楼、大型商场等。200-800米的半径是考虑人步行距离的限制后得到的。对于圆形重叠的区域,将重叠区域归属于距离最近的停车位需求集中点所在的圆。对于未覆盖的区域,依据交通小区的划分原则结合实际情况进行划分。In step S1, the geographical range covered by the network reservation and allocation parking service is divided into multiple parking areas: based on the spatial distribution of demand distribution, the area is divided into a circle with the parking demand concentration point as the center and a radius of 200-800 meters. divided. The most concentrated points of parking demand are places where self-parking is difficult, such as hospitals, large office buildings, and large shopping malls. The radius of 200-800 meters is obtained after considering the limitation of human walking distance. For the circular overlapping area, the overlapping area is attributed to the circle where the nearest parking space demand concentration point is located. For the uncovered area, it is divided according to the division principle of the traffic area combined with the actual situation.
数据结构表包含停车需求信息、停车位供给信息、司机信用记录信息和路网信息,其中,停车需求信息为每一个时间窗下的停车位需求者编号、停车需求类型(包括长期、短期和临时)、车辆类型(包括大型、中型和小型)、停车需求日期、停车需求起止时间、停车需求地点和停车需求分布;停车位供给信息包括每一个时间窗下的停车位编号、停车位类型、停车位是否被占用、所在区域、停车位可利用起止时间和停车位每小时价格;司机信用记录信息包括每一个时间窗下的司机停车违约次数。路网信息旨在为停车位需求者寻找车位提供导航服务。The data structure table contains parking demand information, parking space supply information, driver credit record information and road network information, wherein the parking demand information is the parking space demander number, parking demand type (including long-term, short-term and temporary) under each time window. ), vehicle type (including large, medium and small), parking demand date, parking demand start and end time, parking demand location and parking demand distribution; parking space supply information includes parking space number, parking space type, parking Whether the space is occupied, the area, the start and end time of the parking space availability, and the hourly price of the parking space; the driver's credit record information includes the number of parking violations by the driver under each time window. Road network information aims to provide navigation services for parking space demanders looking for parking spaces.
步骤S2进一步包括如下子步骤:Step S2 further comprises the following sub-steps:
S2.1、开启时间窗;S2.1, open the time window;
S2.2、收集停车位提供者终端发送的停车位供给信息、停车位智能管理系统发送的实时停车位占用信息和停车位需求者终端发送的停车预约请求信息;S2.2. Collect the parking space supply information sent by the parking space provider terminal, the real-time parking space occupancy information sent by the parking space intelligent management system, and the parking reservation request information sent by the parking space demander terminal;
S2.3、统计各停车区域的停车需求和供给情况,判断各停车区域的供需情况,所述供需情况包括供大于求和供小于求。S2.3. Counting the parking demand and supply of each parking area, and judging the supply and demand of each parking area. The supply and demand include oversupply and undersupply.
如图2所示,步骤S3进一步包括如下子步骤:As shown in Figure 2, step S3 further includes the following sub-steps:
S3.1、针对例如通勤、出差、临时出行等不同停车需求,将停车需求分为长期停车需求、短期停车需求和临时停车需求,对于长期停车需求采用合约停车预约分配方法,适用于长期固定停车需求,其分配优先度最高,反馈周期较长,需要提前较长时间提供停车需求信息,在分配时先依据停车位总利用率最大原则选择性接受停车需求,再依据停车位碎片化时间最小原则分配具体停车位。对于短期停车需求采用预约停车预约分配方法,其分配优先度其次,反馈周期较短,在分配时具有动态性,根据停车位总利用率最大原则选择性接受停车需求在停车开始前一段时间按停车位碎片化时间最小分配具体停车位,对于在预约停车请求中被拒绝的停车需求在下次预约停车时具有对用户退出后停车位资源分配的优先权。对于临时停车需求采用临时停车预约分配方法,其分配优先度最低,不过临时停车需求者可以实时查看停车位供给情况,自行选择停车位,即选即停。此外,基于响应速度考虑,对于短期停车需求和临时停车需求需进行一定量的停车位预留,预留停车位时长需根据该区域历史停车分布确定;S3.1. For different parking needs such as commuting, business trips, temporary travel, etc., the parking needs are divided into long-term parking needs, short-term parking needs and temporary parking needs. For long-term parking needs, the contract parking reservation allocation method is adopted, which is suitable for long-term fixed parking Demand, its allocation priority is the highest, the feedback cycle is long, and parking demand information needs to be provided a long time in advance. When allocating, the parking demand is first selectively accepted according to the principle of maximizing the total utilization rate of parking spaces, and then according to the principle of minimizing the fragmentation time of parking spaces Assign specific parking spaces. For short-term parking demand, the reservation allocation method is adopted. The allocation priority is second, the feedback cycle is short, and the allocation is dynamic. According to the principle of maximum utilization of parking spaces, the parking demand is selectively accepted. Allocate specific parking spaces with minimum space fragmentation time, and the parking demand that is rejected in the reserved parking request has the priority in the allocation of parking space resources after the user exits when the next parking reservation is made. For temporary parking needs, the temporary parking reservation allocation method is adopted, and its allocation priority is the lowest. However, temporary parking demanders can check the supply of parking spaces in real time, choose parking spaces by themselves, and stop immediately. In addition, based on the consideration of response speed, a certain amount of parking space needs to be reserved for short-term parking demand and temporary parking demand, and the duration of reserved parking space should be determined according to the historical parking distribution in the area;
S3.2、针对长期停车需求对各停车区域的停车位进行预约分配:先依据停车位总利用率最大原则选择性接受长期停车需求,再依据停车位碎片化时间最小原则为长期停车需求分配具体停车位;S3.2. Reservation and allocation of parking spaces in each parking area according to long-term parking demand: first, selectively accept long-term parking demand according to the principle of maximizing the total utilization rate of parking spaces, and then allocate specific long-term parking demand according to the principle of minimum parking space fragmentation time parking space;
S3.3、针对短期停车需求对各停车区域的停车位进行预约分配:先依据停车位总利用率最大原则选择性接受短期停车需求,再在短期停车需求中需求停车时间开始前依据停车位碎片化时间最小原则为短期停车需求分配具体停车位;S3.3. Reservation and allocation of parking spaces in each parking area according to short-term parking demand: first, selectively accept short-term parking demand based on the principle of maximizing the total utilization rate of parking spaces, and then according to parking space fragments before the start of required parking time in short-term parking demand Allocate specific parking spaces for short-term parking needs based on the principle of minimizing time;
S3.4、针对临时停车需求对各停车区域的停车位进行预约分配:若临时停车需求所在的停车区域供大于求则接受临时停车需求,由临时停车需求者终端选择空置且未预约的停车位,即选即停。S3.4. Reservation and allocation of parking spaces in each parking area according to the temporary parking demand: if the supply of the parking area where the temporary parking demand is located exceeds the demand, the temporary parking demand will be accepted, and the terminal of the temporary parking demander will select a vacant and unreserved parking space , select and stop.
步骤S3.2的具体过程为:The specific process of step S3.2 is:
长期停车位需求者终端在第j-1个时间窗之前提交在第j个时间窗内的对于某停车区域的长期停车需求,时间窗的长度通常设定为24小时;The long-term parking space demander terminal submits the long-term parking demand for a certain parking area in the j-th time window before the j-1th time window, and the length of the time window is usually set to 24 hours;
若第j个时间窗内该停车区域的供需情况为供大于求,则接受全部长期停车需求;若第j个时间窗内该停车区域的供需情况为供小于求,则先在第j-1个时间窗与第j个时间窗分界点时依据停车位总利用率最大原则选择性接受长期停车需求,再在第j个时间窗开始前对长期停车需求进行具体的停车位分配,以便在该时间前对停车位分配方案进行调整,减少剩余可利用时间的碎片化,为短期需求预留更完整的停车时间。If the supply and demand of the parking area in the jth time window is greater than the demand, all long-term parking demands will be accepted; if the supply and demand of the parking area in the jth time window is less than the demand, the first j-1 At the boundary point between the first time window and the jth time window, the long-term parking demand is selectively accepted according to the principle of the maximum total utilization rate of the parking space, and then the long-term parking demand is allocated to specific parking spaces before the start of the jth time window, so that in this time window Adjust the parking space allocation plan before the time, reduce the fragmentation of the remaining available time, and reserve more complete parking time for short-term needs.
停车位总利用率的计算规则如下:The calculation rules for the total utilization rate of parking spaces are as follows:
设可供出租的停车位资源的总利用率为z,第i个停车位的利用率为zi,可利用时长为Ti、被利用时长为UTi,则停车位总利用率z的计算公式为:Assuming that the total utilization rate of available parking space resources is z, the utilization rate of the i-th parking space is z i , the available time is T i , and the utilization time is UT i , then the calculation of the total utilization rate of the parking space z The formula is:
其中,m为停车位的个数。Among them, m is the number of parking spaces.
停车位碎片化时间最小原则中的停车区域可利用时间碎片化指标的计算规则如下:The calculation rules for the available time fragmentation index of the parking area in the principle of minimum fragmentation time of parking spaces are as follows:
停车位可利用时长碎片化需根据某区域某时段的停车需求特性进行量化,具体为:对某区域不同时间停车需求进行调查,绘制其在某时段内停车需求时长频率密度分布曲线,从小到大取停车需求时长的频率密度和为设定值δ的部分为碎片化时间段,设定值δ的具体数值由实际需求设定,计算第i个停车位不连续的未被利用时间片段中碎片化时间段个数为Fi,则该停车区域可利用时间碎片化指标f计算公式为: The fragmentation of the available time of parking spaces needs to be quantified according to the characteristics of parking demand in a certain period of time in a certain area, specifically: investigate the parking demand in a certain area at different times, and draw the frequency density distribution curve of the parking demand in a certain period of time, from small to large Take the frequency density of the parking demand duration and the part that is the set value δ as the fragmentation time period, the specific value of the set value δ is set by the actual demand, and calculate the fragmentation in the unused time segment of the i-th parking space that is discontinuous If the number of time periods is F i , then the calculation formula of the time fragmentation index f available for the parking area is:
依据停车位总利用率最大原则选择性接受长期停车需求,再在第j个时间窗开始前对长期停车需求进行具体的停车位分配的分配原则如下:计算停车位总利用率z,以停车位总利用率z最大为目标函数选择性接受长期停车需求,计算该停车区域可利用时间碎片化指标f,以可利用时间碎片化指标f最小为目标函数进行具体的停车位优化分配。According to the principle of maximizing the total utilization rate of parking spaces, the long-term parking demand is selectively accepted, and then the long-term parking demand is allocated to specific parking spaces before the start of the jth time window. The maximum total utilization rate z is the objective function to selectively accept long-term parking demand, calculate the available time fragmentation index f of the parking area, and use the minimum available time fragmentation index f as the objective function to optimize the specific allocation of parking spaces.
如图3所示,步骤S3.3的具体过程为:As shown in Figure 3, the specific process of step S3.3 is:
短期停车位需求者终端在短期停车需求中期望停车开始时间前提交对于某停车区域的短期停车请求,通常,需要短期停车位需求者终端在短期停车需求中期望停车开始时间前,至少提前1-5小时提交对于某停车区域的短期停车请求,停车位调度分配中心以分钟为时间间隔对停车需求进行刷新,的取值通常为1-5分钟;The short-term parking space demander terminal submits a short-term parking request for a certain parking area before the expected parking start time in the short-term parking demand. Usually, the short-term parking space demander terminal is required to advance at least 1- Submit a short-term parking request for a certain parking area within 5 hours, and the parking space dispatching center will Refresh the parking demand at intervals of minutes, The value of is usually 1-5 minutes;
依据停车位总利用率最大原则选择性接受短期停车需求(即计算停车位总利用率z,以停车位总利用率z最大为目标函数选择性接受短期停车需求),并依据停车位碎片化时间最小原则为离期望停车开始时间短的已接受的短期停车需求分配具体的停车位;Selectively accept short-term parking demand based on the principle of maximizing the total utilization rate of parking spaces (that is, calculate the total utilization rate z of parking spaces, and selectively accept short-term parking demands with the maximum total utilization rate z of parking spaces as the objective function), and based on the fragmentation time of parking spaces The principle of minimal allocation of specific parking spaces for accepted short-term parking needs short of the desired parking start time;
对离期望停车开始时间长的已接受的短期停车需求,在该需求中期望停车时间开始前依据停车位碎片化时间最小原则为该需求分配具体停车位。For the accepted short-term parking demand that is long away from the expected parking start time, specific parking spaces are assigned to the demand according to the principle of minimum fragmentation time of parking spaces before the expected parking time begins.
如图4所示,步骤S3.3还包括:对于被拒绝的短期停车需求在下次预约停车时具有对其他停车需求终止后的停车位资源分配的优先权。As shown in FIG. 4 , step S3.3 also includes: the rejected short-term parking demand has the priority of allocating parking space resources after the termination of other parking demands in the next parking reservation.
本实施例提供的基于动态优化的停车位预约分配系统,包括:停车位需求者终端、停车位提供者终端、停车位分配调度中心、停车位智能管理系统;The parking space reservation allocation system based on dynamic optimization provided in this embodiment includes: a parking space demander terminal, a parking space provider terminal, a parking space allocation dispatch center, and a parking space intelligent management system;
停车位需求者终端,向停车位分配调度中心发送停车需求信息,并接收停车位分配调度中心发送的分配结果,还可进行停车位查询和导航;The terminal of the parking space demander sends parking demand information to the parking space allocation and dispatching center, and receives the allocation result sent by the parking space allocation and dispatching center, and can also perform parking space query and navigation;
停车位提供者终端,向停车位分配调度中心发送停车位供给信息,并接收停车位分配调度中心发送的分配结果,还可进行停车位出租信息维护、停车位实时情况查询、收入提现等;The parking space provider terminal sends parking space supply information to the parking space allocation and dispatching center, and receives the allocation results sent by the parking space allocation and dispatching center, and can also perform parking space rental information maintenance, real-time parking space query, income withdrawal, etc.;
停车位分配调度中心,划分网络预约分配停车服务所覆盖的地理范围为多个停车区域、建立数据结构表、加载基础数据并初始化时间窗;开启时间窗,收集各停车区域的停车位供需信息,并判断各停车区域的停车位供需情况;基于以停车位总利用率最大原则和停车位可利用时间碎片化最小原则的动态优化方法对各停车区域的停车位进行预约分配,得到分配结果,并分别向停车位需求者终端、停车位提供者终端和停车位智能管理系统发送分配结果;The parking space allocation and dispatching center divides the geographical scope covered by the network reservation allocation parking service into multiple parking areas, establishes a data structure table, loads basic data and initializes the time window; opens the time window to collect the supply and demand information of parking spaces in each parking area, And judge the supply and demand of parking spaces in each parking area; based on the dynamic optimization method based on the principle of maximizing the total utilization rate of parking spaces and the principle of minimizing the fragmentation of available time for parking spaces, the parking spaces in each parking area are reserved and allocated, and the allocation results are obtained, and Send the allocation results to the parking space demander terminal, the parking space provider terminal and the parking space intelligent management system respectively;
智能停车位管理系统,实时监控停车位状态并将停车位状态发送至停车位分配调度中心。The intelligent parking space management system monitors the parking space status in real time and sends the parking space status to the parking space allocation dispatch center.
停车位提供者终端包括私有停车位出租者终端和公共停车位管理员终端。The parking space provider terminals include private parking space lessor terminals and public parking space administrator terminals.
停车位需求者终端和停车位提供者终端分别可为智能手机、平板电脑等设备。The parking space demander terminal and the parking space provider terminal can be smart phones, tablet computers and other devices respectively.
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定,对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动,这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举,凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。Apparently, the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can also make It is impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation modes here, and any obvious changes or changes derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.
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