CN106014669A - 气缸盖 - Google Patents

气缸盖 Download PDF

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CN106014669A
CN106014669A CN201610304818.1A CN201610304818A CN106014669A CN 106014669 A CN106014669 A CN 106014669A CN 201610304818 A CN201610304818 A CN 201610304818A CN 106014669 A CN106014669 A CN 106014669A
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spark plug
valve
cylinder head
prechamber
prechamber valve
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CN106014669B (zh
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R·雅各布
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Innio Jenbacher GmbH and Co OG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0257—Details of the valve closing elements, e.g. valve seats, stems or arrangement of flow passages
    • F02M21/026—Lift valves, i.e. stem operated valves
    • F02M21/0269—Outwardly opening valves, e.g. poppet valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1004—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder details of combustion chamber, e.g. mounting arrangements
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    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/1023—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s)
    • F02B19/1028—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s) pre-combustion chamber and cylinder having both intake ports or valves, e.g. HONDS CVCC
    • F02B19/1033—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s) pre-combustion chamber and cylinder having both intake ports or valves, e.g. HONDS CVCC specially adapted valves, e.g. rotary valves, pre-combustion chamber being part of a valve
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    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/108—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber with fuel injection at least into pre-combustion chamber, i.e. injector mounted directly in the pre-combustion chamber
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    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/12—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with positive ignition
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    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/023—Valves; Pressure or flow regulators in the fuel supply or return system
    • F02M21/0242—Shut-off valves; Check valves; Safety valves; Pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0257—Details of the valve closing elements, e.g. valve seats, stems or arrangement of flow passages
    • F02M21/026—Lift valves, i.e. stem operated valves
    • F02M21/0263—Inwardly opening single or multi nozzle valves, e.g. needle valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0275—Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection, e.g. injector combined with spark plug
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    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0281—Adapters, sockets or the like to mount injection valves onto engines; Fuel guiding passages between injectors and the air intake system or the combustion chamber
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P15/00—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种气缸盖(2)，其包括：至少一个预燃室(3)，伸入到预燃室(3)中的至少一个火花塞(6)，通到预燃室(3)中的至少一个预燃室气门(5)，其中，所述火花塞(6)和所述预燃室气门(5)设置在气缸盖(2)的共同的腔体(7)中，其中，火花塞(6)和预燃室气门(5)设置在彼此贯穿的多个孔中。

Description

气缸盖
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有权利要求1前序部分特征的气缸盖以及一种具有这样的气缸盖的内燃机.
背景技术
这种类型的气缸盖和内燃机已经由现有技术已知。(燃气)内燃机从一个确定的孔(约150mm)起配备有用于点火放大的预燃室。伸入到预燃室中的点火源点燃在那里存在的在清洗过的预燃室中含油脂相对多的混合物，由此，点火火舌由预燃室进入到主燃烧室并且点燃在那里存在的混合物.
JPH04171256A示出一种阀，该阀具有阀体、阀门弹簧、阀针和被加载燃气的下部腔.同样地存在上部腔，在该上部腔中设置有阀门弹簧.在此，一个罩用作上部阀腔的封盖，该罩套到并且旋拧到所述上部阀腔上，并且由此才构成所述上部阀腔.火花塞和预燃室气门共同设置在同一个腔体中.这在结构小的情况下会导致较小的稳定性.
在DE102004000229A1中示出一种喷射系统，其将燃气和柴油喷射到燃烧室中.未示出火花塞和预燃室气门的共同的腔体.
为了预燃室的燃料供应存在不同的设计.在未经清洗的预燃室中，混合物在压缩冲程中被从主燃烧室压到预燃室中。
在清洗过的预燃室中此外存在的可能性是：为预燃室额外地供应燃料.这种单独的燃料供应又可以经由被动阀(止回阀)或主动阀实现.
气缸盖中的清洁过的预燃室设计需要的部件或者供应线路的包装、也即空间安置是要求高的。为了对付空间问题存在的原理是：特别小地设计所述预燃室气门.这带来使用寿命的问题，这是因为变小的预燃室气门容易导致可运动的部件的堵塞或粘接.
对设置预燃室气门和火花塞套的另一个建议在于，将预燃室气门与预燃室间隔开较远距离地定位，由此获得从预燃室气门到预燃室的用于通入到该预燃室气门的长的通道.这因此会是不利的，因为由此产生大的未经清洗的体积、所谓的损害空间，该损害空间显著有助于在预燃室气体燃烧时的碳烟形成.
发明内容
因此本发明的目的在于：提出一种气缸盖和内燃机，其中减少了由现有技术已知的缺点。
所述目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的气缸盖以及一种具有这样的气缸盖的内燃机得以实现.在从属权利要求中给出有益的实施方式.
通过将火花塞和预燃室气门设置在气缸盖的共同的腔体中，实现了预燃室气门和用于容纳火花塞的竖井的特别紧凑的设置结构.可以设定：所述腔体也由多个柱形的区段组装而成.这些区段不必全部彼此平行地设置.
根据本发明设定：火花塞和预燃室气门设置在彼此贯穿的孔中.由此得到的情况是，用于容纳火花塞或者预燃室气门的孔在空间上相对彼此如下地设置，即，这些孔贯穿.由此可以使得火花塞和预燃室气门相对彼此特别靠近地定位.这可以理解为：用于容纳火花塞和用于容纳燃室气门的孔以它们的周面交岔，这特别是在结构尺寸小的情况下导致阀体的较高的稳定性。
优选设定：腔体设置在火花塞套中.
这种类型的内燃机在大多情况下如下地设计，即，火花塞不直接旋拧到气缸盖中，而是设置有用于容纳火花塞的火花塞套。
优选的实施方式设定：用于容纳火花塞和预燃室气门的共同的腔体构造在火花塞套中。
可以设定：预燃室气门相对气缸盖或者火花塞套的密封在预燃室气门的周边进行.作为优选的实施例建议径向的密封方案，其中，预燃室气门的密封在预燃室气门的周面上进行。
这与轴向的密封方案不同，在这些轴向的密封方案中，密封在预燃室气门的端面上进行。
在此可以设定：预燃室气门的密封通过至少一个O型环构造.
优选设定：至少一个O型环设置在由构造在预燃室气门的外壁上的凸起构成的凹入部中.与预燃室气门的壁中的槽不同，设定：凸起构造在预燃室气门的壁上.在这些优选沿周向延伸的凸起之间构造凹入部，该凹入部可以容纳O型环。如果设置有一个以上的O型环，那么与此相应地构造多个凸起.
本发明的优点特别在于：
·预燃室气门处于靠近预燃室的地方，由此使得损害空间最小化；
·预燃室气门以特别紧凑的结构处于靠近所述火花塞的地方；
·本发明也可应用在较小的内燃机上(在那里特别是包装是成问题的)；
·火花塞的在流动技术方面和燃烧技术方面的有利的中部位置；
·在预燃室气门已装配的情况下，火花塞的可更换性.
附图说明
通过附图来具体阐释本发明.附图中：
图1a至1c示出按照第一实施例的火花塞套；
图2a至2c示出按照另一实施例的火花塞套；
图3a至3e示出火花塞套，供气方案的细节；
图4a、4b示出预燃室气门和对此的变型方案；
图5示出带有装入的火花塞的按照图1a的情况.
具体实施方式
图1a至1c示出按照第一个实例的火花塞套4的三个视图.图1a示出腔体7的纵剖视图，该腔体容纳火花塞6(未示出)和预燃室气门5。所述腔体7在这个实例中构造在火花塞套4中.
腔体7一方面包括围绕对称轴线S1的同心的竖井，该竖井包括多个柱段并且用于容纳火花塞.
腔体7此外具有孔10，该孔具有对称轴线S2，所述孔用于容纳预燃室气门5.
通道8从预燃室气门5通向预燃室3。预燃室3一方面包括本身的腔体、即所谓的空腔，在该空腔中发生混合物的点火。预燃室3当然也是一个物理构件。在本实施方式中，预燃室3设计为相对火花塞套4独立的构件并且与火花塞套4连接、例如压合.
为了清楚性而未示出的火花塞6经由与对称轴线S1同心的井筒插入到火花塞套4中，使得该火花塞与预燃室3优选平齐而该火花塞的电极伸入到预燃室3中.预燃室3经由通道8而由预燃室气门5积聚燃气.在预燃室3中的点火之后，点燃的混合物经由溢流孔9到达主燃烧室(未示出)中。
图1b示出图1a的俯视图。可以看到的是：处于腔体7中的用于容纳火花塞6以及预燃室气门5的平行的柱形井筒.火花塞6如参照图1a所示的那样未示出.在预燃室气门5处可以看到的是八角形，预燃室气门5以该八角形拧入到火花塞套4中。
图1c示出这个实例的火花塞套的透视图.
火花塞套4在安装状态中插入到内燃机(这里未示出)的气缸盖2中。
更确切地说，预燃室气门5的孔10在火花塞孔11的具有最大直径的上部区段中穿过该火花塞孔.这在图1b和中特别清楚.在俯视图(图1b)中，用于容纳预燃室气门5的孔10和用于容纳火花塞6的孔交叠.
图2a至2c示出火花塞套4的另一实施例，该火花塞套可插入到内燃机的气缸盖2中.在这里，用于容纳火花塞6的孔和用于容纳预燃室气门5的孔彼此贯穿.与按照图1a至1c的实施例相比，在这里，腔体7的轮廓发生变化.腔体7的轮廓在此如下的设计，使得用于容纳火花塞6和预燃室气门5的各孔流畅地相互融入.换而言之，按照图2a至2c的尖锐的过渡部在此通过两个孔过渡部的平滑的半径代替.
图3a示出火花塞套的剖视图，该剖视图如下地显示，使得向预燃室气门5的燃气输送变得明显.该阶梯剖在图3b中示出.可以看到供气通道12，该供气通道如何通到支承预燃室气门5的孔中.孔10与预燃室气门共同构成环形通道13，供气通道12通到该环形通道中.流入的燃气从由孔10和预燃室气门5构成的环形通道13被均匀地引导到预燃室气门5中.
图3c示出火花塞套4的纵剖视图.这个阶梯剖由图3d获知.如在图4c中可以看到的那样，此处如下地选择阶梯剖，使得可以看到供气通道12的与对称轴线S1平行延伸的部分.
图3e示出预燃室气门5和其气体供给的等轴透视图.气体供给通过供气通道12的水平和竖直区段进行.
图4a示出预燃室气门5的剖视图.可以清楚看到的是环形通道13，该环形通道构成在腔体的壁10与预燃室气门5的外轮廓之间。所述壁10可以由气缸盖2自身构成，或者可以由插入到气缸盖2中的火花塞套4构成.
阀针14由弹簧15相对其支座夹紧.罩16围绕弹簧15并且与阀针14例如经由射束焊接相连.
塞子17封闭预燃室气门5并且向上密封该预燃室气门.
环形通道13在径向上经由O型环18相对于腔体7密封.这些O型环设置在由凸起19构成的环形容纳部中.此处示出的预燃室气门5的密封设计设定：在径向上、即在预燃室气门5的外表面上进行密封.
图4b示出图4a的变型，在该变型中，腔23具有最大程度梨形的、向着预燃室3变细的造型.这种造型在流动技术上是特别有益的.
图5示出了按照图1a的视图，在这里具有绘出的火花塞6.
附图标记列表
2 气缸盖
3 预燃室
4 火花塞套
5 预燃室气门
6 火花塞
7 腔体
8 通道
9 溢流孔
10 腔体7的壁
11 火花塞孔
12 供气通道
13 环形通道
14 阀针
15 阀门弹簧
16 罩
17 塞子
18 O型环
19 凸起
20 燃气通道
21 预燃室气门的下部腔
22 预燃室气门的上部腔
23 腔
24 阀体
S1 对称轴线
S2 对称轴线

Claims (6)

1.气缸盖(2)，其包括：
-至少一个预燃室(3)，
-伸入到预燃室(3)中的至少一个火花塞(6)，
-通到预燃室(3)中的至少一个预燃室气门(5)，
其中，所述火花塞(6)和所述预燃室气门(5)设置在气缸盖(2)的共同的腔体(7)中，其特征在于，火花塞(6)和预燃室气门(5)设置在彼此贯穿的多个孔中。
2.按照权利要求1所述的气缸盖，其中，火花塞(6)设置在火花塞套(4)中，其特征在于，腔体(7)设置在火花塞套(4)中。
3.按照前述权利要求中至少一项所述的气缸盖，其特征在于，预燃室气门(5)相对气缸盖(2)或者火花塞套(4)的密封在预燃室气门(5)的周边上进行。
4.按照权利要求3所述的气缸盖，其特征在于，预燃室气门(5)的密封通过至少一个O型环(18)构造。
5.按照权利要求4所述的气缸盖，其特征在于，所述至少一个O型环(18)设置在由构造在预燃室气门(5)的外壁上的凸起(19)构成的凹入部中。
6.内燃机，其具有根据权利要求1至5中至少一项所述的气缸盖(2)。
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